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Imibono kanye nezimo zombuzo we-ecology ekuwohlokeni okukhulu komnotho
Leli phepha lifuna ukubheka izimo ezivelayo enkingeni ekhona manje yezomnotho kanye nemvelo kumandla onxiwankulu kanye nama-anticapitalist ngokufanayo. Isizathu sokuqala ukuthi i-21st Umbuzo wekhulu leminyaka le-ecology uphakamisa i-20th umbuzo wekhulu leminyaka lezenhlalo njengomthombo omkhulu wezingxabano. Okuluhlaza okotshani obusha obubomvu, futhi umzabalazo wezigaba uhlela kabusha ngokufanele. Isisekelo sesibili siwukuthi i-ecokeynesianism ka-Obama kufanele ithathwe ngokungathi sรญna njengesifanekiso esisha se-liberal capitalism ngemuva kokwehluleka kwe-neoliberal deregulation.
Izinkulumo ngombuzo we-ecology
Ukulandela i-Dryzek, inkulumo yezemvelo ingahlukaniswa ngokuhambisana nezimbazo ze-prosaic/imaginative kanye ne-reformist/radical. Umphumela we-2X2 matrix uvumela ukuhlukaniswa kwemibono nemibono ephilayo abadlali abahlukene bezenhlalo odabeni lwesimo sezulu namuhla emhlabeni. Ukuvela kokufudumala kwembulunga yonke njengenkinga eyodwa enkulu ebhekene nesintu, kanye neqhaza elidlangile lokukhishwa nokusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukukhiqizwa konxiwankulu kanye nokusetshenziswa kwempahla ngobuningi kukho konke lokhu kuye kwaqinisekisa izixwayiso ezinganakwa ezenziwe umnyakazo oluhlaza eminyakeni engama-30 edlule. Namuhla, umbuzo wezemvelo umi njengolingana nemibuzo yezenhlalo kanye nekoloniyali ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule. Uma wonke umuntu eba luhlaza ngokushesha okukhulu, ukusuka eSchwarzenegger kuye kwabakwaTrotskyists, kusuka eWal-Mart kuya ku-BP, kuba wukuqonda okubaluleke kakhulu kwenkundla yabalingisi namandla adlalwayo, ukuze sikwazi ukudweba izimo ezingaba zezepolitiki eziqhamukayo zanamuhla. izingqinamba ezimbili zezomnotho nezemvelo. I-Capitalism, emlandweni wayo webhizinisi kanye nezezimali, yimbangela yenhlekelele yemvelo kanye nenkinga yemisebenzi. Ngikholwa ukuthi umnotho wemakethe olawulwa ngokwenhlalo (ngokuphambene nokulawulwa uhulumeni) wemakethe umnotho ongewona wezinkampani eduze komnotho ovundlile we-p2p wokukhiqiza komphakathi ungaletha esikudingayo (ukusiphula umnotho wezinsalela) kanye nalokho esikufunayo (inkululeko eyandisiwe kanye nezwe lonke. ubumbano), ngaphezu kokuketulwa kombuso nezimakethe ngodlame noma "incithakalo evamile yezigaba eziphikisanayo" (Marx's Manifesto), okungukuthi inhlekelele yemvelo.
Izinhlobo Zamanje Zenkulumo Yezemvelo
Umshisekeli wenguquko |
kakhulu impela nje |
|
I-Prosaic |
I-Technocratic Pragmatism |
I-Malthusian Survivalism |
Ukucabanga |
Ukusimama kwemvelo |
I-Green Radicalism |
Umthombo: Dryzek (2005).
I-Green radicalism yinkulumo yemibono ehlanganisa ama-anarchists ezenzweni zokungalaleli komphakathi, iziyaluyalu kanye ne-ecotage yezobulungiswa bezemvelo. Kukodwa nje kuwuchungechunge olubanzi olusuka ku-NGO yobungcweti beGreenpeace kuya ebuthweni lezempi le-ELF ne-ALF, ukusuka eMonbiot kuya eZerzan. Maphakathi kukhona umnyakazo okhulayo wezenzo zesimo sezulu okuzonikeza ugqozi olukhulu emibhikishweni eNgqungqutheleni Yesimo Sezulu ezayo e-Copenhagen. Yonke le nhlangano ihlanganyela ngamazinga ahlukene inkolelo yokuthi izinhlobo ezikhona zepolitiki nezamabhizinisi ziyimbangela yenkinga yesimo sezulu. Ukushintsha ukuziphatha komuntu ngamunye, njengabameli be-Malthusians kanye nabameleli bezinhlobo zokusimama kwe-UN, akwanele, kudingeka kube nomfutho wepolitiki wokushintsha ingqalasizinda yomphakathi. Kwaze kwaba yilapho udaba lokufudumala kwembulunga yonke seluze lwafinyelela esicongweni ku-ajenda yezindaba zabezindaba ngo-2006-2007 (yabuye yabusa ezindabeni esikhathini sika-1987-1992, kodwa yaphinde yashabalala futhi yashabalala phakathi neMinyaka Yamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye), inkulumo yezemvelo. ibiphethwe wukusimama kwemvelo (ebuye ibizwe ngokuthi "i-natural capitalism") noma izimfuneko ezisebenzayo zokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwemvelo kanye nesibopho amafemu okuye kwadingeka abhekane naso selokhu kwavela umnyakazo oluhlaza. Abafana be-Sustainability approach bafuna ukwenza i-capitalism ibe luhlaza ngokushintsha i-sectoral composition, ama-technocrats afuna nje ukwenza amandla akhona.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela