Ngezinjongo zokuhlola kanye nenkulumo-mpikiswano noMichael Albert. Yonke inkulumo-mpikiswano ingatholakala lapha.
Akunzima ukukholisa abantu abaningi ukuthi kukhona okungalungile ngomphakathi. Lokho kusigqolozela ebusweni okuvela ephephandabeniโumkhankaso owesabekayo obheke empini nodlame; ukonakala kohlelo lwezomnotho oluhlelwe ngokuhaha kwezinkampani; abaholi bezombusazwe abanobuso obubili emaphaketheni ezinkampani.
Ubunzima ukuvumelana ngokuthi yini ngempela engalungileโfuthi nakakhulu, ukuthi yini okufanele yenziwe ngakho. Ingabe umphakathi ungashintshwa? Hlobo luni loshintsho? Ubani owayezokwenza ushintsho? Ngaziphi izindlela?
Empeleni, kubantu abazibheka njengabangakwesokunxele-okuhlanganisa, ngingabheja, abantu abaningi abafunda le mpikiswano, njengoba uzobe uyilandelele ku-ZNet noma Usonhlalonhle Ku-inthanethiโmhlawumbe sinezimpendulo ezifanayo. Ngokwesibonelo, phakathi kwami โโnoMichael Albert, ngicabanga ukuthi kuningi ukuvumelana. Sabelana ngakho kokubili ukugxeka ngonxiwankulu kanye nokuzibophezela emzabalazweni wokulwa nobubha, ingcindezelo kanye nokungabi nabulungiswa. Futhi sinombono ofanayo wokuthi umphakathi wesikhathi esizayo ungase ubukeke kanjani.
Noma kunjalo, le mpikiswano mayelana nokufaneleka kwe-Marxism isithole sihlukene kakhulu. Ngokwemvelo, uMichael wagxila ezindaweni lapho angavumelani khona, futhi angivumelani nokugxeka kwakhe. Noma kunjalo, ngicabanga ukuthi ingxoxo ibe wusizo, ngoba ingasiza ekucaciseni izindaba ezihilelekile ukuze abanye bazihlulele. Futhi kuwukuncoma kukaMichael ukuthi uthathe lokhu kushintshisanaโikakhulukazi ngenxa yokushoda kwanoma iyiphi ingxoxo ejulile yemibono namasu, i-Marxist noma okunye, kwesokunxele.
Okufike kwangicacela kakhulu phakathi nengxoxo ukuthi umehluko phakathi kwethu uncike kangakanani ekuqondeni kwethu iMarxism. Sobabili sibonakala siqala ekuzinikeleni emibonweni efanayo, njengentando yeningi nenkululeko. Ngicabanga ukuthi i-Marxism, kokubili njengethuluzi lokuhlaziya umphakathi kanye nombono womzabalazo wabasebenzi kanye noguquko olunikezayo, iwukuhlakaza lezi zibopho. UMichael ucabanga ukuthi iMarxism, nakuba inkulumo-ze yayo ingase izwakale iyinhle, ekugcineni isekela izithakazelo โzomxhumanisiโ elite.
Ngiphikise isikhathi eside eminikelo edlule ukuthi kungani ngingavumelani. Kodwa ngalezi zitatimende zokuphetha, mina noMichael sanquma ukugxila esitatimendeni esihle sezikhundla zethu. Ngakho-ke ngifuna ukubuyela endleleni ama-Marxists aphendula ngayo umbuzo othi โkwenziwani ngakhoโโngaphezu kwakho konke, ukuzibophezela kweMarxism enkululekweni nasemandleni ezisebenzi, okwazuzwa ngesenzo seningi lesigaba sabasebenzi uqobo lwaso.
Umgomo wokuzikhulula
Izimpikiswano mayelana ne-Marxism kanye ne-socialism ngokuvamile ziye zehlela embuzweni wencazelo yamagama-ngisho nangaleso sikhathi sika-Karl Marx. Eqinisweni, iMarxism yaba uhlobo oluhlukile lwe-socialism ngokwengxenye njengempendulo kulokho uMarx nozakwabo uFrederick Engels ababekholelwa ukuthi kwakuwukungafaneleki kwezinye izinkolelo-mbono zesocialism.
Ngokuqondile, uMarx no-Engels babegxeka i-utopianism yama-socialists abeza ngaphambi kwabo. USaint-Simon, uCharles Fourier kanye noRobert Owen babengazigxeka izinkinga zonxiwankulu bezimboni njengoba zakhula ngekhulu le-19, kodwa impendulo yabo yayiwukuphikisa umhlaba okahle kulokho okwakukhona eduze kwabo. Kwakungekho ukuxhumana phakathi kwenhloso ye-utopia yabo ecatshangelwayo kanye nokuqonda kwabo ukuthi bangayifinyelela kanjani. Lokhu ngokungenakugwenywa kwakusho isimo sengqondo sobu-elitist. Njengoba u-Owenโohamba phambili eqenjini ngezindlela eziningiโekubeka: โLolu shintsho olukhuluโฆkumele futhi lufezwe ngabacebile nabanamandla. Awekho amanye amaqembu angakwenza.โ Umgomo ka-Owen wawuwukuthi โ[ukulawula noma ukuphatha] wonke umphakathi njengodokotela abathuthuke kakhulu ababusa futhi belaphe iziguli zabo ezibhedlela zezihlanya ezihlelwe kahle kakhulu.โ
UMarx wasabela ngokuqinile ngokumelene nenkolo yobabaโukuzidla โkosocialistsโ ababethi โbanekhambi lazo zonke izimfumbe ezibekwe phezu kwamadeski abo, futhi izwe langaphandle eliyiziphukuphuku kwadingeka livule umlomo walo ukuze amajuba agazingiwe olwazi oluphelele andizele kulo. yona.โ Kodwa yena no-Engels baqala futhi ukuchaza indlela ehlukile yokucabanga mayelana nenhlalakahle yabantu, engagxili โekulindeleni ngokuqinisekaโ izwe elisha, kodwa โekutholeni izwe elishaโ kulokho okwakukhona kudala. Kamuva u-Engels walifingqa leli phuzu ngale ndlela: โSelokhu kwavela umlando wendlela yokukhiqiza yonxiwankulu, ukwabiwa komphakathi kwazo zonke izindlela zokukhiqiza bekuvame ukuphuphaโฆnjengombono omuhle wekusasa. Kodwa kungenzeka, kungaba yisidingo esingokomlando, kuphela lapho izimo zangempela zalokhu kufezeka zikhona. Njengazo zonke ezinye intuthuko yezenhlalo, kuba nokwenzeka, hhayi ngabantu abaqonda ukuthi ukuba khona kwezigaba kungqubuzana nobulungisa, ukulingana, njll., hhayi nje ngokuzimisela ukuqeda lezi zigaba, kodwa ngenxa yezimo ezithile zezomnotho ezintsha.โ
Ngokuqondile, "izimo zomnotho ezintsha" ezimbili beziwukhiye ku-Marx no-Engels. Esinye kwakuwukuthuthukiswa kwamandla omuntu okukhiqiza kuze kufike ezingeni lokuthi umphakathi onenala ungaba khona. Ubudlela-ndawonye abukwazi ukuba khona ngaphansi kwezimo zokushoda, ngoba ngaphandle uma kwanele ukuzungeza, kuzoba nokuphikisana ngokuthi ubani othola ini. I-Capitalism, ngokukaMarx no-Engels, yakhulisa ulwazi lwabantu nobuchwepheshe kwaze kwaba yilapho ekhona amandla okuqeda ubumpofu, indlala, ukungabi namakhaya nokunye.
Kodwa ukuqeda ubumpofu kusho ukususa uhlelo olubangelayo, futhi lokho kudinga amandla omphakathi akwazi ukubuchitha. Yingakho โintuthuko entsha yezomnothoโ yesibili eyayikhathaza kakhulu uMarx no-Engels kwaba ukusungulwa kwesigaba sabasebenziโisigaba sokuqala seningi labasebenza kanzima emlandweni abanamandla omphakathi okuketula isimo esikhona kanye nentshisekelo ehlangene yokusungula uhlelo olusha. umphakathi ongahlukene phakathi kwababusi nababuswayo.
U-Marx no-Engels bagxile endleleni isigaba sabasebenziโngokungafani nezinye izigaba ezikhandlekayo, njengabalimiโsiphoqelelwa izimo zokusebenza ukuba sibambisane, sibeka isisekelo sokubambisana ekuphikisaneni nakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuthi ubunxiwankulu buhlanganisa abasebenzi ngobuningi babo, kulula ukuthi abasebenzi baxoxisane futhi bathathe izinqumo ngokuhlanganyela mayelana nokuthi yini okufanele yenziwe. Futhi amalungiselelo okubambisana komsebenzi abeka isisekelo sokuthi abasebenzi bangakwazi kanjani ukulawula, ekugcineni phezu kwawo wonke umphakathi.
Ngakho, kunokuba ucabange ngezwe elingcono elinqanyuliwe embuzweni wokuthi ungafika kanjani lapho, konke ukucindezeleka kwe-Marxism kumayelana nendlela inqubo โyokufika laphoโ enquma ngayo ukuma kwezwe elingcono. Umnyombo wombuzo wukuthi iningi lesigaba sabasebenzi lingazilungiselela kanjani ikusasa. Njengoba uMarx akubeka, โInguquko iyadingeka hhayi nje ngenxa yokuthi isigaba esibusayo asinakugumbuqelwa nganoma iyiphi enye indlela kodwa futhi ngenxa yokuthi isigaba esisigumbuqela singaphumelela kuphela ekuzikhipheni kulo lonke udaka lweminyaka futhi sifanelekele umphakathi osunguliwe. kabusha.โ
Ngakho naphezu kokuntula isineke okudumile kukaMarx no-Engels mayelana nokufika kosuku lwenguquko, baphikelela ngokuthi azikho izinqamuleli eziklanywe idlanzanaโnoma ngabe zinezinjongo ezinhle kangakananiโezingaba esikhundleni esiphumelelayo sesixuku sabasebenzi abafunda amandla abo siqu nokuthuthukisa inhlangano ukuyisebenzisa.
Lo mgomo oyisisekeloโukuthi โukukhululwa kwesigaba sabasebenzi kumele kube yisenzo sesigaba sabasebenzi ngokwasoโโubuyela emuva ekusungulweni kwe-Marxism. Akukhona ukuthi akukaze kube khona ukungaboni ngaso linye phakathi kwabantu abazibiza ngama-Marx. Ngisho nangesikhathi sokuphila kukaMarx, incazelo entsha yokunquma โye-Marxismโ yayisiqalile ukukhulaโlapho uguquko olusuka kunxiwankulu luye kwi-socialism lwabonakala lungenakugwenywa. Muva nje, kunjalo, kube ukuhlangana kweMarxism nemibuso ye-Stalinist ye-USSR yangaphambili kanye nabalingisi bayo.
Ngixoxe ngalowo mbuzo ikakhulukazi isikhathi eside, futhi ngingaqhubeka ngenza kanjalo. Kodwa eqinisweni, yonke le ndaba ingancishiswa embuzweni olula: Ingabe izisebenzi zilawula umphakathi? Isazi sezenhlalakahle saseMelika u-Eugene Debs safingqa leliphuzu, sinanela amazwi kaMarx: โEmzabalazweni wesigaba sabasebenzi wokuzikhulula ebugqilini bomholo, akunakuphindwa kaningi ukuthi yonke into incike esigabeni sabasebenzi ngokwaso. Umbuzo olula uthi: Ingabe abasebenzi bangakwazi yini ukuzifanela, ngemfundo, ngokuhleleka, ngokubambisana nangokuzithiba ngokwabo, ukuze balawule amandla okukhiqiza futhi baphathe izimboni ngokuzuzisa abantu futhi kuzuze umphakathi? Yilokho kuphela okukhona kukho.โ
Yini okufanele yenziwe?
UDebs washo umgomo wokuqala weMarxism kafushane kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, akunjalo konke kukhona kuwo. Ukugcizelela kukaMarx esidingweni sokuthi abasebenzi โbafanelekele ukuthola umphakathi kabushaโ kuqala ukuthola ukuphikisana okubalulekileโhhayi emibonweni kaMarx, kodwa ukuphikisana empilweni yangempela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isenzo somuntu singamandla aqhuba umlando. โUmlando awenzi lutho,โ kubhala uMarx, โawunayo ingcebo eningi, awulwi. Umuntu, indoda ephilayo yangempela, eyenza konke lokho.โ Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimo abantu abenza kuzona ziphonswa yisakhiwo esikhona somphakathi. U-Marx ufingqa ukungqubuzana endimeni edumile evela ku- Ishumi nesishiyagalombili Brumaire kaLouis Bonaparte: โAmadoda azenzela owawo umlando, kodwa awawenzi ngendlela athanda ngayo; abakwenzi ngaphansi kwezimo abazikhethele bona, kodwa ngaphansi kwezimo abahlangabezana nazo ngokuqondile, banikezwa futhi badluliselwa kusukela esikhathini esidlule.โ
Uma iningi lesigaba sabasebenzi emphakathini linamandla kanye nentshisekelo yokuketula ubunxiwankulu nokudala umphakathi omusha, kufika kanjani kulesi siphetho ngokuhlanganyela? Ngokusobala, kuMarx, inqubo yomzabalazo ngokwayo ibalulekile. Kodwa imizabalazo ayikhuli ngokulinganayo nangokungenakugwenywa. Kuhlale kunamaqembu athile ezisebenzi okuthi, ngesisekelo sokuhlangenwe nakho okukhulu noma izingxoxo ezibanzi, athuthuke kakhulu. Futhi inqubo ayimile. Ukuqonda kwabantu kuyashintsha ngaphansi komthelela wezigigabaโukunqoba nokuhlulwa emzabalazweni, isimo sezepolitiki sisonke, njll.โukuya phambili nasemuva. Futhi ezingeni labantu ngabanye, kunezinto ezingenakubalwa zokuzicabangelaโezinye zihlobene ngokuqondile nesisindo somphakathi wonxiwankulu kubo kanti ezinye azihlukanisi abantu, okwenza kube kungenakugwenywa ukuthi abanye bazizwe beqiniseka kakhulu ukuhola kunabanye.
Ukungazinaki lezi zici ngesisekelo sombono onembile wokuthi konke ukuqaphela kwabantu kuthuthuka ngomzabalazo kusho ukuhoxa ekuthuleni kuze kuthuthuke inhlangano ebumbene ngokuphelele.
Lokhu, ngamafuphi nje, yinhliziyo yombuzo wenhlangano wama-Marx-indlela yokusebenzisa imigomo nokuhlaziywa kwe-Marxism ezidingweni zomhlaba wangempela. Iziphetho ezibaluleke kakhulu ngale ndaba zathathwa umguquki waseRussia uLenin, owayengumlandeli kaMarxist wokuqala ukuhlanganisa ukuqonda isidingo seqembu elikhulu lamaSocialists ukuze lixoxe futhi linqume ukuthi lingavala kanjani leli gebe phakathi kokuhlaziya nokwenza. Iqembu elinjalo, uLenin wayekholelwa ukuthi, lizohlanganisa izishoshovu zenhlangano yabasebenziโhhayi ikakhulukazi izihlakaniphi, njengoba kuye kwashiwo abagxeki bakaLenin, kodwa izidlamlilo zesigaba sabasebenziโezizinikele kakhulu emzabalazweni kanye nombono ocacile walokho okudingeka kwenziwe. kwenziwe ukuqhubekisela phambili umnyakazo.
Manje lesi akusona isikhathi sokuvula impikiswano mayelana neLeninism. Lokho kuzodinga ukushintshana kwezithandani ukuze kukhishwe. Kukhona zonke izinhlobo zemibono eyiphutha mayelana nezingxabano zikaLenin-ezisukela emuva ekungavumelani ngezenzo zikaLenin ngesikhathi se-Revolution yaseRussia, kodwa futhi ezihlobene nobugebengu bukaStalinism okwakufaneleka egameni likaLeninism. Angikwazi ukubhekana nale mibuzo laphaโyize ngizotusa i-athikili kubafundi abangathanda ukubona ukuvikeleka kweLeninism ngokumelene nohlobo lokugxeka uMichael Albert alwenza ezincwadini okukhulunywe ngazo kulokhu kushintshana. Isihloko sithi โSibheke Eqenjini Le-Revolutionary Socialistโ yiMarxist yaseBrithani uDuncan Hallas, eyanyatheliswa kabusha ku I-International Socialist Review.
Isizathu sami sokuphakamisa lokhu ukuthi ngicabanga ukuthi inselelo ebaluleke kakhulu yama-Marxist namuhla ayibheki umbuzo ojulile wethiyori, kodwa ukwenza i-Marxism ihambisane nosuku nosuku, emizabalazweni evamile. Eqinisweni, lo โmbuzo wenhlanganoโ awugcini kuma-Marxists kuphela. Cabangela lesi siqephu sencwadi yakamuva ekhuluma ngamasu angakwesokunxele: โNgoshintsho kumphakathi, indlela yokuwina akumele ibe eyalabo abakhula ngokulinganayo futhi 'abasheshayo' ukushiya iphakethe elinensa ngemuva bese bewela umugqa wokuqala. Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuwina 'umjaho woshintsho lwezenhlalo' iwukuba lonke iphakethe liwele ndawonye futhi ngokushesha okukhulu lingaheheka ukuba lihambe. Izishoshovu ezishesha kakhulu nezingcono kakhulu zidinga ukuhlala nephakethe, zisebenzele ukukhuphula isivinini salo lilonke, ngisho noma lokho kusho ukuzibamba kancane ngezinye izikhathi.โ
Umbhali wala mazwi nguMichael Albert. Nakuba engase agijime ememeza ephuma ekamelweni ukuze ezwe, ngicabanga ukuthi lesi siqephu siphakamisa umbuzo oqondile wokuthi ubuLenin bangempela buqondiswe kuwo: Umuntu ohamba phambili kufanele ahlobanise kanjani imibono yoguquko nenani elibanzi labantu, ebonisa ngesibonelo semibono nenhlangano yabo. ukuthi banenye indlela engakwazi ukunqoba izinguquko ezincane noma ezinkulu endleleni umphakathi okhona osebenza ngayoโfuthi futhi yakhe ukuzethemba nolwazi lwabantu emzabalazweni omkhulu wokuguqula umphakathi usuwonke?
Futhi, lena ingxoxo ebalulekile ebingeke iphele lapha, noma ngabe besinesikhathi. Kodwa into yokuqala okumele uyisho ukuthi angeke kube khona impendulo yomuntu ngamunye. Ungaba ungqondongqondo we-Marxist ongcono kakhulu, onokuqonda okuphelele kokuguquguquka komphakathi wonxiwankulu. Kodwa ngaphandle uma uhileleke enhlanganweni yama-Marxistโomunye ozibophezele ekuhleleni izishoshovu ezithuthuke kakhulu eqenjini elisekelwe kukho kokubili intando yeningi engxoxweni kanye nezingxoxo, kanye nokuzibophezela okuphakathi ekufezeni isinqumo seningi-akunakwenzeka ukubeka umbono. ukuhlaziywa okungcono kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo emzabalazweni wezwe elingcono.
Umphakathi we-socialist wesikhathi esizayo
Okunye kokugxeka okukhulu kukaMichael ngeMarxism phakathi nale mpikiswano kube ukuthi ayinikezi umbono wesikhungo ophathekayo womphakathi wesikhathi esizayo. Futhi kuyiqiniso ukuthi uMarx no-Engels abakaze badwebe ipulani ye-socialism. Kodwa kulo lonke isiko langempela likaMarxโkusukela kuMarx kuze kube namuhlaโkukhona ukuzibophezela emphakathini lapho iningi lesigaba sabasebenzi libusa phezu kwesisekelo sentando yeningi nokubamba iqhaza koquqaba. Ukuqondisisa Kanjani, Ama-Marxists awazange abheke emicabangweni yawo, kodwa ezimpendulweni ezithuthukiswe ngabasebenzi ngesikhathi somzabalazo.
Uguquko olubaluleke kakhulu emibonweni kaMarx ngalo mbuzo lwenzeka ngo-1871, ngemva kokuba i-Paris Commune inikeze uMarx isibonelo sokuthi umphakathi ophethwe iningi labasebenzi ungabukeka kanjani. Njengoba esho ku Impi Yombango eFrance, โKwakuwuhlobo lwepolitiki olwandile, kuyilapho zonke izinhlobo zikahulumeni zangaphambili bezicindezela kakhulu. Imfihlo yayo yangempela kwakuyilokhu. Empeleni kwakuwuhulumeni wesigaba sabasebenzi, umkhiqizo womzabalazo wokukhiqiza ngokumelene nesigaba esifanelekayo, uhlobo lwezombangazwe ekugcineni olwatholakala okwakuzofezwa ngaphansi kwalo ukukhululwa kwezomnotho kwezisebenzi.โ
Lapho umshisekeli wenguquko waseRussia uLenin egxila embuzweni wokuthi isimo sezisebenzi sizoba kanjani, ipheshana lakhe State kanye Revolution wasebenzisa izibonelo ezimbili: i-Paris Commune, kodwa nakakhulu, ulwazi lwamaSoviet (igama lesiRashiya elisho imikhandlu), elathuthuka ngokuzenzakalelayo kusukela ekuvukeleni kweRussia ngo-1905, futhi futhi ngo-1917.
Amasoviet aqale avela njengamakomiti asezindaweni zokusebenza ahlelelwe igagasi lezimpi ezithinta umnotho. Kepha isidingo sokuphendula imibuzo ebanzi yezepolitiki - ngokusobala, ukusetshenziswa kwengcindezelo enkulu yiTsar - siholele imikhandlu ukuthi yenze ukuxhumana endaweni kanye nasesifundeni. Njengoba uLenin akuchaza, โAmasekela Abasebenzi BamaSoviet ayizinhlaka zomzabalazo oqondile wesixuku. Baqhamuka njengezinhlaka zomzabalazo wesiteleka. Ngokuphoqelela isimo, ngokushesha baba izinhlaka zomzabalazo woguquko jikelele wokulwa nohulumeni. Ukwenzeka kwezenzakalo noshintsho olusuka esitelekeni luye ekuvukeleni kwakushintsha ngokungenakuvinjelwa ukuba kube izingxenye zokuvukela umbuso.โ
Nansi ifomu, uLenin kanye nezinye socialists revolution of Russia waqaphela, lapho abasebenzi babengasebenzisa amandla ngentando yeningi. Kwakukhona ukuxhumana okuqondile phakathi kwamandla ezomnotho abasebenzi kanye nesimiso esisha sezombangazwe esisekelwe ekumeleleni okuvela embonini. Izinga lokubamba iqhaza emazingeni aphansi lalisobala ngokwesilinganiso sezithunywa nalezo ezibamele: isithunywa esisodwa kubasebenzi abangama-500. Futhi njengoMkhandlu WaseParis, izithunywa zabuyiselwa emuva ngokushesha futhi zangakhokhelwa ngaphezu kwesilinganiso samaholo abasebenzi.
UJohn Reed, usocialist waseMelika kanye nombhali we Izinsuku Eziyishumi Ezazamazamisa Umhlaba, yathatha umoya wamaSoviet: โNjengoba bonke abantu bangempela bezenhlalakahle bazi, futhi njengoba nathi esiye sabona iNguquko YaseRussia singafakaza, namuhla eMoscow nakuwo wonke amadolobha namadolobhana ezwe laseRussia kunesakhiwo sezombangazwe esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. usekelwa iningi labantu futhi osebenzayo kanye nanoma yimuphi uhulumeni odumile osanda kuzalwa owake wasebenzaโฆUmbuso wamaSoviet usekelwe kumaSovietโnoma imiKhandluโYamasekela Abasebenzi NabaFundisiโฆAyikho inhlangano yezepolitiki ezwela kakhulu futhi okusabela intando ethandwayo yake yasungulwa. Futhi lokhu kwakudingeka, ngoba ngesikhathi soguquko, intando ethandwayo ishintsha ngokushesha okukhulu.โ
Qhathanisa incazelo kaReed yendlela ama-soviet asebenza ngayo njengezinkundla zenkulumompikiswano eshubile kanye nokuthathwa kwezinqumo nalokho amaSoviet aba ngaphansi kwe-Stalinist bureaucracy-izitembu zenjoloba ezingaphili zokubusa koshiqela. Akukho okunye okukhombisa ngokusobala umehluko phakathi kwesithembiso seNguquko YaseRussia somhlaba owehlukile, osekelwe phezu kwentando yeningi yabantu nokubamba iqhaza, kanye neqiniso elibuhlungu elilandela ukuhlukaniswa nokunqotshwa koguquko eminyakeni embalwa kamuva.
Kodwa okwasinda ekuvukeleni umbuso eRussia kwakuyisibonelo sokubusa kwezisebenzi ngokwazo. Uhlelo lomkhandlu olwakhiwe ngokuzenzakalelayo ngabasebenzi baseRussia luye lwavela kaningi ezinxushunxushwini ezinkulu kakhulu zesigaba sabasebenzi-inguquko yaseSpain yango-1936-37, ukuvukelwa kweHungary ngokumelene nokucindezelwa kukaStalinist ngo-1956, izintambo zaseChile ngo-1973, amakhomishini abasebenzi IPortugal ngo-1974-75, ama-shoras ngesikhathi sokuvukela kwe-Iranian ka-1979.
Nakulokhu, kungashiwo okwengeziwe ngalo mbuzo. Izindatshana ezimbili ezitholakala ku-inthanethi ziwusizo kule ngxoxoโa Usonhlalonhle indaba ka-Amy Muldoon ebizwa "Abasebenzi bazowuphatha kanjani umphakathi?" kanye no-Ahmed Shawki "Iminyaka Engamashumi Ayisishiyagalombili Kusukela Inguquko YaseRussia" ku I-International Socialist Review.
Kodwa ngithanda ukuphetha ngaleliphuzu mayelana nomoya wamandla abasebenzi. Kuningi okungashiwo mayelana nezinto ezifeziwe zeNguquko YaseRussia, nokho okwesikhathi esifushaneโkusukela ekuqedeni ukuhlanganyela kweRussia ekubulaweni kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, kuya ekuhloleni kokuqala kokulawulwa kwabasebenzi kokukhiqiza, kuya emzamweni osebenzayo wokukhulula abesifazane. Kodwa okungenani okuhlaba umxhwele yindlela uguquko olwaletha ngayo ukuphila izixuku zabantu ababelahlwe, okungenani, ukuphila kokusebenza isikhathi eside nokungaziwa. Ezindabeni zoguquko, uzwa ukwanda kwabantu abafundiswa ukuphila kwabo konke ukulalela nokuthobeka, abazithola sebesezweni elisha lapho okucatshangwayo kubalulekile.
UKrupskaya, ilungu elingumakadebona lamaBolshevik kanye nomkaLenin, wabhala lokhu encwadini yakhe yesikhumbuzo: โImigwaqo ngalezo zinsuku yayibonisa umbukwane onelukuluku: yonke indawo, abantu babemi ndawonye bengamafindo, bephikisana ngokushubile futhi bexoxa ngezenzakalo zakamuva...Le mihlangano yasemgwaqweni yayinjalo. Kuyathakazelisa, ukuthi kuke kwangithatha amahora amathathu ukuhamba ukusuka ku-Shirokaya Street kuya e-Krzesinska Mansion. Indlu esasihlala kuyo yayibheke igceke, futhi nalapha wawuthi wawuvula iwindi ebusuku wawuzwa ingxabano eshubile. Umuntu osebenza kanzima wayehlezi lapho, futhi wayehlale enezethameliโimvamisa abanye babapheki, noma izisebenzi zasendlini ezivela kwamakhelwane, noma abanye abantu abasha. Ngemva kwehora ngemva kwaphakathi kwamabili, ungase ubambe izinkulumo-โamaBolsehvik, amaMenshevikโฆโ Ngehora lesithathu ekuseni, โMiliukov, Bolsehviksโฆโ Ngehora lesihlanuโsekuyinkulumo efanayo yomhlangano, ipolitiki, njll. njalo ezihlotshaniswa engqondweni yami nalezo zingxabano zezombangazwe zobusuku bonke.โ
Leyo yincazelo yezwe lapho abantu abajwayelekile sebephile ngendlela abangeke baphile ngayo ngaphansi konxiwankulu. Futhi lowo umhlaba okufanele ulwelwe. Namuhla, emphakathini okhungethwe izimpi nobumpofu, emphakathini lapho enye indlela idingeka kakhulu, i-Marxism inikeza umbono walokho umhlaba ongaba yikho okubalulekile namuhla njengoba wawunjalo.
------------------
U-Alan Maass ungumhleli we Umsebenzi Wezenhlalakahle, iphephandaba lamasonto onke elinyatheliswa yi-International Socialist Organization. Angathunyelwa nge-imeyili ku- [i-imeyili ivikelwe].
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela