Laura Poitras, umhleli ongumsunguli we I-Intercept.
"Izinto ezidalulwe u-Edward Snowden azivezi nje usongo kubumfihlo bethu kodwa nakuntando yeningi," kusho uPoitras enkulumweni yakhe yokwamukela. "Siyabonga ku-Edward Snowden ngesibindi sakhe kanye nabanye abaningi ababika imibiko." U-Snowden, esitatimendeni esikhishwe ngemuva kokumenyezelwa komklomelo, wathi, “Ngiyethemba ukuthi lo mklomelo uzokhuthaza abantu abaningi ukuthi babone le filimu futhi bagqugquzelwe umyalezo wayo wokuthi izakhamuzi ezijwayelekile, ngokusebenzisana, zingawushintsha umhlaba.”
The ifilimu, osekunconywe njengomdlalo othokozisayo wangempela, ulandisa ngomzamo ka-Snowden wokuxhumana ngokuphephile noPoitras noGlenn Greenwald ngo-2013 futhi wahlangana nabo eHong Kong, lapho uPoitras aqopha khona u-Snowden exoxa ngezinkulungwane zemibhalo eyimfihlo ye-NSA abeyiputshuzela kubo, kanye nencwadi yakhe. izisusa zokwenza kanjalo. Ifilimu ithatha isihloko sayo egameni elingu-Snowden elisetshenziswe lapho ethintana no-Poitras ngama-imeyili abethelwe adalulwe kudokhumenti yakhe.
"Uma ushicilela umthombo," kusho enye yama-imeyili akhe okuqala, "cishe ngizothinteka ngokushesha. Lokhu akumele kukuvimbe ekukhipheni ulwazi engizokunikeza lona. Ngiyabonga, futhi uqaphele.”
I-"Citizenfour" yathola ukutuswa okukhulu ngesikhathi ikhishwa ngonyaka odlule. I-New York Times wathi "kwakuyinganekwane yezombusazwe eyinhloko yenkathi yedijithali," kuyilapho i-Indiewire kuchazwe “njengezinto zamaphupho amabi e-Orwellian ... idlala njengomdlalo ovusa amadlingozi omkhulu kunabo bonke kusukela ku-'All the President's Men.'” Ngaphambi kwe-Academy Awards, iwine inqwaba yemiklomelo ye-documentary ehamba phambili evela ku-New York Film Critics Circle, Abaqondisi. I-Guild of America nezinye izinhlangano.
Idokhumentari igxile ezithombeni ezingajwayelekile zikaPoitras zika-Snowden egunjini lakhe lehhotela noGreenwald kanye Guardian intatheli u-Ewen MacAskill, naye owavakashela eHong Kong. Le filimu ihlanganisa izigcawu zika-Snowden elungiselela ukuphuma ehhotela ayocasha ngemuva kokushicilelwa kwezindaba zokuqala ze-NSA, kanye ingxoxo yevidiyo lapho uSnowden eveze khona ukuthi ungubani. U-Snowden wagcina ephumile eHong Kong, kwathi ngemuva kokubaleka esikhumulweni sezindiza i-Sheremetyevo eMoscow, wanikezwa ukukhoseliswa kwezepolitiki eRussia, lapho ehlala khona njengamanje.
Amadokhumenti aputshuzwe ngu-Snowden adalule ama-NSA ukubhekwa kwe-dragnet yamarekhodi ocingo aseMelika, kanye nemizamo ebanzi ye-ejensi yoku ngena futhi ukwehlisa amanethiwekhi okuxhumana omhlaba. Imisebenzi ye-NSA igxekwe ngabameli benkululeko e-United States kanye nohulumeni bangaphandle abebecushwe yile nhlangano. Izindaba ezibhalwe ngamadokhumenti zizuziwe Pulitzer Imiklomelo ngoba The Guardian futhi The Washington Post (ephinde yathola imibhalo evela ku-Snowden). Lezo zincwadi, kanye I-Intercept nezinye izinhlangano zezindaba, okuhlanganisa Isibuko eJalimane, qhubeka nokushicilela izindaba ezinkulu mayelana nemisebenzi yokuqapha ye-NSA, njengendatshana ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule ukuthi embule i-NSA kanye nozakwabo waseBrithani, i-GCHQ, bantshontshe izigidigidi zokhiye bokubethela omakhalekhukhwini enkampanini yaseDutch.
UPoitras, okwathi ngo-2012 waklonyeliswa ngoxhaso “lwengqondo” lweMacArthur Foundation, wayethole indondo ye-Academy Award ngefilimu edlule, “Izwe Lami, Izwe Lami,” ngempi yase-Iraq. Ikhishwe ngo-2006, bekungeyokuqala ku-trilogy yamafilimu akhuluma ngeMelika ngemuva kuka-9/11; eyesibili, ekhishwe ngo-2010, ibithi “The Oath,” eqoshwe e-Yemen nase-Guantánamo Bay. "Citizenfour" ifilimu yokugcina ku-trilogy, uPoitras ayichaze njengokuhlolwa kwamandla aseMelika empini yokulwa nokwesaba.
UPoitras ngokwakhe waba ngaphansi kohlobo lokugadwa kukahulumeni okuchazwa yimibhalo ka-Snowden. Ngemuva kokukhishwa kwefilimu yakhe yase-Iraq, wamiswa izikhathi eziningi ezikhumulweni zezindiza zase-U.S. kanye nasezikhumulweni zezindiza zakwamanye amazwe futhi waphonswa imibuzo ngamanxusa asemngceleni; igama lakhe ngokusobala lalibekwe kolunye lwezinhla zokubuka ubuphekula zikahulumeni wase-US. Lokhu kwambeka esimeni esingajwayelekile - umdidiyeli wedokhumentari owayegadiwe ngesikhathi elungisa idokhumentari emayelana nokugadwa.
Bekuyifilimu emfushane kaPoitras ekhuluma nge-NSA, egxile ku-whistleblower uWilliam Binney, emlethe ekunakeni kuka-Snowden. Wabona ifilimu, eyayibizwa ngokuthi “The Uhlelo” futhi yanyatheliswa njenge-a New York Times op-doc ngo-2012, futhi wabona ukuthi u-Poitras wayebika nge-NSA nokuthi cishe wayenolwazi olwanele lwezinqubo zokubethela ukuze axhumane naye ngokuphephile. Kamuva wachaza ukuthi wayemethemba kanye noGreenwald, ongomunye umhleli ongumsunguli we I-Intercept, ngaphezu kwanoma iyiphi imithombo yezindaba emikhulu esikhathini sangemva kwe-9/11.
"ULaura noGlenn baphakathi kwabambalwa ababike ngokungesabi ngezihloko eziyimpikiswano phakathi naso sonke lesi sikhathi, ngisho naphezu kokugxekwa komuntu siqu, nokwaholela ekutheni uLaura agxilwe yizo kanye izinhlelo ezihilelekile ekudalulweni kwakamuva," u-Snowden. usho kanje. "Ubonise isibindi, isipiliyoni sakhe kanye nekhono elidingekayo lokusingatha umsebenzi okungenzeka ukuthi uyingozi kakhulu noma iyiphi intatheli enganikezwa - ebika ngamaphutha ayimfihlo kahulumeni onamandla kakhulu emhlabeni."
UPoitras, owafunda ifilimu eSan Francisco Art Institute kanye nethiyori yezepolitiki eThe New School ngaphambi kokuphendukela ebuntathelini, uzoba umbukiso wedwa eWhitney Museum ngo-2016.
Le ndaba ibuyekezwe ngamazwana avela ku-Poitras no-Snowden.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela