Ukunyakaza komsebenzi okwaqala ku-Wall Street futhi manje okusabalala kulo lonke elaseMelika kuyingxenye yesiko elaziwa kuNguquko YaseMelika ngokuthi โabantu abangaphandleโ - amamashi, imibukiso, kanye nemihlangano engalindelekile eyachazwa isazi-mlando uGordon S. Wood ngokuthi โngokwengeziwe -isenzo somthetho sabantu" "abakwazanga ukuthola enye indlela yokusho izimfuno zabo kanye nezikhalazo zabo." Inhlangano inikeze ithemba elisha loshintsho oluqhubekayo lwezenhlalo. Kodwa futhi kuphakamisa imibuzo eminingi mayelana nokuthi ukunyakaza okunjalo kungaqiniswa kanjani futhi kukhule kube namandla kuyilapho kugcinwa umfutho wentando yeningi owabakhuthaza kwasekuqaleni.
Ukusuka e-Tahrir Square kuya e-Madison, e-Wisconsin, kuya e-Wall Street, zimbalwa izinto ezibikezelwa ukwedlula ukunyakaza komphakathi okungalindelekile. Ngenkathi imithombo yezokuxhumana entsha ye-elekthronikhi isiza ukuvela kwayo, umlando wokunyakaza okunjalo mudala kakhulu kune-inthanethi. Impela, ukubukeka okushaqisayo kwezinhlangano zomphakathi kube neqhaza elibalulekile ekulolongeni umlando wanamuhla kusukela eNkathini Enkulu yango-1877, iziteleka zayo neziteleka zayo ezivamile zavala imizila yezitimela yaseMelika kanye namadolobha aseMelika angaphezu kweshumi nambili, kuze kufike kuNguquko YaseRussia yango-1905, kuya eMontgomery. ukuduba ibhasi, kuya ezitelekeni ezijwayelekile ze-Polish Solidarity. Ukuthi ukunyakaza okunjalo kuzovela nini futhi kanjani kungase kungabikezeleki, kodwa amaphethini akho kanye nokuguquguquka kwawo kungaqondwa kangcono ngokutadisha umlando wabo.
Ingaphezu "Kwephathi Yetiye Yangakwesokunxele"?
Kungani kungenzeka ukuthi izinhlangano zomphakathi ziqhamuke, ngokuvamile ngaleso sikhathi lapho abantu bebonakala bengahlelekile futhi bengenathemba? Impendulo ngokuvamile ayikho kumasu ahlakaniphile abahleli (nakuba bangasiza), kodwa ekufezeni izinkinga ezivamile kanye namandla avame ukumangala omuntu wokuzihlanganisa ngokuziphendulela. Njengoba abantu bezizwa becasuka ngokuya ngezimo ababhekana nazo, baqala ukubona ngokulinganayo ukunganeliseki komunye nomunye kanye nokulungela ukwenza okuthile. Ezimweni ezinjalo, isenzo esiyisibonelo njengokushiya umsebenzi noma ukwenqaba ukushiya ikhawunta yesidlo sasemini ehlukanisiwe - noma ukuhlala epaki eduze kwase-Wall Street - kungalingisa inani elikhulu labantu isimo sabo esivamile kanye nekhono labo lokusabela kuso. Uma abantu sebekubonile lokho, isenzo sababhikishi abangamakhulu ambalwa โsingasakazeka ngokusakazekaโ emikhawulweni yezwe, i-subculture, ngisho nezwe futhi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa sidonse izinkulungwane zabantu ezindaweni ezikude ezingamakhulu. Sekwenzekile kaningi.
Siyazi ukuthi ukunyakaza komphakathi kusukela ekuqedweni kwezimali kuya enhlanganweni elwela amalungelo abantu baseMelika kuya ku-Women's Liberation Movement kuya ku-Polish Solidarity yenze ushintsho lwangempela emphakathini. Kodwa bangaba kanjani nemiphumela enamandla kangaka uma benziwa abantu abavelayo - nabazizwayo - bengenamandla kangako ezikhungweni ezikhona futhi lapho bephikiswa amandla amakhulu kangaka?
Njengoba i-theorist yokungabi nodlame uGene Sharp, oshayela uGandhi, ekubeke kwacaca, impendulo ilele eqinisweni lokuthi ohulumeni, izinhlangano, nezinye izikhungo ezinamandla zincike kubantu ababambisana noma abavuma amandla abo ngokuhlinzeka ngemisebenzi, izinsiza, inhlonipho, kanye nemvume. Izinhlangano zomphakathi zingaba namandla ngoba zihlanganisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi abantu bangase bahoxise ukuvuma kwabo kanye nemvume, bebukela phansi "izinsika zokusekela" ohulumeni nezikhungo ezidingayo ukuze baphile futhi bafeze imigomo yabo. Izinhlangano zomphakathi zingaletha usongo olukhulu kulabo abaphethe amandla - futhi ngalokho zibaphoqe ukuthi bashintshe. Njengoba uBertolt Brecht ekubeka enkondlweni yakhe ethi โFrom A German War Primer,โ
Ngokuvamile, ithangi lakho imoto eqinile.
Libhidliza ihlathi lichoboze abantu abayikhulu.
Kodwa inephutha elilodwa: idinga umshayeli.
Ukuthi la mandla โabangenamandlaโ angaba namandla angahlanganiswa kanjani kuncike ezinsikeni ezithile zokusekela. Isibonelo, enkathini yamalungelo omphakathi osomabhizinisi abaningi baseNingizimu basuka โekuphikisaneni okukhuluโ baya ekukhuthazeni ukuvuma ekuhlukaniseni abantu ngoba besaba ukusabela kokutshalwa kwezimali kwebhizinisi laseNyakatho odlameni lokucwasa. I-Kennedy Administration yathuthela ekusekeleni amalungelo omphakathi, nakuba kancane kancane, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokwesaba ukungakwamukeli kwamanye amazwe ubandlululo lwe-US, ikakhulukazi emazweni ase-Afrika asanda kuzimela aphethwe yiSoviet Union. Osopolitiki beqembu leDemocratic Party babethembele kakhulu emaqenjini amakhulu okuvota abantu abamnyama emadolobheni aseNyakatho njengeDetroit neChicago, kodwa ukusekelwa kwabo kwaba sengozini lapho amaDemocrats aseNingizimu enza kanye namaDemocrat eWhite House kanye neCongress ebekezelela ukucindezelwa kobuhlanga okwakubonakala kakhulu. Nakuba inhlangano yamalungelo abantu yayiwukubhekana ngqo nobubi bokuhlukaniswa, empeleni yadonsa amandla ayo amaningi โesu elingaqondileโ lokufaka ingcindezi emabuthweni ukuvuma kwawo okwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukuba ukuhlukaniswa kuqhubeke.
I-Occupy Wall Street ikhombisa ngokumangalisayo ukuhoxiswa kokuvumelana nokubuswa kwezomnotho, ezombusazwe, kanye nempilo yaseMelika yiphesenti elingu-1 elite kwezomnotho. Imele futhi ukuhoxiswa kwemvume ekuthuleni kosopolitiki nabezindaba mayelana namaqiniso ekilasi eMelika kanye nomthelela wawo kumaphesenti angama-99. Ngempela, kumele ukuhoxiswa kwemvume kuBarack Obama kanye nobuholi beDemocratic Party obambisene ekutakulweni kwezimali nezinye izinqubomgomo zezomnotho ezenza abacebile bacebe nabampofu babe bampofu kakhulu.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, "inhlangano emelene ne-Wall Street" ingaba ngaphezu nje kokuthi "Iphathi Yetiye Yangakwesokunxele" okungenzeka ibe nomthelela okhethweni kodwa ehluleke ukwenza izinguquko ezibalulekile zomphakathi ezibhekana nezinkinga zabahlanganyeli bayo. Kodwa ukwenza kanjalo kuyodingeka kuthuthukiswe izindlela eziqondile โamaphesenti angu-99โ angalulaza ngazo izinsika โzephesenti elilodwa.โ Ukugqugquzela amaphesenti angama-1 ukuthi azihlelele wona kuyisinyathelo sokuqala esibalulekile kuleso simo.
Siyazi ukuthi, naphezu kwamagalelo abo, izinhlangano zomphakathi ngezinye izikhathi zifike esiphethweni esibi. Abanye baye bavutha ngokukhazimulayo, kuphela ukupeyinta ngemva kokuba flash yabo yokuqala epanini. Ezinye seziphenduke izisekelo zezigaba ezintsha: Ezinye izinhlangano zamaKhomanisi zaba ubushiqela bobushiqela; ezinye izinhlangano zabasebenzi zaba izikhungo ezikhohlakele. Eminye iminyakazo yenkululeko ifana โnesandla sensimbiโ sikaWilliam Blake
โlichoboze ikhanda likaSilo
Futhi waba nguMashiqela esikhundleni sakhe.โ
Isizukulwane samanje sokunyakaza kwentsha emhlabeni jikelele sivame ukubonakala - ngabo ngokwabo nabanye - "njenge-anarchist" noma "i-horizontalist." Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiliphi igama, umqondo oyinhloko ukuphikiswa kwezikhundla hhayi kuphela emphakathini kodwa enhlanganweni ngokwayo. Bavame ukugconwa ngokuphikisana kwabo nobuholi nganoma iyiphi indlela. Kodwa ukugcizelela kwabo ukuthi, njengoba ama-Wobblies akudala e-Industrial Workers of the World ayevame ukuthi, โAsinabo abaholi โ sonke singabaholiโ kunikeza ikhambi eliyingxenye engozini yenkululeko ephendukela ekubuseni futhi. ezimpini ezingapheli eziqhutshwa ukuzazisa phakathi kwalabo ababezoba abaholi namaqembu obuholi ashise i-Students for a Democratic Society kanye neNew Left.
Amaphesenti angama-99 emhlabeni jikelele
Yize izingxoxo eziningi zemigubho yemisebenzi zigxile kakhulu ekuhlobaneni kwazo nemiqhudelwano ezayo kwezepolitiki yaseMelika, abahlali ngokwabo banombono obanzi kakhulu, nowomhlaba wonke. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwayo, inhlangano ye-Occupy Wall Street yazifanisa โneNtwasahlobo yama-Arabโ kanye nokunyakaza okwasabalala emhlabeni wonke kusuka eSpain kuya eChile nokusuka eWisconsin kuya eTel Aviv.
Esitatimendeni esikhiqizwe ukuvumelana ngemva kwezinsuku zezingxoxo, Umhlangano Jikelele we-Occupy Wall Street wamemezela, "Siyalivuma iqiniso: Ikusasa lohlanga lwesintu lidinga ukubambisana kwamalungu alo." Banxusa "abantu bomhlaba" ukuthi "badale inqubo yokubhekana nezinkinga esibhekene nazo, futhi benze izixazululo ezifinyeleleka kuwo wonke umuntu."
Izinkinga โamaphesenti angu-99 embulunga yonkeโ abhekana nazo zisemhlabeni wonke. Sibhekene nomnotho womhlaba wonke ozinkinga zawo ezingeke zixazululwe yinoma yiliphi izwe elilodwa kuphela. Sibhekene nenhlekelele yesimo sezulu yomhlaba wonke edinga ukuncishiswa okukhulu kwekhabhoni yiwo wonke amazwe emhlabeni. Kungokufanayo nangendlala, ukucekelwa phansi kwezilwandle, izikhali ezibhubhisayo, kanye nezinye izinkinga eziningi esibhekene nazo. Ngemuva kwakho konke kunenhlekelele yokuzibusa kwembulunga yonke lapho izinsalela zokugcina zokubambisana komhlaba wonke zithathelwa indawo impi yabo bonke abantu futhi lapho amabutho ezomnotho, ezombusazwe, kanye namasosha omhlaba ehlula ngokuhlelekile imizamo yentando yeningi yezwe.
Ngisho nezinkinga ezibonakala ngokuyinhloko zikazwelonke njengomshwalense wezempilo noma imfundo noma ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi ziba zimbi futhi zenziwa ukuthi zingaxazululeki ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke kanye ne-neo-liberalism yomhlaba wonke. Amabhange nezinye izinkampani i-Occupy Wall Street ebhikishayo, empeleni, zisemhlabeni wonke. Ngaphezu kwengxenye yenzuzo yezinkampani ze-S&P zivela ngaphandle kwase-US, ngokusho kukaBernard Baumohl, isazi sezomnotho esiyinhloko e-The Economic Outlook Group. Ngokufanayo izixazululo kuzodingeka zibe nobukhulu bomhlaba wonke.
Izinhlangano nezinhlangano zikazwelonke zibhekane nesimo esifanayo ngeminyaka yawo-1990 njengoba i-neoliberal globalization ishaya ngesivinini esigcwele. Inhlangano yabasebenzi, abathengi, ezemvelo, kanye nezinye ebezigxile kakhulu ezindabeni zezwe zaqhamuka nokuvela kwe-NAFTA, i-World Trade Organisation, kanye nokuhwebelana kwezinkampani zomhlaba wonke nezimakethe zezabasebenzi. Okwenzeka, kungalindelekile, kwakuwuhlobo lokuzihlanganisa emhlabeni wonke. Amaqembu ahlukene emazweni ahlukene aqala ukwazana, esekela imikhankaso yomunye nomunye, efunda ukuhlaziya komunye nomunye, edlulisa izimemezelo ngokuhlanganyela, nokuhlela izenzo ngokuhlanganyela. Umphumela waba Impi YaseSeattle - kanye nenqwaba yeminye imikhankaso yamazwe ngamazwe mayelana nezikweletu, izidakamizwa ze-AIDS, inqubomgomo yokudla, izinto eziphilayo eziguqulwe izakhi zofuzo, izimakethe ezinkulu, kanye nenqwaba yezinye izindaba zomhlaba. Imibhikisho yesimo sezulu emhlabeni wonke ebihambisana nengqungquthela yesimo sezulu yaseCopenhagen imele inzalo yayo yakamuva.
Umehluko omkhulu ukuthi i-Occupy Wall Street kanye nezihlobo zayo sezivele ziyingxenye yenhlangano yomhlaba wonke enezindikimba nezinjongo eziningi ezivamile. Ukuzihlela kwabo emhlabeni wonke kuyaqhubeka. Futhi bangafinyelela izinhloso zabo kuphela uma bengenza ohulumeni babambisane ukuze bahlangabezane nezithakazelo ezifanayo zamaphesenti angama-99 omhlaba.
Ukudala inqubo
Abantu abaningi bayabuza ukuthi ngabe inhlangano ye-Occupy Wall Street ingasimama yini. Kodwa lowo kungase kungabi umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu. Uma osomlando bebheka amamashi endlala asekuqaleni kwawo-1930, ababuzi ukuthi mingaki iminyaka aqhubeka, ingasaphathwa eyokuthi aluthinta kanjani ukhetho lwangaleso sikhathi. Kunalokho, bazibheka njengengxenye yenqubo eyadala ukunyakaza kwabantu abangasebenzi, ukukhuphuka kwezinyunyana zezimboni, kanye nokujikijela kwesokunxele โKwesivumelwano Esisha Sesibili.โ
Yebo okwamanje kubalulekile ukusabalalisa imisebenzi futhi unikeze ukwesekwa kanye nezinsiza zokubasiza baqhubeke. Kodwa ekugcineni ukubaluleka kwazo kuzoba kulokho okwenziwa amanye amaphesenti angama-99. Yini ezoshukumisa imisebenzi ngaphandle nje kokuqhubeka kwayo?
I-Occupy Wall Street ayidingi ukuthi kube ukunyakaza okuphelele kwamaphesenti angama-99. I-Occupy Wall Street iyakubona lokhu lapho icela abantu yonke indawo ukuthi bazenzele eyabo imihlangano futhi "badale inqubo yokubhekana nezinkinga esibhekene nazo." Akuwona umsebenzi wabo ukuhlela izinyunyana, ukunxenxa uKhongolose, noma ukungenela ukhetho. Umsebenzi wabo uwukukhuthaza abanye abangamaphesenti angama-99 - okuhlanganisa nalabo abangekho emkhakheni wentsha kanye nakwezemfundo, ezombusazwe, ezomthetho, nokunye. izikhungo - ukuzihlela nokuthuthukisa amasu abambekayo okwenza lonke uhla lwezinguquko ezizodingeka ukuze kuhlangatshezwane โnezinkinga esibhekene nazo.โ Futhi bangakwenza lokho okungcono kakhulu uma behlala ngokweqiniso kubo, begcina izwi labo langempela, futhi banikeze isenzo esiqondile, ukubonakaliswa kokushisa komgwaqo kokunganeliseki kwamaphesenti angu-99.
Ithimba elivela e-Occupy Washington lisanda kumasha ukuze lijoyine i-rally ngokumelene nepayipi le-Keystone XL. Ukwesekwa kokushisa komgwaqo kwezenzo zokulwa nokuxoshwa neziteleka kuyisinyathelo esilandelayo esinengqondo. Isenzo esinjalo sakha imifelandawonye, โโsibonise indlela abantu abangasithinta ngayo ngokuqondile isimo, futhi sihlobanisa ukunyakaza ngokusobala nezidingo zamaphesenti angama-99.
Izinhlangano zomphakathi zivame ukuhlanganisa izimpi phansi nemizabalazo yoshintsho ngokusebenzisa umthetho. Ngawo-1930s, abasebenzi bahlasela futhi bahlela phansi futhi baphikisana nokuvinjelwa kwendawo kwenkululeko yokukhuluma futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo balwela "i-Magna Carta yabasebenzi," uMthetho we-Wagner. Ngeminyaka yawo-1960 inhlangano yamalungelo omphakathi yalwa nobukhosi babamhlophe ikhawunta eyodwa yesidlo sasemini kanye nendlu yokuvota eyodwa ngesikhathi, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo yakhankasela Imithetho Yamalungelo Oluntu kanye Namalungelo Okuvota. Eqinisweni, la mazinga womabili ayengama-synergistic.
Abantu abebengaphandle bebengabadlali ababalulekile emicimbini eyaholela kuNguquko yaseMelika. Imikhempa efana ne-Occupy Wall Street ibambe iqhaza elibalulekile kwezepolitiki yaseMelika kusukela kumakadebona wezempi 'Bonus March kampa ka-1932, kuya ekamu leResurrection City le-Poor People's Movement kulandela ukubulawa kukaMartin Luther King ngo-1968, kuya ku-1989 Camp Solidarity lapho abangaba ngu-50,000. abantu bakanise besekela abasebenzi basemayini yasePittston ababetelekile. I-Occupy Wall Street ibhala esinye isahluko kuleyo ndaba enhle.
Amandla kubantu abangaphandle!
UJeremy BrecherIncwadi entsha ka Save the Humans? I-Common Preservation in Action, esanda kushicilelwa ngu Abashicileli beParadigm, ikhuluma ngokuthi izinhlangano zomphakathi zenza kanjani izinguquko emphakathini. UBrecher ungumbhali wezincwadi ezingaphezu kweshumi nambili ezikhuluma ngokunyakaza kwezemisebenzi nezenhlalo, okuhlanganisa ne-Strike! kanye ne-Global Village noma i-Global Pillage kanye nowine imiklomelo ye-Emmy yesifunda emihlanu ngomsebenzi wakhe wefilimu oyidokhumentari. Njengamanje usebenza ne Inethiwekhi Yabasebenzi Yokusimama.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
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