Umbiko we-Oxfam International othi “Rigged Rules and Double Standards” mayelana Nohwebo, ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke kanye nokulwa nobubha kuwumzamo wesibindi wokuhlanganisa amapharadigm amabili. Kodwa-ke, lapho ama-paradigm amabili engalingani, ukuwahlanganisa kudala ukuhlaziya kwe-schizophrenic. Futhi lesi isiphetho sombiko we-Oxfam mayelana nokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke.
I-Oxfam International yenza umzamo ohlulekile wokuhlanganisa amapharadigm amabili - eyodwa enikeza intando yeningi abantu kuqala, enye enikeza kuqala ezohwebo, ezentengiselwano, izimakethe. Umbono wokuqala mayelana nokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke usekelwe ezimisweni zobulungiswa, intando yeningi, ubukhosi kanye nokusimama futhi uphethwe ngezindlela eziningi yinhlangano emelene nembulunga yonke edalule imithetho ehlanekezelwe nengalungile yohwebo ku-WTO kanye neBhange Lomhlaba/IMF izinhlelo, ipharadigm yesibili yokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke njengoba ikhuthazwa yilezi zinhlangano.
I-paradigm yokuqala ihlanganisa futhi ishumeke ukuhwebelana ngezinqubomgomo ezibaluleke kakhulu ezisekelwe emalungelweni abantu, ukubamba iqhaza kwentando yeningi, nokusimama kwemvelo. Ipharadigm yesibili ihlakaza intando yeningi, ubukhosi kanye nokusimama “njengemigoqo yokuhweba”, ibeka ukuhweba ngaphezu kwamanye amathuluzi enqubomgomo. Ekususeni uhwebo kusuka engqikithini yalo yezenhlalo nezemvelo, luhlakaza umphakathi futhi luhlakaze izimiso zemvelo. Idala ubumpofu ngokucekela phansi isisekelo sokuphepha kwezomnotho kanye nemvelo.
Amaphesenti angu-90 ombiko we-Oxfam akhiqiza kabusha ukugxeka kokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke, nakuba ihluleka ukuvuma izikweletu zayo enhlanganweni emelene nokubunjwa komhlaba futhi izama ukuyihleka usulu ngokuqamba igama elithi “globo phobe”. Inhlangano emelene nembulunga yonke ayiyona i-globo phobic, isekelwe ekujuleni kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nobumbano. Okumelene nakho yimithetho yokuhweba ngokukhululeka engalawulwa yizimiso zokuziphatha, ubulungiswa, intando yeningi kanye nemingcele yemvelo.
I-Oxfam nayo ibonakala iphikisana nale “mithetho eqinile” yohwebo ngaphandle uma kukhulunywa ngesahluko 4 mayelana Nokufinyelela Emakethe Nokuhweba Kwezolimo”. Kulesi sahluko ukukhululeka kwezohwebo kanye nezimakethe ezingalawulwayo ziba yinqubomgomo yezomnotho yonke. Isahluko siqala ngomcabango ojwayelekile we-WTO/World Bank — Uhwebo lungahlinzeka ngenjini enamandla yokukhula komnotho nokunciphisa ubumpofu. Ukuze leyo njini isebenze, amazwe ampofu adinga ukufinyelela ezimakethe zamazwe acebile. Ukwandisa ukufinyelela ezimakethe kungasiza amazwe ukuthi asheshise ukukhula komnotho, ngesikhathi esifanayo kudaleke amathuba amasha kwabampofu. Lokhu kunjalo ikakhulukazi emikhiqizweni yezolimo nasezimpahleni ezidinga abasebenzi abaningi, njengoba izimpilo zabantu abaningi abaphila ngaphansi komugqa wobumpofu zigxile kule mikhakha.
Ukufinyelela emakethe kufanele kube umuthi womlingo wokukhipha abampofu kakhulu ebuphofini. Kodwa-ke, ukufinyelela ezimakethe kumane nje kuyigama elilodwa lokuzijwayeza ukuthekelisa kanye nokubusa kwamanye amazwe. Phela ukuhweba kuwubudlelwane phakathi kwezwe elithumela kwamanye amazwe kanye nezwe elingenisayo. Ngokubeka konke ukugxila ekufinyeleleni kwezimakethe emazweni acebile angenisayo i-Oxfam ifihla futhi yenza ngokungabonakali izindleko zezomnotho, zezenhlalakahle nezemvelo ezibangelwa ukuthekelisa okugxile kakhulu kanye nezinqubomgomo zezolimo ezibuswa ukuthekelisa kwamanye amazwe emazweni ampofu Wezwe Lesithathu. Nakuba ukufinyelela ezimakethe kusikisela ukuthi amazwe acebile abizelwa ukuzidela, ngabampofu emazweni ampofu okudingeka ukuzidela kwangempela kubo.
Ukwenyuka kwempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle kwezolimo kanye nokufinyelela ezimakethe kuphinde kusho ukwanda kokusetshenziswa emazweni lapho ukusetshenziswa okungesimeme sekuvele kuphushela izinsiza ezilinganiselwe zomhlaba ngaphezu kwamandla okuphatha. Mangaki amanye amahembe namajini angagqokwa abathengi abacebile, bangawadla kangakanani ubhontshisi oluhlaza nama-strawberry? Umbiko we-Oxfam awuboni imiphumela yokusetshenziswa okungesimeme ngokusekelwe ekwandeni kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kusuka emazweni ampofu kuya emazweni acebile. Futhi alinaki iqiniso lokuthi kwezolimo ukusetshenziswa okuningi emazweni acebile kusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni okuncane kwezidingo eziyisisekelo futhi ngenxa yalokho ukwanda kobumpofu emazweni ampofu.
Njengoba uhwebo lwezolimo lusekelwe emhlabeni, amanzi nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, futhi ukuhlinzekwa komhlaba namanzi kulinganiselwe, izinqubomgomo zezolimo ezigxile ekuthengiseni kwamanye amazwe ziphambukisa umhlaba namanzi ekukhiqizeni ukudla okuyisisekelo okuzosetshenziswa endaweni. Ukubusa kwamanye amazwe kushintsha ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yemvelo ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo kanokusho emazweni ampofu ngezindleko ezishibhile kubathengi abacebile emazweni acebile. Ishintsha ukulawula izinsiza isuke kubalimi abancane nabadobi iye ezinkampanini zamabhizinisi ezolimo, icekele phansi isizinda semithombo yemvelo ngokusetshenziswa okungasimeme futhi kulokhu kucekela phansi izimpilo zabakhiqizi abancane futhi kudaleke ubumpofu esikhundleni sokuyisusa.
Wonke amazwe Omhlaba Wesithathu kudingeka iBhange Lomhlaba ukuthi ashintshe ezolimo zawo ziye kwezolimo ezigxile kwamanye amazwe zigxile ekuthumeleni inyama, imikhiqizo yasolwandle kanye nezimbali nemifino. Iresiphi “entsha” ye-Oxfam iyiresiphi endala yeBhange Lomhlaba yokuthekelisa kuqala. Umehluko kuphela ukuthi i-Oxfam ikulebula ku-jagoni ye-WTO yokuthi “ukufinyelela emakethe” kuyilapho iBhange likubiza ngokuthi ukukhulula ezohwebo kanye nezinguquko zezomnotho. Iresiphi yehlula abampofu ngezibalo ezi-3.
Okokuqala, isusa izinsiza zomhlaba eziyivelakancane kanye namanzi ekuhlangabezaneni nezidingo zokudla zendawo ukuze ihlinzekele izimakethe zamazwe angaphandle ngaleyo ndlela idale indlala nezimo zendlala emiphakathini esengozini kakhulu kanye nengasenayo amathuba. Yilokhu okwenzeka ngesikhathi se-colonialism futhi kwenzeka ngaphansi kwe-recolonisation of globalisation. Njengoba u-Utsa Patnaik, isazi sezomnotho esidumile saseNdiya sibonisile, ngaphansi kombuso waseBrithani ukusetshenziswa komuntu ngamunye eNdiya kwehle kusuka ku-200kg/ha ngo-1918 kuya ku-150 kg ngo-1947. Izitshalo zokusanhlamvu okungezona ukudla zanda ngokushesha izikhathi eziyishumi kunezinhlamvu zokudla, zondla izimakethe ezithunyelwa ngaphandle. I-Great Bengal Famine eyabulala abantu abayizigidi ezimbili kwaba umphumela. E-Java, ngaphansi kombuso wamaDashi, izilimo ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe zanda ngo-10% ngenkathi ukusetshenziswa kwe-paddy kwehla kusuka ku-2kg/cop ngo-600 kuya ku-199 Kg/cop ngo-1885.
Ubudlelwano obuphambene phakathi kokwenyuka kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kanye nokwehla kokusetshenziswa kokudla kuleli kanye nakuzwelonke kukhonjiswe ngaphansi kwamasu aholwa ukuthekelisa e-World Bank Structural Adjustment Programmes. ENigeria, e-Ethiopia, eSudan, eKenya, eTanzania naseZaire esukela ku-60% wabantu base-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara, kube nokwehla ngo-33% kokuphuma kwamabele ngekhanda ngalinye kanye nokwehla ngamaphesenti angama-20 kokudla okuphelele ngekhanda ngalinye ngaphansi. kuneshumi leminyaka. Wonke amazwe abona ukwanda kokuthengiswa kwezolimo ngekhanda ngalinye kanye nokwehla komkhiqizo wokudla osetshenziswayo ngekhanda ngalinye.
I-Oxfam eyaqala njengenhlangano yokusiza indlala ibonakala isikhohliwe izimpande zayo futhi ayikaze nakanye iluveze udaba lwamalungelo okudla nendlala esahlukweni sayo sokuthengiswa kwezolimo emazweni angaphandle.
Okwesibili, isibalo semali engenayo engu-$100b emazweni athumelayo sifihla izindleko ezimisweni zemvelo zendawo kanye nempilo yendawo lapho abalimi nabadobi bexoshwa yizinkampani ezithumela ngaphandle kanye namabhizinisi ezolimo asebenzisa izinhlelo ezingasimeme ukukhulisa izinzuzo nenzuzo. Emikhakheni ekhethwayo yenyama, izimbali nezimfanzi, izindleko zethunzi ezingu-10$ zisala ngokwezemvelo, ukucekelwa phansi kanye nempilo eyonakele nge-$ ngayinye yenzuzo yokuthekelisa ezinkampanini. Isibalo esimangalisayo se-Oxfam sika-100b$ senyukile imali etholwayo yokuthekelisa kwamanye amazwe ngaleyo ndlela sifihla isigidi sesigidi sedola sokucekelwa phansi kwenhlalo nemvelo emnothweni wendawo, okushiya imiphakathi yasendaweni impofu. Yingakho wonke amapulazi ezimfanzi, yonke iyunithi yezimbali, zonke izindlu zokuhlatshwa zibhikishelwa abantu bendawo.
Izindawo ezintathu zokuthunyelwa kwempahla emazweni angaphandle eziye zakhuthazwa kakhulu ngaphansi kombuso omusha wokukhulula uhwebo ukulima kwezilwane zasemanzini, ukutshala izimbali kanye nenyama. Ngokombono otholiwe wohwebo lwamahhala imali etholwayo ephuma kwamanye amazwe ngokuthunyelwa kwezimfanzi ezifuywayo, izimbali nenyama izokhokhela ukuthengwa kwempahla evela kwamanye amazwe ngakho-ke noma yikuphi ukuwa okudalwe ukuphambukiswa kwamandla okukhiqiza kusuka ekulimeni ukudla okuzosetshenziswa ekhaya kuya ekutshalweni kwezimpahla zikanokusho ezizosetshenziswa. abathengi abacebile basenyakatho bangaba ngaphezu kokwakhiwa.
Kodwa-ke, akusebenzi kahle futhi akusimeme ukutshala izimfanzi, izimbali nenyama ukuze zithunyelwe ngaphandle eNdiya. Kuso sonke isikhathi amandla okukhiqiza ukudla acekelwa phansi kakhulu ekhaya ngokuphambukisa izinsiza kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwemvelo kunokudla okungathengwa ezimakethe zomhlaba ngokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Endabeni yokuthunyelwa kwezimbali kwamanye amazwe, i-India yachitha ama-Rs. 1.37 billion njengokushintshana kwamanye amazwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuthunyelwa kwe-floriculture, kanye nama-Rs. 0.32 billion watholwa. I-India ingathenga ingxenye eyodwa kwezine kuphela ukudla ebingakutshala ngemali etholakala kwamanye amazwe evela ku-floriculture.
Ngakho-ke ukuvikeleka kwethu kokudla kwehle ngamaphesenti angamashumi ayisikhombisa nanhlanu, futhi ukudonswa kwemali yethu yangaphandle kukhuphuke ngaphezu kwezigidigidi eziyi-Rs. Endabeni yokuthunyelwa kwenyama kwamanye amazwe, ngedola ngalinye elitholwayo, i-India ibhidliza imisebenzi yemvelo ebiza amadola ayishumi nanhlanu eyenziwa izilwane zasemapulazini ukuze kube nezolimo oluqhubekayo. Izinkomo eNdiya ziyimithombo kamanyolo wemvelo namandla avuselelekayo. Lapho zibulawelwa ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, lezi zinsizakalo ezibalulekile ezinikezwa umfuyi ngokukhululekile ziyabhujiswa futhi kufanele sithenge umanyolo wamakhemikhali kanye namafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi, ngaleyo ndlela andise ukuphuma kwemali yakwamanye amazwe futhi kuholele ekwenyukeni kokungazinzi kwesimo sezulu.
Endabeni yendlu eyodwa yokuhlatshwa kwamanye amazwe i-Al Kabeer, ezinze e-Andhra Pradesh, uMbuso ubungase wonge imali yangaphandle ebiza ama-Rs. 360 million ngonyaka ezilwaneni zokuqala ezabulawa. Uma kucatshangelwa isilinganiso sabo sokuphila esisele sibe iminyaka emi-5 ngaphezulu, bebeyonga i-forex ebiza ama-Rs. 360×5 – Rs. 182 billion. Ukulandela impikiswano efanayo, uma zonke izilwane ezizobulawa phakathi (isho) iminyaka engu-5 yokusebenza kuka-Al-Kabeer ziphila isikhathi sazo semvelo sempilo, lapho-ke zizokwazi ukonga i-forex ngenani lama-Rs. 182.05 x 5 = Ama-Rs. 910 billion. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa nomholo ohlongozwayo wama-Rs. 200 million ngu-Al-Kabeer ngokubulala, umbuso ungasindisa ama-Rs. 9.1 billion imali yangaphandle ngokungabulali.
Endabeni yokuthunyelwa kwezimfanzi kwamanye amazwe, i-Rupee ngayinye yenzuzo yokuthekelisa ikhiqize ama-rupees angaphezu kwamahlanu okucekelwa phansi kwemvelo kwamanzi, izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ezolimo nezindawo zokudoba. Ukulima kwezimfanzi zezimboni kucekela phansi indawo ephindwe izikhathi ezingu-200 kunobukhulu bangempela bamachibi ngokufaka usawoti emanzini angaphansi komhlaba, ukungcoliswa kwamanzi asogwini, ukucekelwa phansi kwezolimo nemihlume. Kuwo wonke umsebenzi odaliwe, kucekeleka phansi izimpilo eziyishumi nanhlanu. Ukukhiqizwa kokudla okuningi kucekelwa phansi ngokucekelwa phansi kwezolimo nezindawo zokudoba zasekhaya kunalokho okungathengwa ngemali etholakala kwamanye amazwe ngezimfanzi ezifuywa ezimbonini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imali etholwa kwamanye amazwe iya ezindlini ezicebile zezimboni, futhi intengo yokucekelwa phansi ikhokhwa abalimi abampofu nabadobi abayizingcweti.
Ngakho-ke, njengomphakathi, sikhokha kakhulu mayelana nokungavikeleki kokudla kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwemvelo kunalokho esikuthola ngokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe izitshalo zikanokusho ezifana nezimfanzi, izimbali nenyama.
Abalimi base-Andhra Pradesh babhikishela i-Vision 20/20 inqubomgomo eholwa yi-export engayiboni indima yabanikazi abancane kodwa ebona ezolimo njengebhizinisi lokuthumela ngaphandle kwebhizinisi lezolimo.
Okokugcina, ukukhulula ukuthekelisa akulungile ekuthunyelweni kwamanye amazwe. Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi abantu kanye nemvelo bayakhululeka ohlelweni lokuhweba olungalawulwa, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe nakho kuyahlupheka. I-India eyaziwa ngokuthi indlovukazi kapelepele, eyalinga amagagasi amakoloni angabe esakwazi ukuthekelisa upelepele ngenxa yokulahlwa kanye nokuncintisana okwehlayo ngamanani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwehla ngokuncintisana kwezimali zezwe kuphoqa amazwe ukuthi athumele isamba esikhulu nesikhulu sempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle ukuze bathole imali encane nephansi.
Ngakho-ke ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe okuphezulu akuhumushi ngokuzenzakalelayo kube yimali engenayo ephezulu, okukhohlisa isisekelo esimaphakathi sombiko we-Oxfam wokuthi ukwanda okungu-1% kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kunikela ku-100b$. Ngisho noma amazwe eseyiphindaphinde kabili imiqulu yawo yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe, awazange abe nokwenyuka kwemali etholwayo ngenxa yokwehla kwemibandela yokuhwebelana. Ukushintsha imigomo yezohwebo kudinga uguquko lwesakhiwo emnothweni womhlaba - uhlobo inhlangano emelene nembulunga yonke elubizayo.
Ngalolu shintsho lwesakhiwo, ukuhweba akuseyona "injini yokukhula". I-West Bengal yandisa umkhiqizo wayo wezolimo kanye nokukhula hhayi ngokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kodwa ngokuguqulwa komhlaba. Ukubeka izinsiza ezandleni zabantu, kanye nokuqinisekisa abakhiqizi abancane ukufinyelela ezimakethe zendawo kuyindlela ephephe kakhulu, esimeme nehlanganisayo yokususa ubumpofu. Abakhiqizi abancane badinga ukufinyelela kwemakethe ezimakethe zasekhaya ezicekelwa phansi njengoba izinkampani zomhlaba wonke zilahla amanani angelona iqiniso, ashibhile ngokuzenzisa, imikhiqizo exhaswe ngemali zisebenzisa imithetho yokukhululwa kwamanye amazwe.
Uhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe olwakhelwe phezu kwesisekelo somnotho wasekhaya oqinile kanye nezimiso zemvelo eziqinile zizodlala indima enhle. Ukuthekelisa umnotho osuselwe kwamanye amazwe okwakhiwa ngokuhlukanisa izinsiza zabantu, ukucekela phansi izimpilo zendawo kanye nokucekela phansi imvelo kanye nomnotho wendawo kudala ubumpofu ezingeni lomphakathi, nakuba isibalo esincane sabantu abafudukayo sithola imisebenzi emkhakheni wokuthekelisa.
Ngokuqeda uhwebo, i-Oxfam ayiboni ngqikithi lapho izinqubomgomo zikazwelonke ziholele ekutheni izinqubomgomo zikazwelonke zishintshe zisuke ekudleni ziye kuqala zibe yizinqubomgomo ezithumela kwamanye amazwe, ezolimo zisuka ekubeni abantu abampofu abayizigidi ziye ezinkampanini ezimbalwa zebhizinisi lezolimo, kanti nemithombo yemvelo ayisaphathwa futhi isetshenziswa. yimiphakathi yendawo ukuze iziphilise kanye nenhlalakahle kodwa yizinkampani ezisiza abacebile ngokunethezeka. Lezi yizinkinga i-Oxfam ethule kuzona - abekho abalimi abancane nabalimi embikweni, “abakhiqizi” kuphela, akukho zolimo olusimeme embonweni we-Oxfam, ukufinyelela ezimakethe kuphela, noma ngabe ukugudluzwa kwemikhiqizo yangaphandle kuya kokufakwayo kwangaphakathi kuye kwaba nemiphumela emihle. isungulwe njengendlela ephumelela kakhulu yokwenza ngcono iholo labalimi.
Lezi yizingqinamba ezisemongweni wezinkulumo mpikiswano zokudla nezolimo emhlabeni wonke. Kuyo yonke indawo kumenywa ukuba kufakwe kabusha ezolimo kwezemvelo, amasiko kanye nezidingo eziyisisekelo zokudla nempilo. Izinhlangano zisebenzela ukuvuselela abalimi abancane, ukuvikela abalimi abancane kanye nokuqinisa izimakethe zendawo. Yilapho ubulungisa kwezohwebo buyotholakala khona. Hhayi ku-echo esabekayo yeBhange Lomhlaba, noma ekhorasi “lokufinyelela emakethe” ye-Zoellick - Lamy - Ikhwaya emfushane i-Oxfam ejoyine ngayo njengomfana omncane wekhwaya. Ikhuluma “ngokubambisana kwembulunga yonke okubandakanya wonke umuntu” kodwa iphrojekthi yokuhwebelana kwezomnotho iphrojekthi yokungabandakanywa kwezomnotho nezepolitiki. Futhi yilokhu kukhishwa ngaphandle kwezomnotho okudala ipolitiki yokungabandakanywa e-Europe naseNdiya.
Ukuqothulwa kohlanga kwaseGujrat kanye nokudlondlobala kweLaPen eFrance kuyizici zezombusazwe ezakhiwe ukuhwebelana kwezomnotho okucekele phansi izimpilo nemisebenzi, izinsiza namasiko. I-Oxfam, nabanye abasekeli bokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke babize ukwakhiwa komnotho wasekhaya nowezwe oqinile oqinile “okuwukuzihlukanisa”. Kodwa lezi ziyisisekelo sokuvikeleka komnotho futhi yingakho okuwukuphela kwekhambi lokulwa nokucwaswa kwabokufika kanye nobufandamentali namandla enzondo nokuzihlukanisa. Ukungazethembi okudalwa ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke kunikeza indawo evundile yokuvela kwe-facist isolationi. Ngakho-ke ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke kudla ukuhlukaniswa, ukucwaswa kanye nokuhlukana komphakathi. Umnotho wendawo oqinile uhlanganisa imiphakathi ngokudala ukuphepha okuphelele nokuqinisa amasiko afaka wonke umuntu.
Izibalo zicacile: -
Ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke = ukungazethembi kanye nokukhishwa inyumbazane. Intando yeningi Yezomnotho kanye nokwenza kwasendaweni = ukuphepha nokufakwa.
I-Oxfam inephupho lokwakha inhlangano yokuguqula uhlelo lwezohwebo olunamandla njengenhlangano yokulwa nobandlululo eNingizimu Afrika. Ngalokho i-Oxfam idinga ukuhamba nokunyakaza kwabantu futhi iqhube uthando namandla kanye nokuba semthethweni kubo.
I-Oxfam manje kufanele yenze ukukhetha - ingabe izomela ukuhweba okulawulwa yizimiso zokuthula, ubulungiswa nokusimama noma izoba yizwi elibuthaka, elihlanganisiwe, lezintshisekelo ezinkulu zohwebo lwamahhala?
Ingabe izobeka ukuthula nokulondeka kwabantu ngaphezu kwezentengiselwano nokuhweba?
Ingabe izobeka abantu kuqala noma ukuhweba kuqala?
Ingabe izobeka ukudla kuqala noma ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kuqala?
Ingabe izohamba yonke indlela emzabalazweni wokuguqulwa kwesakhiwo kanye nokuguqulwa kwemithetho yezohwebo kanye ne-paradigm yokuhweba mahhala?
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
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