Uhambo lukaBush oluya eLatin America luwumzamo obaliwe wokulwisana nethonya elikhulayo lika-Hugo Chavez esifundeni kanye nokuhlukanisa โababi kwesobunxeleโ โkokwesokunxele abalungileโ, okuyi-Uruguay futhi ngokwezinga elithile iBrazil. Unethemba lokuthi uzobangeza ezinhlakeni ezinciphayo zamazwe asekela i-US, okuhlanganisa iColombia, iGuatemala neMexico ayivakashelayo.
Kusukela ekuqaleni lolu hambo luvusa ukuphikiswa okusabalele. Uzobingelelwa ababhikishi eMontevideo, e-Uruguay abaphikisana nezivumelwano zokuhwebelana ezikhethekile okuxoxiswane ngazo nohulumeni waseTabare Vasquez. Ngisho namalungu eqembu lakhe elibusayo, iBroad Front, amatasa nokuhlela lo mbhikisho.
Ngaphesheya komngcele wase-Argentina, lapho uBush engeke ayivakashele, kuhlelwa imibhikisho emikhulu ukuze ihambisane nokuhlala kwakhe e-Uruguay. Futhi ukwengeza inhlamba ekulimaleni, u-Hugo Chavez, uyandiza ukubamba iqhaza. Yize uMongameli uNestor Kirchner engeke abambe iqhaza, izikhulu zikahulumeni ezisezingeni eliphansi zibambisene. Lokhu kuza ngemuva kochungechunge lwezivumelwano zezentengiselwano nezomnotho uKirchner asanda kuzisayina noChavez ohambweni lwaseCaracas, okuhlanganisa nokusungulwa kweBhange LaseNingizimu, elithathwa njengenye indlela yezikhungo ezibuswa yi-US njenge-Inter-American. Development Bank.
EColombia naseGuatemala, uBush uzozama ukusekela ohulumeni abanyakaziswa amahlazo ezepolitiki akamuva. Futhi eMexico, uhambo lwakhe lwenzelwe ukusiza uFelipe Calderon, ongomunye womongameli bokugcina eLatin America ukuthi asekele izinqubomgomo ze-orthodox neoliberal free trade of Washington. Ukunqoba kwakhe ukhetho oluncane ngonyaka odlule kubhekwa kabanzi njengokukhwabanisa.
Ngobusuku bangaphambi kohambo lukaBush i-White House yamemezela ukuthi ufuna โukukhuthaza ukuthula nokuchumaโ nokuthi uzokhipha amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-75 ohlelweni olusha lwemfundo lwabantu baseLatin America abazofunda e-United States kanye namaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-385 ngezinhlelo ezikhuthaza ubunikazi bezindlu. Lezi izinhlelo zamathokheni kakhulu, futhi ngeke zenze lutho ukukhulula ubumpofu kanye nokwehluka kwemali engenayo ekhulayo eLatin America.
Kuvele amagalelo amasha kunqubomgomo yaseMelika ezinsukwini ezandulela uhambo lukaBush. IPanama imemezele ukuthi ngeke isisayine isivumelwano sohwebo lwamahhala neWashington obekudingidwa ngaso. Futhi eNicaragua uhulumeni omusha kaDaniel Ortega usanda kumisa ikhomishana ekhethekile neVenezuela ezobheka ukuqaliswa kwezivumelwano zezomnotho eziyi-15, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zamandla, ezolimo, ezemfundo kanye nempilo. Uhlelo oluyisipesheli okuhloswe ngalo ukuqeda indlala luzothola u-$54 million kuthi u-$21 million uzoya kwezemfundo nokwakha izikole. Kuhlelwa futhi ukutshalwa kwezimali ukuze kwenziwe izimboni zikagesi zaseNicaragua zibe zesimanje, kwakhiwe indawo yokuhluza uwoyela, futhi kulungiswe ichweba elikhulu lamazwe ngamazwe laseNicaragua, iPuerto Cabezas.
ENingizimu Melika inhlangano eqinile yezizwe ezihlose ukusebenzisa izinguquko ezijulile kwezenhlalo ekhaya kanye nokuphikisa ukungenelela kwe-US esifundeni kubonakala sengathi kuyathuthuka, okuhlanganisa iVenezuela, iBolivia kanye nohulumeni osanda kukhethwa ka-Rafael Correa e-Ecuador. UCorrea usenqabile noma yisiphi isivumelwano sohwebo lwamahhala ne-United States futhi umemezele ukuthi uyayivala isizinda saseMelika eSouth America Pacific Coast etholakala eManta. Ngokusobala yakhelwe ukusiza ukuqapha ukushushumbiswa kwezidakamizwa phezu kolwandle kanye nomfula oseduze wase-Amazon, isiphenduke isikhungo esikhulu sokusebenza sokuqoqa ubuhlakani baseMelika kanye nokuxhumanisa imizamo yokulwa nokuvukela umbuso ngokumelene namavukelambuso angakwesokunxele eColombia engumakhelwane. Amasosha angaphezu kuka-475 ahlala ezungeziswa phakathi kweManta nekomkhulu le-US Southern Command elizinze eFlorida.
UNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle Wase-Ecuadorian, uMaria Fernanda Espinoza, lapho ememezela isisekelo izovalwa ngokusemthethweni ngo-2009, wathi: โI-Ecuador iyizwe elizimele. Asiwadingi amasosha angaphandle emhlabeni wethu.โ
Womathathu la mazwe aphakamisa ibhanela le-socialism. E-Venezuela u-Hugo Chavez uhlose ukuholela izwe โkwi-socialism entsha yekhulu lamashumi amabili nanye.โ E-Bolivia iqembu elibusayo i-Evo Morales libizwa ngokuthi i-Movement Towards Socialism, โiqembu lohlobo olushaโ elihlanganisa kakhulu izinhlangano zomphakathi. Futhi e-Ecuador, u-Rafael Correa enkulumweni yakhe yokuvula ngoJanuwari wacela ukuvulwa โkwi-socialism entsha yekhulunyaka lamashumi amabili nanyeโ futhi wamemezela ukuthi i-Ecuador kufanele iqede โisimiso esonakele esicekele phansi intando yeningi yethu, umnotho wethu kanye nomphakathi wethu. .โ
Lapho uBush ebuya futhi ethola ukuthi uhambo lwakhe alwenzi lutho olutheni ekuguquleni inkambiso ekhulayo yesokunxele yaseLatin America, isandla sensimbi sePhini LikaNobhala Wombuso omusha, uJohn Negroponte, sizophatha inqubomgomo yase-US. U-Negroponte njengenxusa laseHonduras wasiza ekuqhubeni impi ephikisanayo eNicaragua ngawo-1980, eyabulala izinkulungwane zezakhamuzi ezingenacala eHonduras naseNicaragua, futhi waziwa ngokukholelwa ukuthi izinyathelo ezinonya kufanele zithathwe ngokumelene noChavez kanye nesiphepho esasihlangene e-Honduras. I-Latin America. Uza esikhundleni sakhe esisha ngemuva kokusebenza njengoMqondisi Wezobunhloli Kuzwelonke, nangaphambi kwalelo nxusa e-Bagdhad. Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi i-Condoleezza Rice inobuchwepheshe obuncane e-Latin America, i-Negroponte izobeka inqubomgomo yesifunda, idlule amamoderethi ambalwa asele ehhovisi loMnyango Wezwe Lezindaba Ze-Hemispheric.
Nge-Negroponte singalindela ukwanda okuphawulekayo kwemisebenzi eyimfihlo yase-US, engahlosiwe kuphela e-Chavez e-Venezuela, kodwa futhi nakwabanye ohulumeni kanye nokunyakaza okudumile esifundeni okuhola icala ngokumelene nokubusa okungokomlando kwe-US kwe-Latin America futhi bagobile. ekwakheni imiphakathi elinganayo.
URoger Burbach ungumqondisi weCentre for the Study of the Americas (CENSA) kanye Nesazi Esivakashelayo e-Institute of International Studies, eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia, eBerkeley. Ungumbhali ngokubambisana noJim Tarbell we-"Imperial Overstretch: George W. Bush and the Hubris of Empire," Incwadi yakhe yakamuva ithi: "The Pinochet Affair: State Terrorism and Global Justice."
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