June 10, 2010
Ungasitshela nge-barrio lapho uhlala khona kanye ne-comana?
Ngihlala e-barrio engxenyeni esenyakatho yeCaracas futhi ngisebenza kunethiwekhi kazwelonke eyakha ama- comunas. Njengamanje sisebenza ezifundazweni eziyisikhombisa; iningi lamakhomuna akhiwe ngaphandle kwaseCaracas.
Sisebenzisana namakhomuna ukuze sakhe indawo yepolitiki ngendlela yokubamba iqhaza. Kuyinto entsha e-Venezuela. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, i- comuna yindawo yezombangazwe, hhayi njengoMbuso noma isifunda; kudalwa abantu bekwenzela abantu.
Njengamanje maningi ama-comunas kwezokwakha ezindaweni zasemakhaya, lapho anamandla khona. Yonke i-coma ineqiniso layo kuye ngesiko lezepolitiki kanye nendlela yokukhiqiza endaweni ethile. Isibonelo, endaweni esogwini umphakathi uzinikele ekudobeni, kanti endaweni yasemakhaya umkhiqizo usekelwe emhlabeni.
Sisebenzela ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi izici nezimiso ezihlanganisa lezi zigigaba ezihlukene, yiziphi izici ezifanayo naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izindlela zokukhiqiza namasiko zingahluka. Sihlela imihlangano kazwelonke lapho ama-comunas avela enyakatho, eningizimu, empumalanga nasentshonalanga engabelana ngolwazi lwawo futhi afunde komunye nomunye-amaphutha kanye nempumelelo.
Iyini inhloso enkulu yama-comunas?
Izinhloso zama- comunas zihlukene, futhi zithatha izinhlobo ezahlukene. Ngaphambi kokuba ikhomuna ibe khona zonke izinhlobo zezinhlangano zomphakathi lapho abantu babebamba iqhaza khona befuna izixazululo zezinkinga zabo, inhlangano yangakubo, uhulumeni kamasipala, njll. Umgomo wamakhomuna uwukwakha phezu kwalezi zinqubo futhi uzihlanganise ngokuhlela isisekelo sendawo lapho abantu behlala khona.
Kithina i-comana iyindawo yendawo, kodwa futhi indawo yezombusazwe lapho inhloso kuwukwakha i-socialism ngokugcwele, lapho abantu bephethe imfundo yabo kanye nokwakheka kwezombusazwe. Sifundisa โnge-convivenciaโ (ukuhlala ndawonye kahle) futhi sichaza kabanzi uhlelo lwensimu ethile. Okusha ngohlelo wukuthi abantu nabo bachaza okwabo ngohlelo lokubunjwa.
Abantu bahlakaniphile kakhulu; umsebenzi othuthuke kakhulu nabanye omakhelwane kule nqubo yokwakha indawo ehlala njalo yokwakheka. Izisebenzi zikahulumeni, ezisebenzela umbuso, eziye kulezi zindawo, zasheshe zathola ukuthi abantu babezichaza ngokwabo ngohlelo lwabo.
Ngokusobala amanye ama-comana athuthuke kakhulu kunamanye. Kunzima kakhulu ukwakha i- comuna ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, isibonelo, ngoba abanalo ulwazi [ngezinhlobo ezahlukene] zokukhiqiza; isibonelo, abanalo ulwazi ngobudlelwane [abangebona onxiwankulu] bomphakathi nomhlaba. Kukhona oguquguqukayo edolobheni ongonxiwankulu kakhulu. Kodwa ezindaweni zasemaphandleni baye balondoloza izici eziningi zokuthi "okwethu", kusukela kokhokho bethu, imiphakathi yendabuko, imiphakathi yase-afro-Venezuela. Lawa magugu asekhona. Ngalesi sizathu kulula ezindaweni zasemakhaya kunasemadolobheni. Nakuba kunabantu abambalwa emaphandleni, izinga le-compaรฑeros liphezulu kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi akekho noyedwa umuntu ongamvotelanga uChรกvez; lokhu akuvamile ezindaweni zasemadolobheni.
Ungakwazi yini ukuchaza ukwakheka kwakho kwezepolitiki? Ungene kanjani kuma-comunas?
Ngangiyisishoshovu sabafundi eNyuvesi. Ngangikhuthele ezinhlanganweni zezombangazwe ngaphambi kukaChรกvez, kodwa babungekho ubuhlobo phakathi kwezinhlangano zezenhlalakahle namaqembu ezombangazwe. Ngo-1992, lapho uChรกvez ekhululwa ejele, izinto zaqala ukushintsha. Besilokhu sibambe iqhaza emazingeni aphansi enhlangano edumile; bezimbalwa izikhala zezombangazwe ongabamba iqhaza kuzo ngaphambi [kokukhululwa kuka-Chรกvez] ukuze uhileleke endaweni yangakini, enhlanganweni yakho ethandwayo, eqenjini lakho lamasiko.
Kodwa kusukela uChรกvez akhululwa [futhi waqala ukwakha inhlangano yezombangazwe okhethweni lwango-1998] izinto zashintsha. Ngahileleka; kwakungumthwalo wethu ukusiza ukwakha inqubo kanye nokunyakaza eCaracas. Ngahileleka kuMdidiyeli Odumile waseCaracas, futhi ngemva kwalokho ngaqala isinyathelo sokudala ama-comunas. Manje siyiqembu elisebenza kuma- comunas.
Kunemibono eminingi ehlukene mayelana nama-communas, isibonelo, phakathi kwenethiwekhi yethu yezishoshovu nalokho u-Chรกvez akuphakamisile. Kunemibono eyahlukene. Sakha kubantu, hhayi uhulumeni. Siye saba nokuthuthuka okungajwayelekile; kodwa intuthuko enamandla kakhulu iye yaba lapho abantu sebeqiniseka ukuthi lena indlela, lapho sebekhuthele endaweni yabo.
Asebenza kanjani ama-comunas?
Ngokomlando bekunezinhlangano ezehlukene ebezihlangana ukuxazulula izinkinga zomakhelwane. Umbono wethu bekuwukuhlanganisa lezi zinhlangano ukuze ziqale ukubamba iqhaza ngezindaba ezibambekayo. Sihlela ama-workshops. Ake sithi umphakathi awunawo amanzi. Sizohlela umhlangano omayelana namanzi. Abantu bathi, โAwu bona! Singakwazi ukuzixazulula izinkinga zethu.โ
Sibheka isixazululo senhlalakahle kule nkinga. Hhayi nje ukuqasha inkampani ezimele ukuthi ilungise okuthile, kodwa ukusebenzisana nohulumeni nabantu ukulungisa inkinga. Ukusebenza kuqala ngezidingo eziyisisekelo zabantu kuzobakhuthaza ukuthi babambe iqhaza. Siphinde sisebenze nabo ukuze sicabange kabanzi ngekusasa, ukuthi singazithuthukisa kanjani izinto ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo sisebenza ndawonye ekuxazululeni izinto ezilula, njengokuhlala ndawonye. Izinto ezidinga nje izinkambiso, umzamo omncane osisiza ukuthi siphile ndawonye kangcono. Umphakathi ungase unqume ukuthi โAsikwazi ukuphuza emigwaqweni,โ ngokwesibonelo. Abanye abantu babona lezi zinguquko ezincane bese bengenela umzabalazo uma bebona imiphumela. Bayabona ukuthi inhlangano ehlangene ingenzeka.
Kukhona inethiwekhi yabagqugquzeli be-comunas ehlanganisa, kodwa ukubamba iqhaza kwabantu kuyisisekelo. Kukhona abantu bazo zonke izinhlobo ezibamba iqhaza ku-comana: abantu abavela kwesokunxele, abantu abasuka kwesokudla, abantu abangenandaba nalutho. Abantu bangena nenkinga ethinta umndeni wabo, isikole ngokwesibonelo ngoba ithinta izingane zabo.
Akuwona wonke umuntu oyi-socialist. Empeleni, idlanzana lababambe iqhaza kuma-comunas lingama-socialists. Kufanele sibhekane nezindaba ezibalulekile kubo. Lokhu kungenziwa kuphela ngokuzijwayeza, futhi lena yindlela abantu abazibandakanya ngayo.
Yiziphi ezinye zezinkinga ezinkulu obhekana nazo uzama ukwakha i-socialism kusuka komakhelwane kuya emazingeni aphezulu?
Kunento eyodwa ekhinyabeza umsebenzi wethu okuwukuguquguquka kokhetho, okukhathaza kakhulu. Ukuba semikhankasweni njalo akusivumeli ukuthi sihlanganise inqubo yemvelo ezingeni lendawo. Kunzima ukubhekana nezinkinga emphakathini uma sekumele sigxile ezintweni ezifana nengqungquthela, kube yireferendamu, ukhetho lukazwelonke, kube wukhetho lukamongameli, kube wukhetho lokuphatha nokunye. Njengamanje sisokhethweni lwamakhansela kamasipala. Lokhu kuguquguquka okuqhubekayo kokhetho kwenza buthaka inqubo yemvelo ezingeni lendawo ngoba kuyasiphazamisa ekubhekaneni nezinkinga zansuku zonke abantu ababhekana nazo ezindaweni zabo.
Yiziphi izimfuno eziyinhloko endaweni esenyakatho yeCaracas lapho uhlala khona?
Inkinga enkulu kule ndawo ukufudukela kwabantu emadolobheni okungahleliwe. Iningi lezwe lisezandleni zonxiwankulu abancane kakhulu ngakho-ke abantu abavamile kuye kwadingeka bakhe izindlu zabo emagqumeni eduze nomhosha, izindawo ezaziyizintaba. ekuqaleni yayishiywe ingenalutho [ngenxa yezimo ezibucayi]. Kunemifula engu-29 endaweni yaseCaracas, futhi njalo uma lina kakhulu abantu abahlala kulezi zindawo basengozini enkulu. Izindlu zabo ziyaguguleka. Abantu abaningi bayafa. Ngokwesibonelo ngo-1999 kwaba nenhlekelele okwafa kuyo abantu abaningi. Abantu bafuna isixazululo sale nkinga.
Enye itimu ukuvikeleka ngokomzimba noma ukungavikeleki. Kunzima ukuthola indawo yokuhlangana ngoba abantu bayesaba. Kuyinkinga ngempela. Kodwa abaphikisi abangakwesokudla kanye nabezindaba baye benza ihaba le ndaba, futhi bayenza the inkinga kuma barrios. Ngicabanga ukuthi kunezinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu. Ezokuphepha wudaba lwamaqembu aphikisayo, abezindaba bayawubhala, ngakho-ke kunenkulumompikiswano ngale nkinga.
Ngabe izinga lempilo yabantu lishintshe kanjani kusukela kwaqala uguquko lwaseBolivarian?
Enye yezinguquko ezinkulu isendaweni yezemfundo nezimishini, isibonelo, i-Mission Sucre. Manje noma ubani ofuna ukuya enyuvesi angaya. Ngaphambi kokuthi u-7% kuphela wabafundi kwi-UCV babe ngabantu abampofu njengami. Futhi mhlawumbe u-2% kuphela wabafundi baseSimรณn Bolรญvar ababempofu. Manje wonke umuntu ufunda ebusuku. Eqinisweni, ngezinye izikhathi kuba nzima ukuthola isikhathi sokuhlangana ngenxa yokuthi wonke umuntu uyafunda! Singabamba imihlangano ngezimpelaviki kuphela.
Okunye okubalulekile osekushintshile wukuthi ngaphambi kuka-1998, akuzange kube khona mpikiswano yezombusazwe ezigodini. Ngangiyingxenye yeqembu elincane elalimelana nalokhu, lizama ukuvusa inkulumo-mpikiswano yezombangazwe enyuvesi. Ngeminyaka yawo-1980, kwakungabafundi kuphela ababehlangana, baphumele emigwaqweni. Kodwa manje abantu sebekhuluma ngepolitiki yonke indawo, emabhasini nasezinkantini. Akuvamile ukuthi abantu ababili abaphuza ubhiya bangakhulumi ngepolitiki.
Enye impumelelo ebalulekile ukuthi abantu bakhulume ngesocialism. Mhlawumbe abakhulumi nge-socialism ngendlela โyesayensi,โ njengalokho okushiwo uMarx noma uLenin. Kodwa bakhuluma nge-socialism ngokujwayela. Kusenokwesaba okuthile, kodwa kuncane kakhulu kunakuqala. Isibonelo, sake sakhombisa ifilimu ekhuluma nge-socialism endaweni ethile ngeminyaka yawo-1980 noma 1990. Abantu bavele bakuphindaphinda abakuzwile emaphephandabeni, ukuthi amaSocialists azokuhlukumeza nokuthi wonke amaSocialists angondlovukayiphikiswa. Manje abantu bahlobanisa i-socialism nentando yeningi. Ngempela, wona kanye umqondo wentando yeningi usushintshile. Ukube uChรกvez wabulawa, okuyinto engenzeka ngempela ngoba kube nezinhlelo eziningi zokumbulala, bekuyoba nempi yombango.
Kodwa noma ngabe kwenzekani, ukuqhubeka kwentando yeningi yokubamba iqhaza akunakuhlehliswa. Asikwazi ukubuyela emuva embusweni wentando yeningi omele abantu. Kungase kube nolunye uhlobo olusele, kodwa manje abantu kufanele bahlale bebambe iqhaza; intando yeningi ebambe iqhaza iyingxenye esemqoka yalolu guquko. Abantu bayakuqonda ukubaluleka kwayo, bayakufuna, futhi bafuna ukukwenza.
Futhi bayawubona umehluko endleleni ezombangazwe ezisebenza ngayo. Ngaphambi kokuba iqiniso lezepolitiki ligxile kulokho okwenzeka โeMirafloresโ (isigodlo sikamongameli). Manje kunemisebenzi eminingi yezombangazwe, kunezinhlangano ezibalulekile zomphakathi. Likhona ithemba, likhona ithemba. Manje abantu benza okungaphezu nje kokulinda njalo ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu ukuze babambe iqhaza okhethweni. Sinabantu abayizigidi ezingu-7 abangamasosha e-United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV). Kunezigidi zabantu ababamba iqhaza emikhandlwini yomphakathi.
Lokhu akusho ukuthi wonke umuntu unomqondo othuthukile wezepolitiki noma ulwazi lwezepolitiki; kuseyinqubo eguquguqukayo. Angeke kube khona iqembu lamavukelambuso ngaphandle kwamavukelambuso. Futhi ukuzibophezela ekwakheni amavukelambuso kusalokhu kungathuthukisiwe.
Kusenezinkinga ohlelweni lweBolivarian. Kube nokuthuthuka okubalulekile kwezomnotho, isibonelo, ukuncipha kokuntuleka kwemisebenzi, iholo elincane eliphakeme, impesheni engcono, kodwa kusenezinga eliphansi lokuqaphela ipolitiki. Abantu kufanele bakwazi ukuphatha amathiyori ezepolitiki nezomnotho uma sifuna ukuqhubekela phambili, njengaseCuba, lapho umuntu ojwayelekile emgwaqeni ehlaziya okwenzeka ezweni, emhlabeni. ECuba kunezinga eliphezulu lokuqaphela ipolitiki. Leli zinga [lokuvukela] lisantuleka eVenezuela. Kuyingozi uguquko. Lude ukhalo esiluhambile kodwa kusekuningi esingakwenza.
Isho ukuthini intando yeningi yokubamba iqhaza kumakhomuna?
Kunesisho lapha esiphakamisa ukuthi intando yeningi yokubamba iqhaza ayikona esikwenzayo kodwa imayelana nendlela esizokwenza ngayo. Kusho ukuthi sonke sakhela ndawonye lokho esifuna ukukwenza, sinquma ukuthi sifuna ukunikela ngani, amaphrojekthi ethu okuthuthukisa izimpilo zethu.
Ukubamba iqhaza kufanele kube okwawo wonke umuntu noma ngabe ukuhulumeni, ngokumelene nohulumeni, ukusuka kwesokunxele, kwesokudla. Okuwukuphela kwayo onegunya umhlangano wezakhamuzi. Umhlangano, akulona iqembu elikhethiweโฆ cha, umhlangano onqumayo ngohlelo lwentuthuko kumhlangano ngamunye.
Uma kunezinkulumo mpikiswano sizama ukufinyelela esivumelwaneni, futhi uma singakwenzi lokho, siyaqhubeka nokubonisana. Uma kungekho sivumelwano sidabula kancane kancane udaba ukuze sifinyelele esivumelwaneni ngezingxenye ezincane. Ukubamba iqhaza kwethu ekwakhiweni kwepolitiki; siphinde sibambe iqhaza ekwenziweni kwephrojekthi. Isibonelo, umphakathi ufuna umsele wamanzi. Izwe lithi, โKulungile. Nansi imali. Yakhani manje, nisebenzise izimali.โ
Kodwa asibambi iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwenqubomgomo kazwelonke, hhayi ngokuqondile. Inqubomgomo yongqongqoshe ayinqunywa ngenqubo yokubamba iqhaza. Sithe, โKodwa kufanele sibambe iqhaza!โ Sibamba iqhaza ezingeni lendawo, kodwa i-socialism akuyona into eyenzekayo kuphela ezingeni lendawo. Kudingeka sihlanganise iwebhu ehlanganisa izindawo zendawo, izindawo, namakhomuna, ngoba amazinga kazwelonke nawamazwe ngamazwe anomthelela kulokho okwenzekayo ezingeni lendawo. Ngeke nje sibe yi-comana ye-socialist, isiqhingi esincane olwandle lwe-capitalism. Phela sizoshintshana nobani?
KunoMnyango Wezamandla Adumile we-Comunas Nokuvikelwa Komphakathi kodwa azikho izindlela zokubamba iqhaza zokubeka inqubomgomo yawo. Njengamanje lokhu kwenzeka emiphakathini yomdabu. KunoMnyango Wezindaba Zomdabu futhi imiphakathi ibambe iqhaza, inquma. Banomkhandlu kazwelonke owenza inqubomgomo. Sesibeke isiphakamiso sokuthi kube nokulawula okwengeziwe phezu koMnyango wamaComunas, kodwa asikakavunyelwa. Kuningi ukumelana.
Kufanele uqonde into eyodwa. Ama-comanas ayisikhala samandla. Kunamakhomuna asebenzise izinsiza eziningi ukwedlula abanye ohulumeni bomasipala. Ngakho-ke, ama-comunas akhiwe izikhala zamandla; iningi lamakhomunas ngokusemthethweni liyingxenye ye-PSUV, kodwa ngokuvamile izikhulu ze-Chavista emazingeni endawo azifuni ngempela ukwabelana ngamandla. Esikhundleni salokho, kunokungqubuzana phakathi kwamakhomuna nezimeya nababusi bakwaChavista. Nakuba sonke simi nezingalo zethu ndawonye esithombeni noChรกvez, empeleni kukhona ukubhekana ngeziqu zamehlo. Ababusi abayiqondi le nto eguquguqukayo ngoba abaphathi abafuni ukuphelelwa amandla.
Ababusi nezimeya bacabanga ukuthi bazokwakha iSocialism kumasipala wabo, kusukela ebuholini babo. Kodwa sithi, uma umbuso womphakathi ungazalwa, ukuhlalisana ngeke kwenzeke. Okwamanje ayikho i-comuna ye-socialist ephelele, lapho kudingidwa khona yonke into, lapho kunenye indlela, i-socialist, uhlelo lwezomnotho, lapho othisha nabo bevela ku-comana, benikeza intsha amakilasi. Lokhu kungenzeka ngolunye usuku, kodwa hhayi manje lapho kunelinye izinga likahulumeni elinquma isabelomali sonke. Iphrojekthi iwukuxhumanisa wonke la ma-comunas ezingeni likazwelonke; okwamanje lokhu akwenzeki ngoba ezindaweni eziningi asibambe iqhaza ekunqumeni isabelomali sikamasipala. Sibamba iqhaza kumaphrojekthi amancane, futhi uhulumeni wasekhaya uyaqhubeka ngokuzimela sengathi besingekho kuguquko lwezenhlalakahle.
Ngazi kuphela ngezimo ezimbili ezizimele lapho lokhu [isabelomali esibambe iqhaza ngokubandakanyeka kwe-comana] senzeka ngempela: edolobheni laseTorres esifundazweni saseLara, nasedolobheni lase-Bolรญvar esifundazweni sase-Falcรณn. Kunjalo ngoba kulaba masipala amaqabane [izimeya] ngempela asuka kwesokunxele. Iningi lababusi aliveli kwesobunxele. Ezikhathini eziningi, umbuso uwumbuso wonxiwankulu futhi ukuhlukanisa lesi sifundazwe yikona okugxilwe kukho ezingxabanweni eziqhubekayo. Lokhu kuthatha amandla amaningi epolitiki. Umengameli uyakwazi lokhu kuphikisana kodwa angicabangi ukuthi useyitholile indlela yokunqoba le nkinga. Akulula. Ngakolunye uhlangothi unabantu abahlelekile futhi abenza iziphakamiso kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi abantu abavela eqenjini elilodwa abahlanganisa umbuso wonxiwankulu.
Ithini indima yabesifazane kuma-comunas?
Iningi labantu ababamba iqhaza kuma-comunas ngabesifazane. Ngicabanga ukuthi uma sikhuluma ngokuqhubeka kwenqubo, lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Njengamanje kuningi ukubamba iqhaza kwabantu besifazane kanye nabasemazingeni aphansi. Kodwa kuphelela lapho. Uma sekuyisikhathi sokubamba ukhetho lwezikhundla ezinomthwalo owengeziwe, bese kuba ngamadoda asuke engenele ukhetho.
Umongameli usebeke izinhlelo eziningi zokulwa nalo mkhuba, futhi kube nentuthuko eminingi. Ephathini, isibonelo, u-50% wabangenele ukhetho kumele kube ngabesifazane. Futhi uma uya emiphakathini, iningi lalabo ababambe iqhaza ngabesifazane, futhi iningi labantu abafunda emamishini ngabesifazane. Ngokomlando eVenezuela naseLatin America, imiphakathi ibicwasa kakhulu ngokobulili futhi bekunzima ukuthi abesifazane baphume ngisho ezindlini. Ngaphambi kokuthi uChรกvez eze esikhundleni, ukuhlanganyela kwabesifazane kwakungavamile ngempela. Abesifazane abavela Kwesokunxeleโabavela ku-mineardโbahlale bebambe iqhaza empilweni yezenhlalo nepolitiki. Kodwa manje isisakazeke kakhulu. Ngicabanga ukuthi emazingeni aphezulu enqubo, kunenani labesifazane ababalulekile abenza izinto ezimangalisayo.
Kunezinto okusamele zishintshe. Njengemithetho. Isibonelo, uma ngikhulelwa ngiba nezinyanga eziyisithupha zokuphumula kodwa umyeni wami akatholi ngisho usuku. Enye yezinto esizicelile wukulingana kulolu daba. Ngicabanga ukuthi sizowina kulolu daba.
Omunye umkhawulo ukuthi abesifazane banesibopho sokunakekela izingane eVenezuela. Kunzima ukuthi abesifazane babambe iqhaza, emkhandlwini womphakathi, isibonelo, ngoba kufanele bashiye izingane zabo ndawana thize. Lokhu kuba nomthelela ezinqumweni zabesifazane zokungazithathi izikhundla zezepolitiki ngomthwalo owengeziwe, ikakhulukazi uma isikhundla sibandakanya uhambo. Lesi yisithiyo sangempela, nakuba izinga lokubamba iqhaza emiphakathini liphezulu ngempela.
Uyini umbono wesikhathi eside wokuthuthukisa intando yeningi yokubamba iqhaza kusuka ngezansi ngokusebenzisa amakhomuna?
Lapha nginombono ohlukile kuhulumeni. Umbono kahulumeni ukuthi ngibonakale emphakathini, ngiqale ku-zero, futhi kungakapheli isigamu sesonto nginikeze izinkundla zokucobelelana ngolwazi ngepolitiki. Njengoba ngishilo ngenhla, izinga lokuqaphela kwezombangazwe eVenezuela lisebuthakathaka.
Inqubo yokwakha ukwazi kwezepolitiki, ukwakheka, ayikwazi ukushesha. Akufani nokuthi ungaya esikoleni isonto lonke uthole isitifiketi. Kufanele kube unomphela. Uma unethimba elakhiwe abantu abafanayo abavela emkhandlwini womphakathi abakhulisa ukwazi kwabantu emphakathini wabo, lena indlela yokudala abagqugquzeli. Kuyinqubo ende ukufunda ngazo zonke izigaba ezahlukene: i-anarchism, socialism kanye nemisinga yayo ehlukahlukene. Kuthatha okungenani iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu. Akuwona nje umbono; kufundwa nangezenzo. Ufunda ngokusebenza, kodwa futhi ngokufunda nangokuzindla. Kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuthola ukuthi imikhuba ethile yezenhlalo nepolitiki ingeye-socialism, kanti eminye ingeyonxiwankulu.
Eminye imikhandlu yemiphakathi inamazinga aphezulu okubunjwa kwezepolitiki kuneminye. Lezi zinhlangano ziyaqonda ukuthi umkhandlu womphakathi awuyona nje indawo yokwamukela izinsiza. Bayaqonda ukuthi umkhandlu โuyinhlangano yomphakathiโ entsha. Yindawo yezepolitiki kanye nomsebenzi wezepolitiki. Eqinisweni, iningi lemikhandlu alikuqondi ngale ndlela. Sisasebenzisana nemikhandlu ukulungisa umqondo wokuthi โhey, le nkinga singayixazulula ngendlela yonxiwankulu noma ngendlela yesocialist.โ Sifuna ukuxazulula izinkinga, kodwa sikwenze ngendlela entsha. Kodwa kuba nzima uma izinkampani ezihlinzeka ngemisebenzi, isibonelo, zikhiqiza izinto zokwakha izindlu, zisengonxiwankulu. Izindlu ziyisibonelo esihle ngoba inkinga yezindlu isaqhubeka nokuba nkulu. Mhlawumbe senza amabhlogo, kodwa kufanele sithenge usimende enkampanini yonxiwankulu. Bese uqasha umuntu ukuthi abeke amabhlogoโฆ Akukhona nje ukuxazulula inkinga, kodwa siyixazulula kanjani inkinga... ukwakha iSocialism kunokuqinisa ubunxiwankulu. Sineminyaka engama-500 yobukoloniyali nokuxhashazwa, ngakho-ke lokhu kuyinselelo enkulu, ukwakha kabusha lonke uhlelo lwezenhlalo-mnotho. Ukwakha umbuso omusha kuyinselelo enkulu.
Isibonelo, kwezinye izimo siye sandisa umkhiqizo wezolimo. Kodwa ilayisi lithunyelwe enkampanini egaya futhi ipakishe ilayisi futhi ilidayise futhi ngenani eliphindwe kashumi. Kuyangihlekisa, akuwenzi umqondo. Kufanele sithathe izitshalo, sithathe izinkampani. Kodwa akulula ukukwenza. Futhi imikhandlu yomphakathi ayikulungele ngempela ukwenza yonke le misebenzi.
Sizithola sisembuthanweni ononya. Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokunqoba lokhu ukwakha ubudlelwano phakathi kwemikhandlu yomphakathi, izikhungo zikahulumeni kanye nohulumeni. Imikhandlu isezinhlelweni zokuqina kodwa kuzothatha lukhulu ukudlulela esinyathelweni esilandelayo.
Uyini umbono esikhathini eside? Ngabe amakhomuna azoqhubeka nokuba khona eduze nombuso wonxiwankulu, noma azogcina esikhundleni sawo afake izindlela ezintsha zokuzibusa?
Lo mbuzo ungenza ngicabange ngoba inqubo yoguquko yenzeka ngezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlangano ezabhajwa endleleni. Umongameli wake washo ukuthi ama-nucleos of endogenous development awazange asebenze kahle. Abantu bavame ukubuza, โHlobo luni lwenhlangano esiludingayo, okuyithuluzi elanele lokusisiza ukusilethela esikufunayoโฆ i-comuna, umfelandawonye?โ Futhi ngiyachaza ukuthi yini umfelandawonye, โโinkampani yempahla yomphakathi. I-coma ingenye into. Senza konke ukuzama ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi i-comuna iba ithuluzi elibalulekile lokushintsha kwezenhlalo ngoba singama-Marxโฆ iyona ndlela kuphela yokwakha i-socialism, kusuka ngezansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eVenezuela kukhona okuhlangenwe nakho komlando nama-comanas. Lolu uhlobo lwethu lwasekuqaleni lwenhlangano. Akusona isimanga kithi. Yebo, ngenxa yobukoloni konke lokhu kwashintsha. Kodwa uhlobo lwangempela ku-"America Yethu" kwakuyilolu. Lolu wuhlobo lwepolitiki abantu ababebusa ngalo izimpilo zabo ngokuhlanganyela.
Sibonile nezinye izinhlobo zesocialism ezakhiwa umbuso, njengeSoviet Union. Lapho leso simo siwa, yonke into yacekelwa phansi. Ngakho, kukhona okwenzeka lapho. Ingabe ngempela abantu bazizwa sengathi babeyingxenye yalolu hlelo? Kube khona impumelelo kodwa abantu abazizwa beyingxenye yalokho. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwazo zonke izinguquko zesikhathi esidlule, eRussia, eCuba, kwamanye amazwe aseNingizimu, kubonisa ukuthi uma abantu bengahlanganyeli ngempela, umbuso wonxiwankulu uyaqhubeka. Umqondo onjalo wenhlalakahle yabantu awunakwenzeka, ngoba umbuso wonxiwankulu akuwona owabantu. Manje sisebenzela ukwakha ezinye izinhlelo, zokushintshisana ngobumbano kanye nokuhwebelana. Umbono ukuthi i-comana iqala futhi ukuphatha imisakazo yomphakathi, iziteshi ze-TV.
Sidingida ukuthi ama- comunas azohlelwa kanjani. Buzoba yini ubudlelwano bamandla, yimaphi amandla amakhomuna azobe ephetheโezokwahlulela, ezokuphatha, njll. Okukhona manje umhlangano wenkulumo-mpikiswano. Kodwa ngokweqiniso i-comuna ye-socialist ayikabi khona; sisawakha amakhomina. Sise-comuna lapho sizibusa, lapho singadingi ijaji ukuthi lisitshele ukuthi, "Le ndlu akuyona eyenu." Noma ake sithi uhlala endaweni futhi udinga incwadi efakazela indawo yakho yokuhlala. Kumele uye esikhungweni esisho lokhu. I-coma ingakwenza lokhu. Umakhelwane wakho angaqinisekisa lapho uhlala khona.
I-Capitalism yakha ungqimba lwabantu abangabanikazi bezimpilo zabantu. Uma ungenalo ikhadi lokuhlala, ziningi izinto ongeke ukwazi ukuzenza. Kungani sidinga amakhadi okuhlala? Umbuso wonxiwankulu udale lesi sigaba sabaphathi esingabadingi, abenza sengathi bayazazi izinto. Izigaba ezidumile zomphakathi ezansi kufanele zilinde zize zixazulule izinkinga. Kodwa ikhomuna ingenza zonke lezi zinto, inqume zonke lezi zinto. Ngaphambi kokuba kufike abaseSpain, yile ndlela esasiphila ngayo. Kodwa wuhlelo olude lokukhulisa ukwazi kwabantu ukuze bakwazi ukulawula izimpilo zabo. Futhi akuyona "into ye-anarchist" lapho noma ubani engenza noma yini ayifunayo. Kunemikhuba yokuhlalisana okumele umuntu ayihloniphe. Kunemikhuba elawula impilo yokusebenza nayo okumele ihlonishwe. Abantu kumele bahloniphe le mithetho ngokubona kwabo kunokuthi kunomthetho obacindezelayo.
Ekugcineni, noma ngabe uMongameli uChรกvez ukhona noma cha, inqubo incike kubantu. Okwamanje, uhlelo lulonke luncike kakhulu kumengameli. Uthathwa njengesiqinisekiso sokuthi lolu hlelo luzoqhubekela phambili, futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu abaphendulayo bafuna ukumqeda.
Uma omunye uhulumeni ethatha isikhundla sikaChรกvez kungase kungenzeki ukuhlangana ngokwepolitiki emigwaqweni. Ngohulumeni ophiko lwesokudla wesikhathi esidlule, bekufanele ube nencwadi eyodwa kaMarx, uChe Guevara, noma uFidel Castro, ukuze ushushiswe.
USusan Spronk ufundisa eSikoleni Sokuthuthukiswa Kwamazwe Ngamazwe kanye Nezifundo Zomhlaba Wonke eNyuvesi yase-Ottawa. Uyinhlangano yocwaningo ne-Municipal Services Project futhi ushicilele izindatshana ezimbalwa mayelana nokwakhiwa kwamakilasi kanye nepolitiki yasemanzini eBolivia.
UJeffery R. Webber ufundisa ezombangazwe eNyuvesi yaseRegina. Ungumbhali we U-Okthoba Obomvu: Imishikashika Yomdabu Yesokunxele e-Modern Bolivia (Brill, 2010), futhi Ukuvukela Enguqukweni e-Bolivia: Ukuzabalaza Kwekilasi, Inkululeko Yomdabu kanye Nezepolitiki zika-Evo Morales (Haymarket, 2011).
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela