Khohlwa uBernie Madoff kanye noKen Lay ka-Enron—babeyizimfundamakhwela nje ebugebengwini bezezimali. Ihlazo lamanje lenzalo ye-Libor, elibandakanya amakhulu ezigidigidi ekuhwebeni okuphuma kwamanye amazwe, libonisa ukuthi abafana abakhulu ngempela badlala kanjani. Futhi laba bafana ngeke basenze isikhathi ngoba uhlobo lwabo lubhala kabusha umthetho ngaphambi kokwenza ubugebengu.
Omabhange banamuhla bamazwe ngamazwe bakha isigaba samasela okungakaze kubonwe umhlaba ngaphambili. Noma, ngempela, wacabanga. Ihlazo ngeLibor—elifushane ngenani elinikezwayo laseLondon interbank—kubangele inhlawulo enkulu kuBarclays Bank futhi kusabisa ngokubamba osozimali abaphambili emhlabeni. Iveza ukuthi ngemuva kwesakhiwo sezezimali emhlabeni kukhona imfucumfucu yenkohlakalo engakaze ibonwe. Abaphangi bosuku lwanamuhla baphanga ngokulahla okulimazayo okungavinjelwe ngokuphelele umthetho noma unembeza nangezinga okucishe kungenzeki ukuliqonda.
Ungasichaza kanjani isinxephezelo samaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-450 sebhange elilodwa ukuzivikela kwalo, ekuxoxisaneni kwesicelo nabalawuli eLondon naseWashington, ukuthi zonke izikhungo ezisembuthanweni wazo wezezimali ophakeme zazikwenza? Akuyona nje iBarclays kuphela kodwa noJPMorgan Chase, Citigroup nabanye manje abaphenywayo ngezinsolo zokukhwabanisa izinga le-Libor, elibaluleke kakhulu emakethe ephuma ku-$700 trillion.
Ebanjwe njengenyamazane edla izindwani emalambuni, uSihlalo weBarclays uRobert E. Diamond Jr. wesulile kuleli sonto futhi wanikeza ukuzivikela ePhalamende laseBrithani ukuthi usanda kuthola ukuthi ibhange lakhe lalixhaphaza inkomba lapho ingxenye enkulu kangaka yohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. kusekelwe. Lokho kubonakala kuphela uma sicabanga ukuthi wayekhokhelwa u-$ 10 million ngonyaka ukuze angazi ngamabomu. I-Wall Street Journal yayilidalule ngokugcwele leli hlazo eminyakeni emine edlule kodwa ibhange lakhe laqhubeka nokubamba iqhaza kukho noma kunjalo.
“Ucwaningo Lubangela Ukungabaza Ngezinga Eliyinhloko” kwakuyisihloko esikhulu sombiko wophenyo wango-May 29, 2008, owaphetha ngokuthi: “Amabhange amakhulu anesandla ekuziphatheni okuguquguqukayo kwesilinganiso esibalulekile sokuboleka imali emhlabeni wonke, kubonisa ukuhlaziya i-Wall Street Journal.” Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, ngokombiko, kwakwaziwa ukuthi izinga likaLibor lalisetshenziswa “ukwenza sengathi amabhange enza kangcono kunasezimeni ezinzima zenkinga yezimali.”
Phambili iminyaka emine ebufakazini bukaDayimane phambi kwePhalamende kuleli sonto lapho i-CEO ithi ukutholakala kwayo kwakamuva kwephethini yokuxhashazwa yiBarclays kumenze "wagula ngokomzimba." Ubani owayenecala? Ngokusho kwesikhulu, izikhulu ezisebenza ngemuva kwakhe.
Usomabhizinisi ongowokuzalwa eMelika, onezakhamuzi ezimbili e-United States naseBrithani, wazi kahle ngezezimali, njengoba eqale ngokuhlanganisa amaphakheji e-Credit Suisse First Boston emuva ngo-1996. Waphoqeleka ngaphansi kwemibuzo ePhalamende ngoLwesithathu ukuthi avume lokho “Ngeke ngihlale lapha ngithi akekho embonini [obazi] ngezinkinga zeLibor. Bekukhona udaba futhi bekumele kusingathwe kabanzi ngalo.”
Akakwazanga ukuphika ubucwebe obusabalele ebhange lakhe ngoba, njengasekubhidlikeni kwe-Enron eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, abaphenyi bathola irekhodi le-imeyili lokukhohlisa kwemakethe kangangokuthi uma abaphathi abaphezulu bengazi, kwakungenxa yokuthi babengafuni. yazi.
Njengoba i-New York Times yabhala: “Ubufakazi, obacashunwa uMnyango Wezobulungisa—iBarclays eyavumelana nabo ‘buyiqiniso futhi bunembile’—buyingozi. ‘Ngijabule njalo ukusiza,’ esinye isisebenzi sabhala ku-imeyili ngemva kokucelwa ukuba sihambise imininingwane engamanga. ‘Uma wazi ukuthi ungayigcina kanjani imfihlo, ngizokuletha kuyo,’ kubhala umhwebi weBarclays ebhekise kumhwebi kwelinye ibhange, ekhuluma ngamasu abo okuzuza bobabili. Uma lokho kungelona uzungu kanye nokulungiswa kwentengo, kuyini?”
UMnyango Wezobulungiswa wase-US wenze isivumelwano ne-Barclays, futhi nakuba ungase ushushise abantu abathile kulo mkhonyovu, uvumile ukuthi ngeke ulandele ibhange ngokwalo. "Isivumelwano esinjalo sinengqondo kuphela uma lokho kubambisana kuzovumela abashushisi ukuthi babethelele amanye amabhange abe nesandla ekubekeni amanani, okuhlanganisa namacala okungenzeka abhekene neCitigroup, JPMorgan Chase kanye ne-HSBC ...," kusho umhleli we-Times.
Bobabili i-Citigroup kanye ne-JPMorgan Chase babikwa yi-Wall Street Journal eminyakeni edlule ukuze basolwe ngokukhohlisa izinga lenzalo yaseLibor. Abaholi balawo mabhange, naphezu kokuvezwa okunjalo kwabezindaba, ngokusobala bahlala beqiniseka ngokwanele ukuba baqhubeke nendlela yabo yokujabula.
Iqiniso elidabukisayo liwukuthi cishe bayogwema. Izwe lezimali eziphezulu ngokuklama liyinto engaqondakali futhi ecacile njengoba ababhange kanye nabasekeli babo bezombangazwe bengakwazi ukukwenza, futhi ngisho nalokhu kuqhekeka kwakamuva ekuvikeleni kwabo ukukhohlisa kuzoqedwa maduze.
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Nikela