Ngemuva kokungqubuzana kwakhe noGandhi mayelana nombuzo we-caste/Dalit, u-BRAmbedkar, kamuva owaba umakhi omkhulu wokwakhiwa koMthethosisekelo waseNdiya, wayenqume, kusukela ngo-1935โunyaka okwaphasiswa ngawo uMthetho KaHulumeni waseNdiyaโukushiya amaHindu. goqa.
Ngemva kokuhlaziya okucatshangelwe ngokujulile kokuqukethwe kwezenhlalo yazo zonke izinkolo ezinkulu zenkolo, u-Ambedkar wakhetha inkolo yobuBuddha njengehange elifaneleka kakhulu lezenhlalo/ngokomoya ngenxa yokwenqatshwa okusobala kumaBuddha. UDhama yazo zonke izakhiwo zokungalingani phakathi kwesintu. Futhi emashumini amabili eminyaka agcwele ngemva kwesinqumo sakhe sokuqala sokulahla ubuHindu, ngo-Okthoba 14, 1956, le ndoda edabukile yabacindezelwe yenza izifungo zayo eNagpur kanye namaDalits angaba ngu-3,80,000, usuku lokuguquka kwakhe ekhumbula ukuguqulwa kweNkosi yaseMaurya, U-Ashok, eBuddhism ngemva kokucasuka kwakhe ekubulaweni kwabantu empini yaseKalinga, ekhulwini lesithathu BC.
Kumelwe kube yinto exakayo ukuthi ikhulunyaka eligcwele ngemva kokuguqulwa kuka-Ambedkar ufuduko olukhulu olulandelayo lwamaDalits ebuHindu kufanele ngabe lwenzekile ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule ezweni laseModitva/Hindutva eJunagarh eGujarat. Kulo mcimbi, abangaba ngu-100,000 XNUMX benza izifungo zabo zobuBuddha, ezihlanganisa nokusho ngokucacile kwabaguqukile ukuthi โuRam noKrishna ababona onkulunkulu (bethu).โ
Ngokusobala, lokhu kwenqatshwa kwenqwaba yobuHindu akwenzekanga kwezinye izifundazwe zaseNdiya lapho kwenziwa khona izimangalo ezingasho lutho โzobuzwe bamaHindu,โ kodwa esifundazweni esisodwa saseGujarat lapho ngaphansi kukaModi esiye safuna iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi ukuhlanganisa iHindutva. Ukukhumbula nje, esikhathini esingeside kakhulu esedlule, uModi wazichaza ngokungenankinga ngokuthi โungumHindu wesizwe,โ eshiya abaningi bezibuza ukuthi ingabe abanye bangase bazichaze โnjengabashisekeli bobuzwe bamaSulumane noma abangamaKristu noma amaSikhโ ngaphandle kokubangela ukuba ama-Hindutva akhuphuke.
Iqiniso elimsulwa ukuthi ubuzwe be-Hindutva buhlala bugxilile ngokungenakuzisola emithethweni yobuholi besigaba. Ngakho-ke, i-hype nenjabulo ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuguqulwa kwaseJunagarh kuye kwaletha ukukhanya okuvamile lokho abahlaziyi abaningi abaye bakuphikisa kuyo yonke inkathi kaModiโukuthi i-Hindutva juggernaut yakhe ayikaze ibe nendawo kuyo yabacindezelwe kakhulu phakathi kwamaHindu. Ingasaphathwa ecindezelwe kakhulu phakathi kwamaSulumane, amaKristu, noma aboHlanga abaqhuba izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-Animism.
Ubufakazi balokhu bubhalwe ngokungenakuphikiswa ngamagama kaModi.
Ngo-2007 uhulumeni waseGujarat wakhipha iqoqo lezinkulumo zikaModi ezinikezwa izikhulu ze-Indian Administrative Service Official (IAS) ngezikhathi ezithile. Incwadi (sic) yayinesihloko esifundisayo I-Karmyog.
Futhi kuleyo ncwadi (amakhasi 48-49) nansi indlela uModi akhuluma ngayo embuzweni wokungathinteki kanye nokuhlanzwa ngesandla nge-oda eliphansi lamaDalits, elibizwa. Valmikis:
โAngikholwa ukuthi lo msebenzi bebewenza ukuze baziphilise. Ukube bekunjalo, bebengeke baqhubeke nalolu hlobo lomsebenzi isizukulwane ngesizukulwaneโฆEsikhathini esithile, othile kufanele athole ukukhanyiselwa ukuthi kuwumsebenzi wakhe ukusebenzela injabulo yawo wonke umphakathi kanye nawoNkulunkulu; ukuthi kufanele benze lo msebenzi abawunikwe oNkulunkulu; nokuthi lo msebenzi wokuhlanza kufanele uqhubeke njengomsebenzi ongokomoya wangaphakathi amakhulu eminyaka. Lokhu bekufanele kuqhubeke isizukulwane ngesizukulwane. Akunakwenzeka ukukholelwa ukuthi okhokho babo babengenakuzikhethela ukukhetha omunye umsebenzi noma ibhizinisi.โ
Leyo mizwa evela kumuntu ophikweni olufanele imakethe ematasatasa njengengcweti yeminyaka emisha enezimpendulo ezihlakaniphile, zesimanje kuzo zonke izinkinga zase-India. Ngokusobala, ukulingana kwezenhlalo ngaphakathi kohlelo lwenkolo yamaHindu akuyona ingxenye yaleso sikhathi samanje. Hhayi ukuthi noma yiziphi zalezo zimpendulo bezilokhu ziyeza.
Isimemezelo sikaModi ngalolu daba (ngenhla) sabikwa kabanzi emithonjeni yezindaba ngo-2007, sadala isiphithiphithi, ikakhulukazi eTamil Nadu lapho kwashiswa khona imifanekiso kaModi, okwenza uModi wayala ukuba kuhoxiswe amakhophi ale ncwadi angaba ngu-5000. Akukhona ukuthi ukwenyanya okudumile kwabangela noma yikuphi ukucabanga kabusha kulo mHindu i-samrat (inkosi).
Eminyakeni emibili nje kamuva, kwakufanele aqhathanise umsebenzi wokugebha ngezandla nokuhlanzwa kwamagceke ethempeli okwenziwa abapristi bamaHindu. Akumangalisi ukuthi kulesi simo esiyimodeli โyentuthukoโ lapho amabhizinisi ezimboni kanye namabhizinisi aseNdiya edonswa khona kangaka, ngempela amanye avela emhlabeni we-anglo-saxon nawo, asaqhuba ukungathinteki ngezinga elibanzi kakhulu; ezigodini eziyi-1589, ama-98% akwenza lokho (ucwaningo lwe-NGO, I-Navsarian) ngaphandle kwesithiyo esincane sokuphatha noma somthetho esivela kuhulumeni ophoqelekile ngokomthetho ukusebenzisa izinhlinzeko eziqinile ze Umthetho Ohleliwe Wokuhlukaniswa Kwezizwe kanye Nezizwe Ezihleliwe (Ukuvimbela Unya). kubasebenzi bokungathinteki kanye nokucwasa ngokwehlukana kwazo zonke izinhlobo.
Muva nje ngoMeyi, 2013, umbiko oxhaswe yisifunda saseGujarat, 'Umthelela Wokucwasa Ngokwezigaba kanye Nokwehlukaniswa Emathubeni Alinganayo; Isifundo seGujarat' iveza izenzo zokucwasa ngokwezigaba njengezindaba "zokubona."
Kuyamangaza-ke ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwabantu abaningi eJunagarh bekufanele kwenzeke.
Umbuzo omkhulu: hlobo luni lwamaHindu olumele uModi? Futhi yiziphi izifundo ezingafundwa abanye abalingiswa abangazalwa kabili eGujarat kulokho okwenzeka eJunagarh kanye nekhwalithi nokuqukethwe kokuhunyushwa kukaModi embuzweni wamasiko nemikhuba yesigaba? La maqiniso angavunyelaniswa kanjani nesimangalo sokuthi uModi uyingcweti yehhashi elimhlophe ubuHindu obukade belifuna?
Okabani ubuHindu, thandaza?
Sitshelwa nsuku zonke ngabashicileli bomshoshaphansi eziteshini zikamabonakude zezinkampani e-India ukuthi โintshaโ manje isidlulele ku-Modi ngokuphelele (Ungabuzi ukuthi ikwazi kanjani lokhu; ivele yenza). Ngokusobala, โintshaโ lapha ihlanganisa iphesenti elincane lezakhamuzi ezisencane zaseNdiya ezihlomule kakhulu ezinqubweni zezomnotho ze-neo-liberal zikahulumeni waseNdiya kusukela ku-Washington Consensus. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nale nkulumo-ze โyentshaโ yaseNdiya engahambisani ngokuphelele nokuphazamiseka โkwezombangazweโ nomsebenzi omkhulu wokwenza imali ingase ifune ukucabangela okuqukethwe โkwesimanjemanjeโ uModi nabasakazi bakhe abakunikezayo.
Ngempela ukubheka ukuthi umphakathi โokhululekileโ ngokwenkolelo yokusungula nokwandisa inzuzo ungaphila ngokujabula ndawonye ngokuhleleka komphakathi okubolile ngokuphelele futhi โokungakhululekileโ njengoba ubufakazi bukaModi Gujarat ngokugunyazwa okuphelele okusemthethweni.
Umbuzo ongase ulethe ekucubungulweni kokufinyelelwa okuncane kanye nezimangalo ezincane zobuchwepheshe ezifuna ukumboza umhlaba wangempela ngokucwebezela, ubukhazikhazi, kanye ne-hype ye-sexy, okunye okubonakalayo okunobuhle okuhloselwe ukukhuluphalisa amakati akhuluphele ngaphezu kwalokho, kushiye ukuvota. izixuku zokuhambela izindawo ezingcwele eziya ezindaweni ezikude lapho onkulunkulu besusa khona abanenhlanhla ngokungenelela kwezinhlekelele zemvelo.
Ukhetho Lukazwelonke lwase-India lwango-2014 lungase lube inkundla yokuhlola ezinye zalezi zingqinamba.
Qaphela:
Ngezingxenye zalesi sihloko, ngikweleta izingxenye ze-athikili ye-Subash Gatade, enesihloko esithi, U-Modi Ukubheka Kanjani Ukungathinteki? Okwavela ku Kashmir Times ka-Okthoba, 10, 2013.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
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