Lapho uMnyango Wezobulungiswa wase-US kumemezela izinhloso zayo zokuqala ukuqeda ukusetshenziswa kosonkontileka abazimele emajele kahulumeni, abaningi bakwamukele lokhu njengesinyathelo esibalulekile sokuhlakazwa kwemodeli eqhutshwa inzuzo yokuboshwa kwabantu abaningi. Lesi sinqumo sizothinta iziboshwa ezingaphezu kuka-20,000 ezikhungweni ezingu-14 ezweni lonke, futhi silandela inqwaba yemibiko enecala. by umama Jones, The Nation, Kanye I-DOJ ngokwayo, konke okwaphawula ukwephulwa okukhulu kwezokuphepha nokuphulwa kwamalungelo abantu emajele aphethwe ngasese.
Ngenkathi lesi simemezelo sibangele ukuzamazama okukhulu ezweni lonke - hhayi okungenani okuyi-Wall Street, lapho amasheya ezinkampani ezimbili ezinkulu ezizimele zokulungisa izigwegwe. wehla - izishoshovu zibona iminyaka yomsebenzi oyisicefe owandulela isinqumo se-DOJ.
U-Alex Friedmann, ongumqondisi we-Human Rights Defence Centre, uthi labo abajwayelene nohlelo lwamajele azimele abazange bamangale ngokutholwe yi-DOJ, njengezigameko eziphezulu zodlame kanye nokushushumbiswa kwamajele azimele. "Umbiko [we-DOJ] uhlanganisa izinto izishoshovu eziphikisana nemboni yamajele eyenza inzuzo kudala zaziwa," kusho uFriedmann, kodwa wavuma ukuthi isinqumo sabaphathi abakhulu "sokwenza okuthile ngakho" siwushintsho olwamukelekayo lwezenzakalo. . Ukuphikiswa kwamajele azimele sekuqhubeke iminyaka engaphezu kwengama-30, kusho uFriedmann, okuyinhlangano yakhe esebenze kulolu daba kusukela ngo-1990.
Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, umfelandawonye wezishoshovu ujoyine le nhlangano, abaningi behlose umgomo wezinkampani zamajele ezizimele. I Umkhankaso Kazwelonke Wokuhlukaniswa Kwamajele Azimele, eyethulwa ngo-2011, ibilokhu ihlanganisa amaqembu ahlukahlukene njengabahleli bamakhampasi, abagqugquzeli bokufika, izinyunyana zabasebenzi, kanye ne-Black Lives Matter. Amaqembu ababambisene angaphezu kuka-200 ajoyine umkhankaso wokunxenxa ukuthi kukhishwe izinkampani ezimbili ezinkulu ezizimele zezwe, Corrections Corporation of America futhi Iqembu le-GEO. Phakathi neminyaka edlule, lezi zinkampani zenze izigidigidi zamaRandi zenzuzo exhaswe ngabakhokhi bentela, kusho uDaniel Carrillo, umqondisi omkhulu walo mkhankaso, futhi ziye zaba nesandla ohlelweni oluhlukumeza abantu bokufika kanye nabantu bebala.
Umkhankaso wokukhipha imali emajele wawumodela amaqhinga awo amaningi ngemuva kwenhlangano emelene nobandlululo ngeminyaka yawo-1980, uphawula impumelelo yesisekelo sawo esibanzi, sokusebenzisana kanye nezimfuno ezicacile, ezisebenzayo. Selokhu waqala umsebenzi wawo osemthethweni, lo mkhankaso usuhlinzeke ngohlaka lwabahleli bendawo ukuthi balethe le nhlangano emanyuvesi abo, ezindaweni zokusebenza, ezishayamthetho nasemabandleni ezenkolo. Lo mkhankaso uphinde wengamele izenzo ezinkulu ezididiyelwe, njengokuthi a Iviki Lokwenza I-Divestment kanye nemihlangano yezizwe emithathu, muva nje e-Boca Raton, ikhaya le-GEO Group. Ngemuva kweminyaka yokusebenza kwamasu, okufake ingxenye yawo ye ukunqoba kanye nezithiyo, uCarrillo wabona isinqumo se-DOJ โnjengesithelo salokhu kuhlelwa kwezinhlanga eziningi.โ
Nokho, abahleli bayavuma ukuthi usemkhulu umsebenzi. Iningi leziboshwa e-United States lilawulwa iziphathimandla zendawo nezifundazwe noma uMnyango Wezokuphepha Kwasekhaya - konke okuhlala kungathintekile ngesinqumo sangoLwesine. Izikhungo ezifana ne-Immigration and Customs Enforcement zisebenzisa inombolo enkulu yezindawo zokuboshwa ezizimele, ezijabulele izigidi inzuzo ngokuvalela abokufika abangenazo izincwadi. "Sithemba ukuthi i-ICE kanye nezifundazwe zizolandela ukuhola koMnyango Wezobulungiswa," wathi David Fathi, umqondisi we-American Civil Liberties Union National Prison Project.
Okwamanje, umbuzo wokuqaliswa usamile. I-DOJ ibize isikhathi soguquko seminyaka emihlanu. "Kuningi okwenzeka eminyakeni emihlanu," kusho uFriedmann. "Noma ngubani ohlezi eWhite House ngemuva kokhetho lwangoNovemba uzonquma ukuthi isinqumo se-DOJ sizoqhubekela phambili noma cha." Ngakho-ke, uFriedmann uthe, "sekuyisikhathi sokuphikisa amajele azimele [ngokusebenzisa] imibhikisho eyengeziwe, izingcingo eziningi eziya kubenzi bomthetho kuwo wonke amazinga kahulumeni, [kanye] nokwabelana okwengeziwe ezinkundleni zokuxhumana."
Inani labantu basejele lisekhona phezulu ngokumangalisayo, futhi kwakuyisidingo esikhulu esabangela ukuthambekela kokwenziwa kwezinto ezizimele kwasekuqaleni. Ukuhlukunyezwa nokunganakwa manje okuhlotshaniswa namajele azimele kuzoxazululwa kuphela ngokulungisa imithetho yezokufika kanye nobulungiswa bobugebengu ngokuqondile, kusho abahleli abaningi.
UCarrillo uphawula ukuthi izinkampani zamajele ezizimele zisajabulela inani elilinganiselwe lamandla okunxenxa eWashington, lapho zisaqhubeka nokufuna izinqubomgomo "zokuboshwa kwabantu abaningi kanye nokuhlukumeza abantu abaningi".
UFriedmann uyavuma. "Isimemezelo se-DOJ ngokuqinisekile asisona igalelo ezinkampanini zamajele ezizimele," esho. โLokho kuzodinga ukuthi abantu abaningi bazibandakanye ekulweni nemboni yamajele eyenza inzuzo.โ
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uCarrillo nozakwabo banethemba lokubona izimali zishintshela ezindleleni zokubuyisela, esikhundleni sokujezisa. Inzuzo ayinandawo ohlelweni lwezobulungiswa, kusho uCarrillo, kodwa kunalokho, "ukulungisa abantu kufanele kwenziwe wumphakathi."
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Nikela