Bernstein: Isimo siya ngokuba sibi kakhulu eHaiti, njengoba uhulumeni wobumbano ofakwe e-United States eqhubeka nokusabisa, ukuqoqa, ukubopha, ukushaya nokubulala amalungu e-Lavalas, okuyiqembu elikhulu lentando yeningi lika-Aristide, okuyiqembu eliningi lentando yeningi. Sekuphele izinsuku ezimbalwa sibika ngokuthunjwa kwabefundisi abambalwa abasekela intando yeningi abasebenza nabampofu eHaiti. Phakathi kwalabo abaqoqiwe bahudulelwa phandle phambi kwezingane ababezondla kubalwa uFata Gerard Jean-Juste, isazi senhlangano yentando yeningi yaseHaiti, kanye nomngane oseduze kaMongameli waseHaiti okhethwe ngokusemthethweni, uJean Bertrand Aristide, owake wakhethwa. , uyakhumbula, wathunjwa uhulumeni waseU.S. Njengoba siya emoyeni uJean-Juste usaboshiwe futhi inhlangano elwela intando yeningi isimi ngomumo ukwenza imibhikisho emikhulu naphezu kwezinsongo ezivela kuhulumeni wase-U.S. Ukusijoyina kwakamuva ngesimo yi-Flashpoints intatheli ekhethekile emhlabathini uKevin Pina; usePort au Prince, wamukelekile futhi u-Kevin.
Pina: Ngiyabonga Dennis.
Bernstein: Kuhle ukuba nawe. Okokuqala nje, yini esiyaziyo ngabapristi abathunjiwe?
Pina: Hhayi-ke, ababili babo, kusobala, bakhululwe izolo, oyedwa osaboshiwe nguFata Gerard Jean-Juste. Uhulumeni wase-US osekelwa uLatortue usola uFata Jean-Juste ngokufukamela izigebengu kanye nokungeniswa kwezibhamu kwamanye amazwe, amacala akholelwa ukuthi ayinto ehlekisayo. Futhi, ngizomcaphuna; wathi รขโฌหwonke umuntu ongaziyo uyazi ukuthi ngingumuntu ongenalo udlame.รขโฌโข Impela kuthuse umphakathi lapha nasemhlabeni jikelele. Abantu bashaqekile futhi bathukuthele kulo lonke elase-United States. Uma lo hulumeni osekela uBush wayefuna ukwenza noma yini ukugqugquzela umphakathi waseHaiti ukuthi uzame ukumvotela ukuthi aphume esikhundleni, ngokuqinisekile bakwenza lokho ngokuboshwa kukaBaba uGerard Jean-Juste.
Uhulumeni namuhla wayishintsha futhi indaba yakhe. Izolo bebethi isizathu sokuba babophe uJean-Juste [ukuthi] bebesanda kuya khona beyombuza. Bazungeza, njengoba sibikile, ihhovisi lakhe liphethe izibhamu ezinkulu, amadoda agqoke izifihla-buso, izifihla-buso ezimnyama nezibhamu ezinkulu ezingazazisi, ezazimethusa njengoba esebenzela izingane ebandleni lakhe. Babe sebethi ngemuva kokuthi izixhwanguxhwangu zangakubo zihlasele amaphoyisa zabe sezithatha isinqumo sokumbopha. Baphinde bashintsha indaba yabo namuhla bathi empeleni banencwadi egunyaza ukuboshwa ezandleni zabo ngaphambi kokuba baye emagcekeni. Kuyathakazelisa ngempela ukubuka laba bafana bekhasa futhi beshibilika njengoba lokhu kuqhubeka. Ngokusobala babamba ukushisa okuningi.
UBernstein: Bachaza kanjani imaski, kungani beye lapho bephethe imaski emnyama ebusweni babo?
UPina: Hhayi-ke, yilokho abakwenzayo kulo lonke elasenhlokodolobha kulezi zinsuku. Njalo uma amaphoyisa eqala inhlangano awahambi ayozikhomba; bayangena, ngeke ukwazi ukubatshela kubashokobezi, futhi abantu abaningi lapha sebebabiza ngamaphekula manje, ngendlela abangena ngayo begqoke izifihla-buso ezimnyama, okungaziwa, izingubo zabantu kanye nezibhamu ezinkulu. Kuyinto esabekayo kakhulu ukubuka laba bafana bedlala. Nanamuhla bekunemibhikisho naphezu kokuthi inhlokodolobha icishe yavalwa osomabhizinisi. Umphakathi wamabhizinisi ubize amaphekula akwaLavalas, futhi ucele wonke amabhizinisi nezikole ukuthi zivalele iminyango namuhla ubhikishela uLavalas futhi ukuze umise uLavalas ekufuneni ukubuyiswa kuka-Aristide futhi namuhla. Khumbula namuhla isikhumbuzo seminyaka eyi-10 sokubuya kuka-Aristide ngo-1994 ehola amasosha ase-US angu-20,000, enziwa nguMongameli uBill Clinton kulokho okwakubizwa ngaleso sikhathi ngokuthi รขโฌหukusebenza Buyisela Intando Yeningi.รขโฌโข
Usuku lwaqala kabi kakhulu ngoba ngokushesha kwaba nemibiko yamasosha angaphambili iNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene kanye nohulumeni wase-US abavumele ukungena enhlokodolobha ezinsukwini ezimbili ezedlule. Kube nemibiko entathakusa yokuthi bangene e-La Saline, okuyindawo yabantu abampofu e-pro-Aristide ezansi neDelmas 2, bavulele ngenhlamvu bebhekise kubantu, bathi sebeqalile ukuvala izivimbamgwaqo eRoute. Frere, kwenye ingxenye yenhloko-dolobha. Ngokushesha ngemva kokuzwa lezi zindaba abantu baseBel Air basukuma, izinkulungwane nezinkulungwane zabantu zaqala ukubhikisha emigwaqweni zifuna u-Aristide abuye. Amaphoyisa Esizwe SaseHaiti abe esezama ukungena endaweni. Badubula bezama ukuhlakaza isixuku. Kubikwa ukuthi oshayasibhamu abambalwa abebesophahleni lwendlu nasezindaweni ezizungezile baphindisele ngenhlamvu kanti Amaphoyisa Esizwe SaseHaiti aphoqeleka ukuthi ahlehle ngokushesha.
Bernstein: U-Pina ukhuluma nathi phansi ePort au Prince, eHaiti lapho inhlangano esekela intando yeningi empeleni isilungele ukuba nombhikisho wokucela ukubuyiselwa kwentando yeningi noMongameli oqokwe ngokusemthethweni uJean Bertrand Aristide. Uhulumeni wase-U.S. ofakiwe kukhona ingcindezelo esongelayo, esongela ukuvala idolobha; avula, anika izihluthulelo zemizi kumabutho abulalayo, kumabutho angaphambili; abanye balaba bafana balahlwe amacala asabekayo. Kevin, ngifuna ukubuyela kuBaba uJean-Juste isikhashana. Ngifuna ukukhuluma kancane ngaye nangendlela abamlebula ngayo bese bemhlasela. Futhi ngifuna uze ngalezi zindlela ezimbili: okokuqala, ngifuna usho okwengeziwe ngoBaba uJean-Juste nokuthi wayenzani mayelana nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi รขโฌหuMnyango Weshumiรขโฌโข. eHaiti, ekudingisweni kwakhe, bese ekhumbuza abantu ukuthi benze kanjani into efanayo futhi baqhubeke nokwenza into efanayo kuMongameli u-Aristide, ngokwamacala angakholakali; bavele babakhiphe bese bebajikijela ngaphandleรขโฌยฆfuthi lokho okwenziwa abezindaba abajwayelekile kanye ne-NPR ukuthi baphinda amacala ngaphandle kwencazelo noma bavele bangakukhavi nhlobo ukubulawa.
U-Pina: Ngemva kokuketulwa umbuso okunonya kwamasosha ngo-1991, uBaba uGerard Jean-Juste waba nesibindi mayelana nokubhekana nezempi, ekukhuthazeni abantu ukuthi basebenzise ukuphikiswa okungenalo udlame ukuze babhekane namasosha. Ngenkathi abantu abaningi bebalekela ekudingisweni, uBaba uJean-Juste wanxusa abantu ukuthi bahlale futhi babhekane nezempi futhi yilapho isithunzi sakhe somphefumulo onesibindi kwakhiwa khona. Yena ngokwakhe wahlupheka kakhulu phakathi naleso sikhathi, abaningi babangane bakhe abathandekayo babulawa, njalo kwakudingeka ahambe ngenkathi amasosha ezama ukumthungatha, azingele. Wakhashelwa izikhathi eziningi ngabantu kodwa wakwazi ukusindiswa futhi wakhuthazwa futhi wasizwa ngabanye ababemgcina, bamvikela.
Ngemva kokubuya kuka-Aristide ngo-1994, waba nguNgqongqoshe woMnyango Weshumi. UMnyango Weshumi yi-Diaspora ngokuyisisekelo, abantu baseHaiti abahlala phesheya. Kuleyo ndima wayesize ekwakheni amanethiwekhi abantu baseHaiti ngaphakathi e-United States ababezosebenza ngokuzimisela ukuze bakhe kabusha iHaiti, ababezosebenza ngokuzikhandla ukuze bakhuthaze izinhlelo zokufunda nokubhala. Impela ubengelinye lamazwi anomsindo kakhulu ekhulumela ukufunda nokubhala, ukufunda nokubhala jikelele kwabalimi baseHaiti. Umuntu nje owenze umsebenzi oncomekayo ngokuzibonakalisa izikhathi eziningi ngokuzinikela kwakhe kwabampofu nokuzibophezela ekuthuthukisweni nasekuthuthukeni kuleli. Yebo ukuhlasela kuyaqhubeka ngokumelene naye, ukubulawa komlingiswa kuyaqhubeka ngokumelene naye, nanamuhla.
Indoda engumshicileli we-rag yaseHaiti ephiko lwesokudla, okwakuyizwi lebutho laseHaitiรขโฌยฆngonyaka ka-1991 yabiza iHaiti Observateur, igama layo nguRaymond Joseph, yabe isiba yintatheli neNew York Sun, wabe eseba yintatheli neNew York Sun. eklonyeliswa ngamanga aluhlaza awazinikele ekusizeni ukuthunaza lo hulumeni ngaphambi kokuxoshwa kuka-Aristide, wabe eseba umphathi wehhovisi leNxusa laseHaiti eWashington futhi usekuleso sikhundla nanamuhla. Usanda kukhipha esinye isihloko ku-New York Sun namuhla, ngiyazi ukuthi ulwazi luvela kuye, esola uJean-Juste ngokubhala isihloko lapho athi uMongameli uBill Clinton wayekhuthazwe ngu-Aristide ukuthi asebenzise umpristi we-voodoo ukuze anqobe. ukhetho, ukukhethwa kabusha kwakhe, kanye nokuthi uClinton wayengazishintshi izingubo zakhe zangaphansi isonto lonke ngokweseluleko sompristi wakhe we-voodoo u-Aristide ayemboleke yena ukuze awine umkhankaso wakhe wokhetho ngo-1992., ukuqokwa kabusha kukaBill Clinton.
Yilezi zinhlobo zamanga u-Raymond Joseph kanye ne-Haiti Observateur kanye nezinye izici zomphakathi ophikisayo we-right-wing e-Haiti abaqhubeka namuhla ngokumelene noBaba uJean-Juste futhi ngokuqinisekile bayingxenye yalokho okuqinisa lo hulumeni okwamanje. lesi senzo esibi sokumbopha nokumfaka ejele namuhla. Lawa ngamacala ahlaza; UJean-Juste wayengeke ahlanganise lutho nokuthinta izibhamu; Lo mlisa ngimazi mathupha kusukela ngo-1991 futhi ngingakutshela ukuthi ngokusekelwe ekuzinikeleni kwakhe kwabampofu futhi ngokusekelwe ekuzibophezeleni kwakhe ekungabini nodlame, ukuthi kubonakala kuyinhlekisa ukuzama ukumbeka lelo cala. Ngisanda kusho enye into eyodwa ngalokho engikushilo ekuqaleni. Namuhla, ukuvalwa kwenhloko-dolobha okwabizwa umphakathi wezamabhizinisi, i-Haitian Chamber of Commerce, kufanele ngisho nokuthi lokho kuvalwa kwasekelwa yiNxusa laseMelika, eliphinde lavala futhi lavala iminyango yalo namuhla. Izakhamizi ezimbalwa zase-US bezithukuthele kakhulu ngokuvalwa kweNxusa laseMelika, โngokubumbanaโ nomphakathi wamabhizinisi waseHaiti namuhla, ngoba zathi uma kufanele siphume ngenxa yodlame olwandayo eHaiti futhi uhulumeni wethu wavalwa. khombisa ukugunyaza kwayo kosomabhizinisi.
Isimo lapha siphume esandleni ngempela futhi ngicabanga ukuthi amagama kuphela ongawasebenzisa njengamanje ukuthi leli yizwe elilungele impi yombango. Lokhu ngeke kudlule, lokhu kuzokhula ezinsukwini, amasonto nezinyanga ezizayo. Uhulumeni owesekwa yi-US uthi lokhu kwenziwa nje ukuzama ukuphoxa uBush ukuze anqobe uBush futhi anikeze uKerry ithuba. Nokho, noma ngabe uMongameli Bush ewina, ngokusekelwe olwazini lwami lwalokho okwenzeka emigwaqweni namuhla lapha eHaiti, lokhu ngeke kuphele noma ngabe uMongameli Bush kufanele aphinde awine lolo khetho.
Bernstein: [รขโฌยฆ] Kevin, uchithe isikhathi esiningi e-Haiti futhi ubulapho eHaiti uzokwenza idokhumentari ngo-1990 mayelana nentando yeningi entsha ekhulayo ngemuva kokhetho lukaJean Bertrand Aristide futhi wagcina ngokumthwebula ekhishwa. ngozankosi. Ngifuna abantu baqonde ukuthi singakanani isikhathi nokuthi usuwubuke kanjani lo mjikelezo ekugcineni, ngaphambi kokuthi sidlulele e-Iraq nasePalestine, eminye emibili ehlobene ne-U.S., noma imisebenzi yase-U.S. uma uthanda. Sitshele isimo mayelana nokudla, ezokwelapha, kafushane nje, siyini, uhlobo, isimo esiphuthumayo phansi? Yiziphi izinkathazo ezinkulu zabantu abasebenza emkhakheni wezokwelapha, ezikoleni, kwenzekani kulelo zinga lomgwaqo?
UPina: Ngizokutshela, namuhla inkinga enkulu ukuthi njengoba abantu bebedutshulwa emigwaqweni, njengoba ngike ngasho phambilini, ngamasosha angaphambili eDelmas 2 naseLa Saline, futhi njengoba bekunezisulu eziqale ukwanda, njengoba amaphoyisa abe nempi yezibhamu eBel Air kunezidumbu ebeziyiswa emakhazeni. Amakhaza ayegcwele, yayingasekho indawo emakhazeni. Isibhedlela iGeneral Hospital kudingeke ukuthi sibize uMnyango Wezempilo namuhla ukuze sifune izimoto zezimo eziphuthumayo ukuthi zikhiphe izidumbu ezingaphezu kuka-600 ebezigcinwe lapho, ebezilokhu ziphuma kulokhu kubulawa emasontweni amabili edlule kuphela. Lokho kusho ukuthi kungakanani ukubulala obekwenzeka lapha emigwaqweni yaseHaiti okungakabikwa/kubikwe futhi okungake kukhulunywe ngakho. Hhayi-ke, i-AP ibilokhu icaphuna amaphoyisa ethi bangu-140 kuphela abantu asebeboshiwe. Namuhla, uhulumeni uvumile ukuthi amakhulu aboshiwe futhi njengamanje agcwalisa amajele nokuthi amajele agcwele kakhulu ukuthi angafaka iziboshwa ezengeziwe. Yilokho okwenzeka kwingqalasizinda yaseHaiti namuhla.
Izinga lengcindezelo, isibalo sokubulawa kwabantu, isibalo sababoshiwe sesenze kanzima uhlelo kwaze kwagqashuka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ayikho impilo evamile lapha. Lesi simo esadalwa ukuketulwa kukaMengameli wentando yeningi u-Aristide asizange sitholwe abaphathi bakaBush. Abakwenza ngokuyisisekelo kwakuwukushintsha ababekubheka โnjengesimo esihlulekileโ bafaka isimo esehlulekile ngisho nakakhulu. Impela, ngeke sisho ukuthi ukwesekwa kwabo okubizwa ngokuthi abaphikisi, futhi kufanele ngisho lokhu, ake ngingene ngokushesha okukhulu: okwenzeka kuLavalas namuhla, angikaze, eminyakeni emine edlule ukuthi Ngangilapha, kuhlanganise nokubonisa okunamandla kakhulu, okunodlame kakhulu kwabaphikisayo, angikaze ngibone uMbuso ngaphansi kukaJean Bertrand Aristide wenza noma yini kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukuphikiswa, noma yini efana nalokho okwenziwa kuLavalas namuhla. Abaphikisi baka-Aristide ngaleso sikhathi babiza u-Aristide ngondlovukayiphikiswa. Hhayi-ke namuhla kubonakala sengathi kukhona isiprofetho esizigcwalisayo. Namuhla angikaze ngibone iHaiti elahlekelwe inkululeko yokukhuluma kanjena; Angikaze ngiyibone iHaiti ephucwe inkululeko yomphakathi kangaka, njengoba ngibona namuhla. Angikaze ngibone ngaleyo minyaka ukuthi bathi u-Aristide wayengundlovukayiphikiswa umkhankaso wokucindezelwa okufana nalokhu engikubona kukhushulwa namuhla ngokumelene noLavalas. Futhi ngicabanga ukuthi abantu abalandele lokhu bangalizwa ezwini lamiรขโฌยฆakuchazeki ukukhuluma ngaleli qiniso ngokwengqondo. Okungokoqobo kwaphenduka ikhanda, futhi kungumphumela oqondile wezinqubomgomo ezihlulekile zokuphatha kukaBush eHaiti.
Bernstein: Kulungile, sizokushiya khona lapho. Kevin Pina sizokunxusa ukuthi uqaphele, ngoba siyazi ukuthi ukusikrini se-radar lapho, sikahulumeni ofakiwe wase-U.S., futhi siyazi ukuthi unengane encane kakhulu lapho, ngakho-ke siyakunxusa ukuthi qaphela. Sibheke ngabomvu ukuthi uzovakashela lapha; Sizobe sikhuluma ndawonye, โโngiyakholwa, esontweni lendawoรขโฌยฆkodwa Kevin ngicela uqaphele
Pina: Ngizokwenza njalo, futhi uNkulunkulu ababusise bonke abangane bami
UBernstein: Ngiyabonga. U-Kevin Pina ekhuluma nathi evela ePort au Prince, eHaiti lapho isimo sikhona, kuhle, esinye isibonelo senqubomgomo kaBush.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela