Imilayezo etholwe evela eTahrir Square, 4.15 pm, ngoLwesihlanu 12 February -
"Sikwenzile - SENZE! Abantu bayacula, bayacula, bayakhuleka - futhi bakhalela labo abashona ezandleni zikaMubarak nohulumeni. Asikukholwa neze. Sikwenzile futhi manje sekuwumkhosi wangempela we abacindezelweyo."
"Simxoshile umashiqela: manje sekumele sisuse ubushiqela."
Yeka izenzakalo! Kwakudinga umnyakazo omkhulu wokuzimisela okukhulu ukususa umashiqela owayebonakala eqinile emandleni - futhi yebo, abantu bakwenzile, kwaba nomthelela omkhulu eMpumalanga Ephakathi kanye nasemiphakathini yonkana eNingizimu Yomhlaba.
Lapho mina noRabab El Mahdi sibheka igama lencwadi yethu yakamuva yeZed ekhuluma ngeGibhithe, Isikhathi Soshintsho weza ngokwemvelo. Lesi sisho samukela intuthuko ejulile kwezombusazwe zaseGibhithe kule minyaka eyishumi edlule - ukuvela kwezinhlangano zezinguquko zentando yeningi, amalungelo abasebenzi kanye nabalimi, ngokumelene nempi yaseMpumalanga Ephakathi, kanye nobumbano namaPalestina - kanye nemithelela yawo emphakathini wonke. . Kodwa asizange siphuphe ukuthi phakathi nezinyanga ezingu-18 ukunyakaza kwabantu abaningi okungenakuvinjelwa kuzoxosha umashiqela nomndeni wakhe emandleni. Lapho kufika uguquko lwafinyelelwa ngesivinini esididayo - izinsuku eziyi-18 ukusuka emibhikishweni yangomhla zingama-25 kuJanuwari kuya ekuphumeni ngendiza enophephela emhlane esigodlweni sikamongameli.
Yini eyenza amandla enguquko yaseGibhithe? Ukuqiniseka, kuwukubonakaliswa kwezinkinga zezomnotho nezenhlalo - izinkinga zomsebenzi, ukuphepha kokudla, izidingo ezicindezelayo zezindlu kanye nengcindezi enkulu kubantu basemakhaya eGibhithe. I-Egypt ibiyilabhorethri yokuhlolwa kwe-neo-liberal kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-1970, lapho umbuso ka-Anwar Sadat uqala inqubomgomo yawo infitha - "ukuvulwa". Ezandleni zikaMubarak lezi zenziwa ngokusemthethweni njengezinqubomgomo zenkululeko yezomnotho ezachitha isimo sentuthuko yenkathi yamaNasserist. Izimboni zombuso zenziwa ezizimele, imigoqo yohwebo yasuswa, futhi ukuguqulwa komhlaba okuyigugu kwawo-1950 kwahlehliswa, “ukubuyisela” emindenini edla umhlabathi yenkathi yamakholoni iziza ezazilinywa izigidi zemindeni ehlwempu. Abantu abaningi baseGibhithe baphonswa emaphethelweni okusinda.
Kodwa umbutho wamavukelambuso ukhombisa eminye imizwa, ngaphezu kwayo yonke intukuthelo ejulile evela ekuhlangenwe nakho okungenakubalwa kokuhlukunyezwa ezandleni zombuso. Izinqubomgomo zezomnotho zikaMubarak, zisekelwa ngesasasa yiBhange Lomhlaba, IMF kanye nohulumeni base-Europe naseNyakatho Melika, besekelwa umbuso owawuhlukumeza futhi ubulale ngokuthanda kwawo. Iminyaka engu-30 amaphoyisa kanye nezikhungo zokuphepha bezibhekise amabombo aphikisayo ngaphandle kokujeziswa, zibamba izishoshovu ezazivame ukunyamalala zingabonwa noma zithunyelwe eziNkantolo Zezempi lapho zazigqunywe khona isikhathi eside ejele. Abanye babehloswe ngamathimba abulalayo. Ngeminyaka yawo-1990 kwaba nezigameko eziningi ezingaqondakali lapho abantu bedutshulwa emigwaqweni yaseCairo ngamathimba ababulali ababengagqokile kwezingubo - okuwukunanela kwemikhankaso “yokulwa nokuvukela umbuso” eyayisekelwa yi-US eyayiqhutshwa eLatin America. Ngaleso sikhathi isibalo esingakaze sibonwe sabantu sathathwa emizini yabo nasemigwaqweni ngamaphoyisa abahlukumeza ngaphandle kwesizathu esisobala ngaphandle kwesidingo sabo sokufaka ukwesaba nokulawula: zonke iziteshi zamaphoyisa zinezitokisi zaso zokuhlushwa kanye nedolobha ngalinye izisulu zalo ezingafakaza unya lombuso.
Ngo-2003 abameli kanye nezishoshovu zamalungelo abantu bakha i-Egypt Association Against Torture (EAAT). Lokhu kwenqatshelwe ukubhaliswa ngokusemthethweni, njengoba uMubarak enqabela ama-NGO ukuthi ahlanganyele "ezenzweni zezombusazwe". Yize kunjalo ikhiphe umbiko, Ukuvunwa Kwezinsuku Ezingamashumi amahlanu Kwamalungelo Ezakhamuzi, ebhala ngezigameko zokuhlukunyezwa phakathi kwezinsuku ezingama-50 zengqungquthela eyabanjwa ngo-2005 yiqembu elibusayo i-National Democratic Party (NDP). Lokhu kuqophe umlando wokuhlukunyezwa kwezakhamizi ezingama-90, eziyisikhombisa kuzo ezashonela eziteshini zamaphoyisa nasezikhungweni Zezokuphepha Zombuso. Embikweni oqhubekayo ngabantu abashona behlukunyezwa noma ngenxa yokuhlukunyezwa phakathi kukaMeyi 2004 noMeyi 2005 i-EAAT ihlonze abantu abashonile abangama-26; yaphawula ukuthi lezi zimele “kuphela isiqephu sentaba yeqhwa”.
I-EAAT yaphawula: “Uma sikhuluma ngokuhlushwa e-Egypt asikhulumi ngokwephula umthetho lapha noma laphaya... sikhuluma ngenqubomgomo ecindezelayo eyamukelwa uMnyango Wezangaphakathi kanye nezinhlaka zokuphepha neziphathimandla, inqubomgomo ehlelekile, ehlelekile neqhubekayo. esetshenziswa ngokumelene nezakhamizi. Iziphathimandla zaseGibhithe zisebenzisa ukuhlukunyezwa njengethuluzi elihlelekile nelihlelekile lokuhlukumeza izakhamuzi kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuzithoba okuphelele kwabantu ezinqubweni zalezo ziphathimandla. "
In I-Egypt - Isikhathi Soshintsho isishoshovu samalungelo abantu u-Aida Seif El Dawla ubeke icala elinzima elibhekene nezinhlaka zombuso ezazijwayele ukuhlukumeza zonke izinhlobo zabantu - abafundi, izintatheli, ababhali bemibhalo, izishoshovu zezombusazwe, izishoshovu zezimboni, abalimi abamelene nokuthathwa komhlaba noma ukuxoshwa, futhi abantu abaningi bashushiswa kalula. ukuze avuse ukwesaba nokuthobela. Unikeze ubufakazi balabo abaphila ukuze baxoxe ngalokho okwenzeka kubo, kanye nesitatimende esihlanganyelwe esivela kuma-NGO esamemezela ukuthi, “Si… Ngemva kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu yokubusa kukaMubarak, izigidi zabantu zase ziphethe ngokuthi zibhekene nomzabalazo wokuphila noma ukufa nohulumeni - kwathi ngenyanga edlule uguquko lwaseTunisia lufaka ithemba elisha, intukuthelo yaba nokuzimisela ukuxazulula izinkinga nokuletha enye iGibhithe.
Uguquko luyinhlangano enkulu echitha i-neo-liberal ajenda kanye nombuso onegunya elibalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwazo. Kuyinselele kulokho uDavid Harvey akubiza ngokuthi “ukuqongelela ngokuphucwa umhlaba” kanye nemiphumela yako - ukunganaki, ukungalingani okukhulayo, ukuhlukunyezwa kwabampofu nabasengozini, kanye nokugubha ingcebo nokuhaha. Izindawo ezingaphansi kweCairo ziya ngokuya zifana nalezo zaseSao Paolo, Santiago, Johannesburg kanye neMumbai, ezinemiphakathi enesango lapho kumi khona ama-villas kanye namafulethi ingcebo entsha, abahlomuli bendawo ekubuseni kukaMubarak. I-Dreamland, i-Utopia, i-Beverley Hills, i-Lakeview kanye nezinye ziphahlwe yizitolo ezinkulu, ama-hypermarkets namanyuvesi azimele lapho abantu abasha beqeqeshwa khona - okungenani okucatshangwayo - ukuze babe yingxenye ye-elite yomhlaba wonke.
Izinsiza ezinkulu zezokuphepha zezwe ziye zasebenza ekuqinisekiseni la malungelo. UMubarak wawagcwalisa kalula amachibi okubhukuda abantu abacebile kodwa akazange aqinisekise isinkwa noma amanzi kubantu. Ngo-2007 nango-2008 kwaba nemibhikisho emadolobheni nasezigodini ngaphesheya kweNayile Delta bebhikishela ukushoda kwamanzi okuphuza: ababambiqhaza bakhuluma ngeNguquko Yabanxaniwe. Iziphathimandla zathumela amaphoyisa asusa udweshu ukuze aqede lezi “ziyaluyalu”; Ngaleso sikhathi amanzi ageleza ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka eya emiphakathini esesangweni, nasezindaweni zamakilabhu zasemaphandleni nasezindaweni zokungcebeleka eziseMedithera kanye noLwandle Olubomvu.
Umzamo ngamunye wokuphikisana nokungabi nabulungisa kwe al-nizam (“uhlelo”/ “uhlelo”) luhlangabezene nezindlela zamaphoyisa kanye nokukhwatshaniswa kwamavoti okusobala. Ngenkathi abantu baseGibhithe bezama ukuvotela amaqembu ezombusazwe ambalwa ayevunyelwe ukubamba iqhaza okhethweni babemukelwa ngokusatshiswa futhi ngokuvamile ngodlame oludlulele. Kwaba yingozi ngisho nokuya ezikhungweni zokuvota - kodwa ukuze siqiniseke ukuthi izikhulu ze-NDP ebusayo zazishintsha njalo izinzuzo, ukuze lolu hlelo lwandise inkinga enkulu yokumelwa kwezombusazwe. Lolu wuhlelo olusekelwa abaphathi be-US abalandelanayo kuze kube wumzuzu wokuhamba kukaMubarak ngesonto eledlule.
abaseGibithe basuse umashiqela; bangasusa ubushiqela? Amadoda kaMubarak - asesimweni soMkhandlu Ophakeme Wamasosha - asaphethe, okungenani ngokusemthethweni. Bonke bavuke ngohlelo olulethe ubumpofu, ukuhlukunyezwa kanye nokuhlukunyezwa - futhi luye lwaphuca inqwaba yabantu amalungelo. Abazange bahlasele ukunyakaza kwabantu abaningi - kodwa bangaletha ushintsho kubantu abagcwele ithemba nokulindela? Impela izishoshovu zase-Egypt zizobe zibuyela emigwaqeni ukuze zenze isithembiso soshintsho sibe yimpumelelo.
UPhilip Marfleet, u-Co-Editor we I-Egypt: Isikhathi Soshintsho, iphawula ngoguquko olumangalisayo e-Egypt, ikakhulukazi i-Zed
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
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