U-AMY GOODMAN: Ngemva kweminyaka engamashumi amabili nanhlanu ebalekile eHaiti, lowo owayengumashiqela uJean-Claude "Baby Doc" Duvalier ubuyile. UDuvalier wasuka eHaiti phakathi kwemibhikisho ngo-1986 ngemva kombuso weminyaka engu-15 owawunenkohlakalo nokuhlukunyezwa nokubulawa kwabamelene naye kwezombusazwe. NgoMsombuluko, wabuyela ezweni elicekelwe phansi ukuzamazama komhlaba ngepasipoti yezobuzwe futhi wamemezela ukuthi, ucaphuna, "lapha ukuze abone ukuthi ngingalisiza kanjani izwe lami."
Esimeni esinesiphithiphithi ngoLwesibili, amaphoyisa aseHaiti abophe uDuvalier ehhotela likanokusho abehlala kulo amyisa ehhovisi lomshushisi ePort-au-Prince ukuze aphenywe ngemibuzo. Manje uDuvalier ubekwe icala lenkohlakalo, ukweba kanye nokusetshenziswa budedengu kwezimali. Ezinye izilinganiso zithi imali ayikhwabanisile icishe ibe yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane zamaRandi.
Ukubuyela kukaDuvalier eHaiti kuza emasontweni ambalwa ngaphambi kokuthi kube nokhetho lwe-run-off. Iqembu elikhulu lezepolitiki eHaiti, iLavalas, alifakwanga okhethweni. ILavalas yiqembu lalowo owayengumengameli uJean-Bertrand Aristide, osadingisiwe eNingizimu Afrika.
Ukuze sixoxe ngalezi zenzakalo zakamuva, sihlanganiswe intatheli uKim Ives. Ungumhleli we I-Haiti Liberté.
Siyakwamukela ku Intando yeningi Manje!,Kim. Khuluma ngerekhodi lika-Baby Doc Duvalier, labantu abangawazi umlando wase-Haiti.
UKIM IVES: U-Baby Doc waqala ukubusa ngo-1991 ngemuva kokushona kukayise, owakhethwa ngo-1957. Uyise wamemezela ukuthi ungumongameli impilo yakhe yonke ngo-1964, ngevoti elilinganiselwa ezigidini ezintathu kuya kwezi-3,000, futhi leso sihloko wasidlulisela kuJean-Claude. Umbuso wawucindezela kakhulu futhi ukhohlakele ngokwedlulele. Futhi u-Baby Doc waba uhlobo oluthile lukamashiqela we-playboy, owayehamba ngezimoto ezisheshayo, ephonsa izinhlamvu zemali kubalimi abalambile eceleni komgwaqo. Ukunengeka ngombuso wakhe kwakhula eHaiti.
Futhi ukuntula isineke nge-US—i-US nayo yaphelelwa isineke, ngoba izigidi zamadola i-US yayingenisa ezweni ukuze yakhe ingqalasizinda yebhizinisi lase-US yokwakha izimboni ezishibhile zabasebenzi yayifakwa usawoti kuma-akhawunti asebhange aseSwitzerland nguJean-Claude. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1986, bamxosha, njengoba benza abanye omashiqela emhlabeni wonke futhi esikhundleni sabo bafaka onodoli abakhethiwe be-façade. Kodwa-ke, eHaiti akuzange kusebenze kahle kangako, futhi esikhundleni sokuba umuntu oqokwe e-US, uMarc Bazin, anqobe ukhetho, kwaba uJean-Bertrand Aristide ngo-1990.
U-AMY GOODMAN: Ngaphansi kuka-François Duvalier, "Papa Doc," bese kuba ngu-Baby Doc, obuye kuleli sonto, bangaki abantu baseHaiti ababulewe?
UKIM IVES: Ziningi izilinganiso. Ngo-1986, kwaba nesilinganiso sokuthi babalelwa ku-10,000 ababulawa ngaphansi kombuso, kuyo yomibili le mibuso. Kepha ingafinyelela ku-50,000, ngokusho kwezinye izilinganiso.
U-AMY GOODMAN: Kungani ebuyile, futhi wabuyela kanjani eHaiti?
UKIM IVES: Hhayi-ke, sicabanga ukuthi bekunento yokwenza nesimo esikhona manje sokungaboni ngaso linye okhethweni. I-Organisation of American States iyala u-Préval ukuthi aguqule imiphumela yokhetho olwalungomhla zingama-28 kuNovemba, okwakuwukhetho olungenangqondo ngokuphelele olwaphazanyiswa izinto ezimbi kakhulu. UMkhandlu Wokhetho Lwesikhashana ka-Préval uthe lowo ongenele ukhetho ngokusemthethweni eqenjini lakhe, uJude Célestin, ungene endaweni yesibili ngemuva kukaMirlande Manigat, i-neo-Duvalierist yophiko lwesokudla, nokuthi bazohamba—
U-AMY GOODMAN: Wayengumfelokazi womunye umongameli waseHaiti.
UKIM IVES: Yebo, ungumfazi kamongameli-akakafi, kodwa u-Leslie Manigat, owamiswa ngokuyisisekelo amasosha ngo-1988 ngemva kokuchithwa kwegazi okhethweni ngo-1987. Ngakho, i-OAS yangena yathi, "Cha, cha, cha. Akuwona umphumela olungile lowo. Umphumela ofanele kufanele ube ukuthi uMichel Martelly, owaziwa ngelika-"Sweet Micky," umculi we-kompas osekela i-coup, ophume endaweni yesithathu esondele kakhulu, kufanele abe ku-runoff. U-Préval uyaphika lokhu futhi akakawuphenduli umbiko we-OAS futhi kubonakala sengathi uyayingabaza indlela yayo. Ngakho-ke, sicabanga ukuthi ukufika kuka-Duvalier kukhona umzamo ngempela wokucindezela u-Préval nokumbonisa—ngandlela thize, ukuhlanganisa isisekelo se-Duvalierist, ngoba uwuphawu ngempela. walowo nogada omdala owashiya amandla eminyakeni engu-25 edlule.
U-AMY GOODMAN: Imibiko eminingi ithi umphakathi wamazwe omhlaba usabise u-Préval ngokumdingisa ngokwakhe uma engayithobi imiphumela emisha.
UKIM IVES: Kulungile. Ngokusobala kwakukhona ngisho nomhlangano lowo owayeyinxusa le-OAS eHaiti, umfo okuthiwa u-Seitenfus, osexoshiwe ngenxa yokungagwegwesi kwakhe, wenza u—emhlanganweni lapho empeleni babedingida indlela yokuthola indiza ezohambisa i-Préval iphume. . Ngakho-ke, u-Préval, ngemuva kokukhothamela i-US kanye ne-French kanye ne-Canadian enquma eminyakeni eyishumi edlule yobumongameli bakhe, manje uthola ukuthi uma eqala ukumelana kancane noma ezama ukwenza okuthile ngendlela yakhe, uzokhishwa ngokushesha. .
U-AMY GOODMAN: Ngakho-ke, u-Baby Doc Duvalier uza ezweni, bese eboshwa—noma uhlobo—izolo.
UKIM IVES: Awu, uhlobo lokuboshwa, yebo. Eqinisweni, okwenzekile bambuza. Isimiso sokwahlulela, yiqiniso, sihlukile eHaiti. Unakho okubizwa ngokuthi a ijaji, uhlobo oluthile lwemantshi ephenyayo, ebheka bonke ubufakazi bese inquma—kusalelwe izinyanga ezintathu zokunquma—ukuthi empeleni uzoyisa uJean-Claude enkantolo noma cha. Ngakho-ke, ungathi, ukhokhiswe kancane. Bayaphenya, kodwa empeleni ngeke aquliswe icala lapha.
U-AMY GOODMAN: Futhi nokho, u-Aristide, obelokhu ezama, ufuna ukubuyela ezweni lakubo, isazi sezombangazwe esidume kakhulu eHaiti, akakwazi ukubuya.
UKIM IVES: Kulungile. Usadingisiwe eNingizimu Afrika, kusukela lapho kwaketulwa umbuso ngoFebhuwari 29, 2004, lapho ithimba le-US Navy Seal limthumba emzini wakhe eTabarre lamyisa e-Afrika.
U-AMY GOODMAN: Sinemizuzu engaphansi kwemibili. Konke lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yezwe elicekeleke phansi. Sahamba nawe saya eHaiti ngemva nje kokuzamazama komhlaba, kwase kuba izinyanga eziyisithupha ngemva kokuzamazama komhlaba. Kuthiwani ngeHaiti namuhla? Futhi konke lokhu kuhlangana kanjani nokuntuleka kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokwakha kabusha eHaiti?
UKIM IVES: Nokho, iHaiti isewukuphela kwesizwe esigcwele amasosha eNtshonalanga Nenkabazwe. Ihlupheka ngaphansi kwemiphumela yokuzamazama komhlaba, abantu abayizigidi eziyi-1.3 abasahlala ngaphansi kwamatende nothayela. Isifo sohudo sesibulale abantu abayizi-4,000, kanti akupheli. Unezinga elimangalisayo lobubha nosizi ezweni. Ngakho-ke, ukukhathazeka okuyinhloko kwe-US akukhona konke lokhu, kodwa indlela yokubeka i-facade kulo msebenzi wezwe, indlela yokufaka abantu bayo. Futhi ngokokuqala ngqa eminyakeni engu-20, kusukela okhethweni luka-Aristide-ukhetho lokuqala ngo. 1990, banabangenele ukhetho lwe-neo-Duvalierist ababili abasethubeni lokuthatha izintambo ngalolu khetho mbumbulu. Futhi abantu bakhala ngokhetho olusha, ukuba kuchithwe ukhetho, kodwa abanalo nolukho.
U-AMY GOODMAN: Futhi imibhalo emisha ye-WikiLeaks ebonisa i-US icindezela iBrazil ukuthi futhi ivimbele u-Aristide ukuthi abuyele ekhaya?
UKIM IVES: Impela. Kade beyicindezela iBrazil. Futhi kunenye i-WikiLeak ethokozisayo ephume namuhla, ukuthi ujenene waseBrazil ngo-2006 okuthiwa wazibulala egumbini lakhe lasehhotela—
U-AMY GOODMAN: Ngaphansi kwe-MINUSTAH, amabutho e-UN.
UKIM IVES: Emabuthweni e-UN, uMINUSTAH—kwakuwukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi empeleni wabulawa. Ngangihlale nginomuzwa wokuthi kunjalo, ngoba isithombe somzimba wakhe sasibonisa ukuthi wayefunda incwadi, futhi kuyivelakancane, kimi, ukuthi unganquma ukuzibulala ngenkathi ufunda incwadi.
U-AMY GOODMAN: Yebo, sizoqhubeka nokulandela iHaiti. Kim Ives, sibonga kakhulu ngokuba nathi, intatheli I-Haiti Liberté.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela