Zonke izinkomba ziphakamisa i-fiasco okhethweni oluhleliwe lokuwa eHaiti. I-International Crisis Group (ICG) ibone ukuthi ezinyangeni eziyi-18 ngemuva kokuthi lowo owayenguMengameli uJean Bertrand Aristide ekhishwe ngenkani ezweni, iHaiti isalokhu ingavikelekile futhi iguquguquka. Ngakolunye uhlangothi lweningi labantu i-ICG yabona 'ukudangala, ukunganaki kanye nokungazi ngenqubo yokhetho.' Ngokufanelekile, le nhlangano ezinze e-Geneva iphethe ngokuthi kubalulekile futhi kuyaphuthuma ukuthi lezo zimo zihlehliswe.
Ukunganaki nokungajwayelani nenqubo yokhetho akumangazi. Ngo-Ephreli odlule u-Ron Gould, ongumeluleki we-Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), wabhala 'inqubo yokubhalisa abavoti iqhutshwa ubuchwepheshe ngenxa yesinqumo seNhlangano Yamazwe AseMelika.' UGould, owayekhathazeke ngokusobala 'ngezindleko eziphezulu, nemvelo yobungozi obukhulu' yalesi sinqumo ngenxa yokuntuleka kwengqalasizinda yaseHaiti, uphethe ngokuthi 'akusekho ukujikela emuva.'
Akumangazi ukuthi i-ICG ibike 'isonto ngaphambi kokuvalwa kokubhalisa okuhleliwe, bangu-870,000 kuphela [ezigidini ezine] ababengaba abavoti ababebhalisile, futhi akekho noyedwa owayesewatholile umazisi kazwelonke omusha odingekayo ukuze bavote.'
Ngakho, ingabe ukhetho lwangempela lungabanjwa eHaiti yanamuhla? Impendulo ixhumene nokuzimisela kwamazwe anamandla njengeCanada ukuvumela abantu baseHaiti balawule isiphetho sabo futhi banqume isiphetho sezepolitiki sabaholi babo.
Kunentuthuko embalwa ebalulekile enikeza isisekelo sokukholelwa ukuthi ukhetho lwangempela lusengenzeka. Okokuqala, u-Aristide, umongameli odingisiwe, ukuqinisekisile ukuthi angeke adelele uMthethosisekelo waseHaiti ukuze afune igunya lesithathu. Okwesibili, ukubuya kuka-Aristide ukuzoqedela igunya lesibili eliphusile lifunwa nguye kanye nabalandeli bakhe njengengxenye yohlelo lokubuyisana kuzwelonke abagcizelela ukuthi kumele lubandakanye ukhetho olukhululekile. Okwesithathu, wonke amalungu kahulumeni wesikhashana asayine isivumelwano esiqinisekisa ukuthi ngeke afune izikhundla zezombusazwe okhethweni oluzayo. Ekugcineni, umkhankaso we-UN (MINUSTAH) osetshenziswe ngokugcwele udlula izinhlangothi ezihlomile zaseHaiti futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ulimale kancane. Uma kunikezwe isiqondiso esanele sezombusazwe, i-MINUSTAH ephinde yagxila ekugcineni ukuthula kwangempela esikhundleni sokucindezelwa kwezombusazwe okuhlosiwe ingavikela kalula izwe okhethweni.
Ngokusobala, inselele ebhekene nemibuso yangaphandle (iCanada, i-US, ne-France) eyayingamele 'ushintsho lombuso' oluyinhlekelele eHaiti ingeyezombusazwe esikhundleni sezempi. Umbuzo-ke ngowokuthi ngabe uguquko oludingekile embonweni wepolitiki lungamila yini ezingqondweni zikaMartin, Bush kanye noChirac. Ingabe bayoqaphela ukuthi inkinga eyinhloko isimo esingekho emthethweni sombuso wangemva kokuvukela umbuso abawufakile, abantu baseHaiti nabangaphandle ngokufanayo abakuthola kunzima ukuwuthatha ngokungathi sรญna?
Khonamanjalo, kuyaqashelwa futhi kuvunywe ngisho nayizikhulu eziphezulu eMnyangweni Wezangaphandle eCanada ukuthi u-Aristide u-Fanmi Lavalas useyiphathi ethandwa kakhulu eHaiti. Kuyacaca ukuthi ukhetho ngaphandle kukaLavalas luzothathwa njengenkohliso. Kodwa-ke, i-US, Canada, France, kanye nohulumeni wesikhashana baye bazama ngokusobala futhi ngenkuthalo ukudicilela phansi u-Lavalas ekugijimeni, ngokukhuthaza ukuhlukana phakathi kweqembu. Umeluleki Okhethekile kaMartin eHaiti, u-Denis Coderre, useze wabiza abantu ababili abona abafanelekela u-Aristide esikhundleni. Leli su elingagqugquzelwanga kahle lisebenzele ukudicilela phansi isithunzi salaba 'balinganisi' ababusiswe kwamanye amazwe abalahlekelwe ukuhlonishwa kwabantu base-Haiti. Sekuphenduke inhlekisa kangangokuthi kwavela izindaba ngo-Aug. 4 ukuthi u-Guy Phillipe, isishoshovu esidume kabi manje osesingenele ukhetho lukamongameli nowayehola ukuketulwa umbuso okunodlame kwase-Dominican Republic, umemezele ukuthi ufuna ukusebenzelana no-Lavalas olinganiselayo. Njengoba kungalindeleka ngokunengqondo, izikhulu zikaLavalas zaphinde zaqinisekisa ukuthi isimo sokubamba iqhaza kwabo okhethweni sisalokhu singashintshile: ukukhulula iziboshwa zezombangazwe ezingaba ngu-1,000, ukuqeda ukushushiswa kwezombusazwe futhi ubuyisele uMongameli u-Aristide ukuze aqedele umsebenzi wakhe.
ICanada inikeza ini?
Naphezu kwemizamo yenani elikhulayo lezishoshovu zobumbano zaseHaiti, uMartin akabonisi zimpawu ukuthi inqubomgomo yakhe esemthethweni iyaphambuka esifundweni esigqugquzelwa nguPierre Pettigrew, oqhubeka nokwamukela ngokusobala ukubulawa komlingiswa kamongameli owayedingisiwe. Okukhathaza kakhulu ukuthi uPettigrew usaqhubeka nokuchitha imibiko eminingi evela ezinhlanganweni ezizimele ezithembekile njengeMiami School of Law, Harvard University, i-Small Arms Survey ese-Geneva kanye ne-Amnesty International ekhombisa ukuthi ukubulawa kwabantu ngemuva kokuketulwa umbuso kanye nokubulawa kwezepolitiki bekuqondiswe kakhulu. ngokumelene nabasekeli bakaLavalas. NgokukaPettigrew, izinto ezesabekayo ezibhalwe ngobuhlungu ezichazwe kule mibiko zimane 'ziyinkulumo-ze kaLavalas.' Ngenxa yalokho, ukwephulwa komthetho akunakwa futhi umbuso ongekho emthethweni owenzayo uyaqhubeka nokujabulela ukuhambisana okungaguquki kweCanada.
UClaude Boucher, Inxusa laseCanada eHaiti, utshele i-Inter-Parliamentary Forum of the Americas ngomhlaka-9 Dec., 2004: 'Sithemba ukuthi u-Aristide uzonyamalalaโฆ Ngikholwa ukuthi akumele aphinde abuye. Sithemba ukuthi [uphenyo ngezinsolo zenkohlakalo eyenziwa uhulumeni wakwa-Aristide] luzobonisa ukuthi u-Aristide unecala lezenzo zobugebengu eziningi kangaka.' Ngokusobala, ukuze i-Canada ibambe iqhaza elikhiqizayo e-Haiti, inqubomgomo esemthethweni yase-Canada ayikwazi ukuchema kanjalo nokuba nobaba. UPettigrew noMartin kumele bakwamukele ukuthi abantu baseHaiti yibo abanezwi lokugcina ezindabeni eziphathelene nekusasa lesizwe sabo, ukuthi iCARICOM (Caribbean Community Secretariat) kanye neNingizimu Afrika bangabadlali ababalulekile indima yabo yokufuna ukuthula okufanele inikezwe inhlonipho efanele, nokuthi amazwi okulinganisela avela ngaphakathi. nangaphandle kweHaiti kumele kuzwakale futhi kulalelwe.
I-Canada isekela ngokusobala amaqhinga edlanzana elinamandla kwezomnotho kodwa elingekho emthethweni e-Haiti. Izikhalo ezinobulungiswa zabaningi baseHaiti abampofu, manje abalulazekile, abangenamandla nabancishwe inyumbazane zisashaywa indiva. Okudingeka ngokushesha, njengoba kunconywe uThabo Mbeki kanye ne-African National Congress (ANC) kaNelson Mandela, wuhlelo lokuthula lwangempela olubandakanya uMengameli odingisiwe u-Aristide kanye nabamelene naye. I-Canada ingabamba iqhaza elibonakalayo kulokhu, kodwa kuphela uma kwenzeka ushintsho olukhulu lwepharadigm kunqubomgomo yayo yezangaphandle ebheke eHaiti.
Umnyakazo wethu okhula ngokushesha wobumbano ne-Haiti ngeke uphazanyiswe izitatimende zezombusazwe ezingosomathuba noma ukuqokwa okungokomfanekiso okwenziwe ukuze kuphambukise ukunaka ezindabeni zangempela. Kusukela e-Prince Edward Island kuya e-British Columbia, futhi ngokuqinisekile e-Papineau ka-Pierre Pettigrew egibele e-Quรฉbec, ukukhala kwethu kuzoqhubeka kuzwakala kakhulu nangokucacile: Cha ukukhohlisa ukhetho e-Haiti! Yebo okhethweni lwangempela nolunobulungiswa, kulandela ukukhululwa kwazo zonke iziboshwa zezombusazwe kanye nokubuya kukamongameli waseHaiti owayedingisiwe ngokomthethosisekelo, uJean-Bertrand Aristide.
Kusasele umbuzo owodwa: Ingabe undunankulu wethu, osanda kushaqisa wonke umuntu ngokuqokwa okumangazayo kukaMichรยคelle Jean owazalelwa eHaiti njengoMbusi Jikelele waseCanada, unesibindi sokwenza okulungile lapho kumbalwa amaphuzu asobala wezepolitiki ongawazuza uma ubeka engcupheni yokungavunyelwa nguBush?
Mnu. Ndunankulu, ngeke yini usimangaze futhi, kulokhu, ngokuthatha ngesibindi inqubomgomo yezangaphandle ukuze wamukele izifiso ezifanele zabantu baseHaiti kubulungiswa bezenhlalo, bathole isithunzi nobukhosi?
UJean Saint-Vil uyilungu elisungula iCanada Haiti Action Network: www.canadahaitiaction.ca
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela