UMongameli Wezisebenzi Zensimbi u-Leo Gerard uthe mayelana nokukhetha phakathi kwendawo ehlanzekile nemisebenzi emihle, “Ungaba nakho kokubili, noma awunakho.” Kukhona ukungezwani phakathi kwalabo baholi bezinyunyana abahle abalwela imisebenzi ehloniphekile kanye nomnotho olungile, kanye nalabo abahle bezemvelo abalwela iplanethi lapho bonke abantu bengaba nempilo enhle.
Ezindaweni zamalahle zase-Appalachian, zona lezi zinkampani ezigcina ngamabomu imisebenzi engewona amalahle ngaphandle kwesifunda futhi zihlukanise izintaba ukuze zithole inzuzo enkulu zilala emiphakathini yezimayini ukuthi isizathu sokudilizwa yi-Environmental Protection Agency ebizwa ngokuthi “Impi Ngamalahle.” Umvukuzi osewasempumalanga waseKentucky osethathe umhlalaphansi uyabhala, “Ngincamela amalahle angcolile kunesihawu se-'Christmas in Appalachia'," engaqapheli izinketho ezinkulu.
Ngakho-ke izishoshovu ezintathu zanquma ukuba nengxoxo mayelana nemisebenzi kanye nemvelo. UBill Fletcher uzibophezele kubulungiswa bezomnotho kanye nobumbano lwesigaba sabasebenzi. UBill Gallegos uzinikele ebulungiswa bezemvelo kanye nokunyakaza kobulungiswa besimo sezulu. U-Anne Lewis ungumdidiyeli wefilimu onentshisekelo ejulile kwezabasebenzi nobulungiswa bezemvelo.
Sinqume ukungazigodli ekwehlukaneni kwezinto nezombusazwe, noma emcabangweni owakhe ucwaningo oluphathekayo lobumbano.
Uza kulokhu uvela ezinhlangothini ezihlukene kunenkulumo evamile mayelana nemisebenzi nendawo. Bill Gallegos, uchaza umehluko phakathi kobulungiswa bezemvelo kanye namaqembu ezemvelo ajwayelekile.
Gallegos: Inhlangano yobulungiswa bezemvelo yavela emzabalazweni wokulingana nokuzibusa kwemiphakathi ecindezelwe ngokwebala. Sigxile kakhulu ekubhekaneni nomthwalo onzima wokungcoliswa kwemvelo othwelwe imiphakathi yabebala kanye nemiphakathi empofu yabamhlophe. AboMdabu baseMelika, abase-Afrika baseMelika, abaseLatina/os, abaseziQhingini zase-Asia Pacific, kanye nabelungu besigaba sabasebenzi bavame ukuhlala eduze kwemigwaqo enguthelawayeka, izizinda zikagesi, izindawo zokulahla imfucumfucu enobuthi, izindawo zokuhluzwa uwoyela, amagceke kaloliwe, izitshalo zamakhemikhali neminye imithombo emikhulu yokungcola. Ngakho isizinda sethu siphakathi kwabantu besigaba sabasebenzi bebala kanye nabamhlophe besigaba sabasebenzi (ikakhulukazi ezweni lamalahle). Amandla omphakathi wobulungiswa bezemvelo asondelene kakhulu naphansi futhi ezingeni lendawo nelesifunda lapho bezuze khona ukunqoba okuningi eminyakeni embalwa edlule - ukuvala izizinda zokuphehla ugesi ngamalahle, ukumisa amaphrojekthi okunwetshwa kwendawo yokuhluzwa uwoyela kanye nokwakhiwa kwemvelo. izitshalo zamandla kagesi, ukudala amaphrojekthi wamandla ahlanzekile endawo, ukuthuthukisa amapulazi emvelo asemadolobheni, njalonjalo.
Iningi lamaqembu amakhulu amakhulu aluhlaza njenge-Sierra Club kanye ne-World Wildlife Fund anomlando wokongiwa kwemvelo, afuna ukulondoloza noma ukuthuthukisa amapaki nezindawo zemvelo. Isisekelo sabo ikakhulukazi singabantu abamhlophe nabaphakathi, futhi ukuma kwabo ikakhulukazi kube ukumela kwezomthetho kanye nokunxenxa ikakhulukazi ezingeni likahulumeni. Amaqembu aluhlaza muva nje atshale imali enkulu yezinsiza emzamweni ongaphumelelanga wokuphasisa umthetho wombuso wesimo sezulu namandla. Esinye sezici eziyinhloko zalo mthetho kwakuwuhlelo lokuhweba ngokungcola obeluzovumela abangcolisi bezimboni ukuba bagweme ukuncishiswa emthonjeni uma bethenga izimvume zokungcolisa noma bedala amaphrojekthi we-offset, isibonelo ukutshala izihlahla eMexico noma kwenye indawo. Umqondo uwukuthi ekugcineni izihlahla zizomunca ikhabhoni eyanele ukuze “zisuse” ukukhishwa kwayo, kusho inkampani ehluza uwoyela eCalifornia. Umphakathi wobulungiswa bezemvelo uphikisana kakhulu nokuhweba ngokungcola ngenxa yokuthi kwehlulekile e-Europe (amazinga okukhishwa kwemvelo ayanda); angeke enze lutho ukuvimba ukulimala kwabantu emiphakathini eseduze nomthombo; futhi bavame ukususa abantu bendawo eGlobal South emhlabeni wabo. Umphakathi wobulungiswa bezemvelo uye wafinyelela emaqenjini aluhlaza ukuze axoxisane ngezinkathazo zethu mayelana nokuhweba ngokungcoliswa kwemvelo nezinye izinkinga ngomthetho ohlongozwayo wenhlangano. Amaqembu aluhlaza akuchithile ukukhathazeka kwethu ngokungacabangi kakhulu ngobufakazi esibethulile noma iziphakamiso zethu zeminye imibono yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa.
Nakuba kunezibonelo zokubambisana kwendawo phakathi kobulungiswa bezemvelo namaqembu aluhlaza, izinkinga ezinkulu ziyaqhubeka nokubonakalisa lobu budlelwano. Amaqembu aluhlaza athola ngaphezu kwama-95% azo zonke izimali zesisekelo ezibekelwe umsebenzi wezemvelo. Bathambekele ekulandeleni amasu okunxenxa abaphezulu phansi kanye namasu omthetho, okubaholela ekuvumelaneni okungamukeleki ngoba abafuni ukubeka engcupheni “ubudlelwano” babo nezikhulu ezikhethiwe noma abalawuli be-ejensi. Futhi amaqembu amaningi aluhlaza ayaqhubeka nokusekela izinqubomgomo zesimo sezulu eziyinkinga njengokuhweba ngokungcola, igesi yemvelo esikhundleni samalahle, nezinhlelo ze-offset. Umphakathi wobulungiswa bezemvelo uphikisa ngazwi linye lezi zinqubomgomo.
Kuleli qophelo wonke umuntu uyavuma ukuthi alikho ithuba langempela lokuzuza umthetho wesimo sezulu wenhlangano namandla ngenxa yokuphikiswa ophikweni olungakwesokudla lweRiphabhulikhi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umdlalo usungowasendaweni kanye nesifunda, okungamandla omphakathi wobulungiswa bezemvelo. Lokhu kudala ithuba elisha lokuthi inhlangano yobulungiswa bezemvelo kanye namaqembu aluhlaza basebenzisane, kodwa lokhu kubambisana kuzodinga ukuthi amaqembu aluhlaza abone futhi amukele ubuholi bobulungiswa bezemvelo, asebenzisane nomphakathi osiza umphakathi ukubhekana nenkinga yokungalingani kwezimali, futhi acabange kabusha. izinqubomgomo zabo ezihlulekile njenge-cap nokuhweba. Kunemizamo yokwakha lolu hlobo lokusebenzisana futhi nginethemba lokuthi ushintsho lwangempela lungenzeka.
Bill Fletcher, ingabe sikhona isiqhathaniso ebudlelwaneni phakathi kwabasebenzi abakhulu nobulungiswa bezomnotho nobudlelwano phakathi kobulungiswa obukhulu obuluhlaza kanye nemvelo?
UFletcher: Okokuqala, angicabangi ukuthi indlela umuntu abheka ngayo noma indlela abheka ngayo ubulungiswa bezomnotho iholela ekutheni umuntu abe nenqubekela phambili maqondana nemvelo. Kunenqwaba yezinyunyana zabasebenzi ezingabalweli abahle kakhulu, abasemzabalazweni wezigaba, kodwa ababuthaka noma abathule maqondana nemvelo. Ngakho-ke angicabangi ukuthi kukhona ukubhalelana komuntu ngamunye.
Uma ubheka lokho esikwazi njengabasebenzi abahlelekile, unezikhungo ezifana nemifino emikhulu eyachazwa uBill Gallegos, eyakhiwa ngenxa yamashumi eminyaka yomzabalazo. Bafika esicongweni esithile base besaba ukuthi bazolahlekelwa ukuba semthethweni kwabo uma, phakathi kokunye, bengajikijeli ngesinxele - abakwenza ngeminyaka yawo-1940.[1] Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi abasebenzi abahleliwe bahlehla embonweni wendima yabo emphakathini. Ngaso leso sikhathi ubulungu bezinyunyana behle kakhulu. Isingathekiso engivame ukusisebenzisa ngesomuntu oweqa e-Empire State Building futhi ngesikhathi edlula ama-40.th phansi wezwakala ethi, “Kuze kube manje, kuhle kakhulu.” Lokho kungumsebenzi ohleliwe.
Wonke amaphuzu esiwatholayo ebulungu, iningi lobuholi lithi, “Sisamile, sisekhona.” Ngisho nalapho bekhala, “Awu, umhlabathi ukhula ngokushesha,” akuhumushi ohlotsheni lwenguquko oludingekayo. Futhi ingxenye enkulu yalolo shintsho ihlobene nobudlelwano benhlangano yezinyunyana nezinye izinhlangano zomphakathi ezihlanganisa kodwa ezingagcini nje ngokunyakaza kwezemvelo.
Bill Gallegos, njengomuntu obambe iqhaza kwezobulungiswa bezemvelo ububheka kanjani ubulungiswa bezomnotho?
Gallegos: Umphakathi wobulungiswa bezemvelo uzibheka njengengxenye yenhlangano ebanzi yobulungisa bezenhlalakahle futhi uyaqaphela ukuthi umnotho uyisisekelo sezinkinga eziningi emiphakathini yethu - izinkinga zemvelo, izinkinga zohlelo lwezemfundo, izinkinga ngezindlu, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, ukuphikelela kanye ubumpofu obudlangile, ukuqashwa, ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi, nokuntuleka kwamathuba angempela omnotho. Ubulungiswa bezomnotho buyinto ehamba phambili kalula emiphakathini yethu. Kukhona ukuqonda ukuthi sidinga ukubhekana nale nkinga njengoba sizama ukulungisa inkinga yokucwaswa kwemvelo.
Ukuqwashisa ngezinkinga zesimo sezulu kukhuthaze ezinye izindlela - lokho abantu abakubiza ngokuthi umnotho oluhlaza. Yigama elixegayo kakhulu futhi lisho izinto eziningi kubantu abahlukene, kodwa umbono uthi kunomnotho omusha osafufusa onamandla okubhekana nale nkinga ehleliwe yobubha nokungalingani. Abanye kulo mbutho bathi kumele sibheke konke ukuqhubeka komnotho futhi senze isiqiniseko sokuthi zonke izingxenye zalowo mhlangano zihlomulisa imiphakathi yethu. Umnotho osafufusa udinga ingqalasizinda yezemfundo, ucwaningo nentuthuko, ingqalasizinda yebhizinisi, ingqalasizinda yezisebenzi, lonke uhla lochwepheshe nonjiniyela kanye nabasebenzi abasebenza ngamakhola aluhlaza. Njengoba okuningi kuzosekelwa futhi kuxhaswe esidlangalaleni, kufanele silwe ukuze ingqalasizinda yezemfundo ingagcini ezindaweni ezinezingane ezicebile ezimhlophe ezifunda konke mayelana nesimo somnotho wemvelo, ukuze singagcini. ekufakweni kwamaphaneli elanga noma ekucwaningweni kokusebenza kahle kwamandla, ukuze umphakathi wethu ube nethuba lokuba onjiniyela bemvelo nabadwebi bezemvelo, amabhizinisi ethu amancane afakwe, futhi ezinye izindlela ezinjengama cooperatives aphethwe abasebenzi zisekelwe emiphakathini yethu.
Ubani ozohlomula kulo mnotho osafufusa? Ingabe kuzobukeka njengeSilicon Valley lapho i-1% izuze khona futhi iningi labesifazane abahola kancane abanemibala bathola izinzuzo ezimbalwa kakhulu kanye nokulimala okuningi kwemvelo? Asifuni ukubona lo mnotho osihlaza uyisiphephelo. Singathanda ukuwubona kuwumnotho ohlangene, umnotho wamaholo aphezulu, umnotho onenzuzo ephezulu, onemithetho eqinile yezempilo nokuphepha kanye nokulawulwa kwemvelo. Lokho singakwenza kuphela uma singakha ubudlelwano nodadewethu nabafowethu abasebenza kanzima.
Bill Fletcher, igama elithi nje inguquko selisetshenziswe kakhulu. Kusho ukuthini futhi siqala kanjani ukufika lapho?
UFletcher: Ngicabanga ukuthi inselelo ukukhuluma ngayo amanye amasu ezomnotho. Ngakho-ke uma usendaweni yezimayini ngokwesibonelo, kwenzekani uma uvala izimayini, kwenzekani kubavukuzi? Sidinga ukuzuza abantu kwelinye isu lezomnotho. Manje lokhu kunzima ngempela. Kulula kakhulu ukuba nezimpendulo ezisabelayo - ubulungiswa bokulwa nesimo sezulu noma i-right wing nostalgia. Kuyinselelo yokuhlela umphakathi ngomqondo obanzi wokuhlela umphakathi. Ake sibheke isimo saseWest Virginia. Sizozama ukwakha umnotho onjani eMbusweni? Kusho ukuthini mayelana nezinhlobo zezimboni ezethulwe? Kusho ukuthini mayelana nokuqeqeshwa komsebenzi?
Zimbalwa kakhulu izinyunyana ezizimisele ukubamba iqhaza kuleyo ngxoxo. I-United I-Steelworkers of America's alliance ne IMondragon Cooperatives yesifunda sase-Basque eSpain iyisibonelo selinye isu lokuthuthukisa umnotho. Ngizwile izingxoxo mayelana nokuthatha izitshalo ezilahliwe. Kodwa lokhu kufanele kudlulele kakhulu.
Ukhuluma ngabasebenza ngensimbi. Yini enye ebukeka inikeza ithemba mayelana nokumodela, ikakhulukazi kuleli?
UFletcher: I-Amalgamated Transit Union ingaphansi kobuholi obusha obunenqubekela phambili futhi bazama ukwakha ubudlelwano nezinhlangano ezizinze emphakathini. Umzabalazo obalulekile wezemvelo uzungeze ezokuthutha zomphakathi futhi bafuna ukuzibandakanya kulokho. Lena akuyona indlela abaholi noma amalungu ajwayele ukubheka ngayo inyunyana ngakho-ke uMengameli we-ATU uLarry Hanley ubacela ukuthi bacabange ngendlela ehlukile ngeqhaza labo.
UMongameli we-ATU uLarry Hanley
“Ngisakhula sasikhuluma ngobuzwe. Kwenye indawo basiphendule abathengi nabakhokhi bentela, sengathi ukuphela kwendima esinayo empilweni njengabakhokhi bentela nokucasukela wonke umuntu odonsa kanzima kuleli zwe,” kuqhuba uHanley. “Sinamalungu acela ku-200,000 XNUMX. Sizokwenza lokhu, sizokwenza lokhu kwenzeke.”
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengoba sibona ku-Keystone Pipeline mpikiswano, inkinga ichazwa njengemisebenzi ngokumelene nemvelo. Abantu bezinyunyana zendabuko bavame ukuba nomuzwa wokuthi inhlangano yezemvelo ayinandaba nenhlekelele yemisebenzi. Likhona iqiniso kulokho kodwa, njengoba ngishilo kubantu abasemhlanganweni wezinyunyana, “Kufanele uphefumule.”
Ngolunye usuku nje, bengisesimisweni sokuhlela nezinye izinyunyana ezazikhuluma ngokwakhiwa kwendawo yokushisela engcolisa umoya. Okugxilwe kakhulu kukho kwaba ukuthi indawo yokushisela izokwakhiwa ngabasebenzi bezinyunyana noma ngabasebenzi abangahlangene nezinyunyana. Futhi ngabuza umbuzo, "Kwenza mehluko muni lokho uma kungaba nemiphumela elimazayo yemvelo kubantu abahlala lapho." Bacishe bangikhipha ekamelweni, “Fletcher, ungasho kanjani ukuthi kwenza muphi umehluko. Sifuna abasebenzi bezinyunyana.” Bengithi ngiphendula, “Yebo, yebo sifuna abasebenzi bezinyunyana kodwa ngibuza lona omunye umbuzo. Iyini imiphumela yokwakha lesi sishisi phakathi kwemiphakathi empofu?” Bambalwa abantu ababefuna ukuphendula lowo mbuzo.
Uzoyisa kanjani leyo phambili?
UFletcher: Ekugcineni kunezinqumo ezingeke zithathwe ngabasebenzi noma abantu bangaphandle abanezinhloso ezinhle. Abaholi abakhethiwe kuzomele bathathe izinqumo futhi akuyona impendulo elula, kuyaxoxwa. Kudingeka kuxoxwe ngemiphumela. Ukube bekunezisebenzi zezinyunyana zokwakha amakamu okuhlushwa ngabe kulungile? Ake sikhulume ngalokho okwakhiwayo endabeni yalesi sishisi. Iyini imiphumela yomphakathi futhi inyunyana ayinaso yini isibopho sokukhuluma ngalokho?
Kubonakala sengathi kukhona ukuhlukana okukhulu phakathi kwezinyunyana. INational Nurses Union ithatha isikhundla esihluke kakhulu kwezohwebo zokwakha.
UFletcher: Nokho ngokwengxenye kulula kubo. Yingakho ngingawenzi kancane lo mehluko. Uhwebo lwezakhiwo, ngokwencazelo, ngabasebenzi abakha izinto noma abadicilela phansi ukuze kwakhiwe izinto. Akusilo indima abahlengikazi abanayo.
Uma kungakhiwa lutho, unezinkulungwane zabantu abahlezi bezungeza. Kungenye into kumholi wabahlengikazi, abasebenzi basezikhungweni zikahulumeni, njalo njalo ukuthi inyunyana kumele ikhulume ngalezi zishisi, kodwa kube enye uma uhola inyunyana yabasebenzi noma inyunyana yababazi noma abasebenza ngogesi. Izinto ziba nzima kakhulu futhi ngeke sikuthathe kalula lokho. Cabanga ngakho umzuzwana. Sithi sidinga abaholi bezohwebo bezokwakha ukuze bakhulume ngokumelene nemiklamo yokwakha—enjengomshini wokushisela izidumbu—okungenzeka ukuthi empeleni basebenzise ingxenye enkulu yamalungu abo uma kwakhiwa. Iphuzu lami akukhona ukuthi lokhu kufanele kugwenywe kodwa kufanele kuqonde izigxobo. Lokhu kusho nokuthi kumele sicabange ukuthi singawina kanjani abaholi kuphela, kodwa singawina kanjani amalungu ezinyunyana athintwa ngqo yizinqumo zezemvelo.
Bill Gallegos, ungaphendula uthini? Ungaqala kanjani ukukhuluma nabantu abasebenzayo abathintekayo ngqo mayelana nemisebenzi?
UGallegos: Kuzothatha isikhathi eside impela ngoba ezingeni likazwelonke abasebenzi abayiqondi ngokugcwele inkinga yesimo sezulu futhi abakalungeli imiphumela yabo yezepolitiki. Amathuba akhona manje asezingeni lendawo nelesifunda. Ngizokunikeza izibonelo ezithile.
E-Los Angeles kunenhlangano ebizwa ngokuthi I-LA Alliance for a New Economy (LAANE). Akuyona inhlangano yobulungiswa bezemvelo; isebenza ngemisebenzi kanye nomnotho. Kodwa bathuthukise amaphrojekthi amabili abalulekile ne-Teamsters Union. Omunye ubizwa ngokuthi Umkhankaso Wamachweba Ahlanzekile Naphephile.
I-Port of Los Angeles, eyamukele i- LA Clean Truck Program ngo-2008, ine:
- Kuvinjelwe amamodeli aphuzile angaphezu kuka-10,000, amaloli angcolisa imvelo asinda kakhulu;
- Ihlinzeke ngemali ecishe ibe yizigidi ezingama-200 zamaRandi oxhaso lwamachweba futhi yasebenzisa imali engaphezu kuka-$600 wezigidi ekutshalweni kwangasese kwamaloli angu-10,000 kadizili ahlanzekile nawegesi yemvelo; futhi,
- Kwehliswe ukungcoliswa kukadizili cishe ngama-80%.
Ichweba lechweba le-LA/ Long Beach limatasatasa kakhulu e-United States futhi liphethe u-80% wohwebo oluvela ePacific Rim ngaphakathi e-US Ichweba liyakhula - lizophindeka kabili ngosayizi - futhi ukwanda kokuhamba kwamaloli adizili kuzothinta kakhulu imiphakathi empofu emnyama nensundu eduze kwe-Alameda Corridor. I-Teamsters kanye ne-LAANE bakha umkhankaso wokusiza laba bashayeli bamaloli (abazimele) ukuthi bahlanze izimoto zabo, babeke izindleko zokusebenzisa amandla kakhudlwana ezinkampanini zemikhumbi, futhi bavumele abashayeli bamaloli ukuthi babe yizisebenzi zezinkampani. Bekuyinzuzo enkulu yezemvelo. Kube khona umhlomulo kubashayeli bamaloli ngoba bebenesibopho sayo yonke into - amaloli, ukugcinwa, umshwalense, izindleko zikaphethiloli - kuyilapho abathumeli bethola iphasi lamahhala. Kepha njengabasebenzi bezinkampani zemikhumbi, bangajoyina i-Teamsters Union.
Lesi isibonelo sokuthi inhlangano yezobulungiswa bezenhlalakahle kanye nenhlangano yabasebenzi bahlangana kanjani futhi bathola izithakazelo ezifanayo. KumaTeamsters bekuhlanganisa laba bashayeli bamaloli; ku-LAANE bekudala imisebenzi emihle nokusiza imvelo.
Khona-ke u-LAANE waqala umkhankaso wesibili nama-Teamsters wokuhlela kabusha imboni yokulahla imfucuza e-Los Angeles, okudala imithelela emikhulu yemvelo ikakhulukazi emiphakathini empofu yemibala, futhi ikakhulukazi imboni ye-sweatshop. I-Teamsters kanye ne-LAANE bethule umkhankaso "Ungalahli LA" lokho kuzoholela ekuhlanganisweni, ekuhlanganiseni izinyunyana, kanye nokuhlanzwa kwemvelo yale mboni.
Ushintsho luzofika kanje. Kuzovela emizamweni yasendaweni, imizamo yaphansi ezoba yisibonelo. Ngakho-ke asigcini nje ngokukhuluma ngenguquko. Empeleni singasho ukuthi, “Lapha emachwebeni ase-Los Angeles, lolu shintsho luyenzeka. Nanku umthelela kanye nezinzuzo. Akusewona umqondo. Embonini kadoti e-Los Angeles, lolu shintsho nje lusuka embonini engcolisayo enyantisayo luye embonini ehlanzeke kakhulu futhi imboni yezinyunyana iyenzeka. ” Kudingeka sithole izifundo ezenzweni ezingcono kakhulu futhi sicabange ukuthi singayisabalalisa kanjani leyo mizamo ezweni lonke - ngisho noma sisebenza phezulu ukuze sibe nengxoxo enhle nobuholi be-AFL-CIO.
Bill Fletcher, kungani ucabanga ukuthi ingxoxo ephezulu inzima kangaka?
UFletcher: Empeleni ngicabanga ukuthi inkinga enkulu ihlobene ngqo nokuqedwa kwesobunxele emsebenzini ohleliwe. Angisho ukuthi uKhohlo ubelokhu elungile ezindabeni zemvelo. Sibe nokunqunywa okuningi kwezomnotho kanye nokugwema isimo sezulu ngakwesobunxele. Kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi ukwehluleka kwabasebenzi abahlelekile ukucabangela izinketho ezingaphandle kwezindlela zendabuko kwenze kwaba nzima kakhulu ukuthi abasebenzi abajwayelekile bamukele imilayezo evela enhlanganweni yezemvelo kanye nobulungiswa besimo sezulu.
Ngiyabona ukuthi ukusika zombili izindlela. Kuyiqiniso ngomsebenzi. Kuyiqiniso futhi ukuthi enhlanganweni evamile yezemvelo ukushoda kweNxele kwenze kwaba nzima kubantu abebengabasebenzi. Ngamanye amazwi, kunzima kubavukuzi bamalahle ukucabanga ngobungane mayelana nokunyakaza kwemvelo okujwayelekile ngoba kunombuzo wesisekelo sekilasi.
UFletcher: Ngicabanga ukuthi lokho kuyiqiniso kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi ngesikhathi esifanayo inani lemisebenzi yamalahle, imisebenzi yabavukuzi, belilokhu lehla kancane eminyakeni engu-50 edlule. Lokho akubangelwa ukunyakaza kwemvelo. Esikhundleni salokho, inhlangano yezemvelo isebenze njengenhloso efanelekile ye-reactionaries kanye nama-populists ophiko lwesokudla ukuchaza ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha ezimayini ezehlise isidingo sabavukuzi. Ngakho-ke umbuzo eNtshonalanga Virginia ubiza abantu ukuthi babukeke ngendlela ehluke kakhulu, empeleni kakhulu (yize kungasabonakali kukhulu kangako) kwezinye izinhlobo zentuthuko yezomnotho.
Bill Gallegos uyazibona lezi ezinye izindlela zomnotho njengendlela yokubhekana nobulungiswa besimo sezulu? Ingabe bazosiyisa lapho?
Gallegos: Kuzoba nzima. I I-Climate Justice Alliance babe nenhlangano yezabasebenzi eyajoyina yabuye yahlehla ngoba babenengcindezi (ngicabanga ngeKeystone). Ngakho-ke kwakukhona abantu ababefuna ukuba yingxenye yalokhu, befuna ukuzibandakanya, bethuthuka kakhulu, benemibono emihle futhi kancane kancane baqala ukuhlehla.
Kumele singene kulokhu sivule amehlo. Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule besizokwazi ukuxoxa nabantu abaningi ababenamakhokhasi nobuholi - abantu abangakwesobunxele ababesebenza ensimbi, ababesebenza kwezimoto, ababekwezinye izimboni eziningi. Asinakho lokho manje.
Kuzodingeka sibheke ukwakha ezinye izindlela zomnotho njengoba sisebenzela uguquko olukhulu emphakathini. Kudingeka sithi, “Bheka, lapha enyakatho ye-Arizona, iSizwe samaNavajo, kunesibonelo sokuthuthukiswa komnotho ngokubambisana esisebenzayo,” ngisho nalapho sakha amabutho ethu ukuze sikubeke esikalini. Engiyethemba ukuthi abafowethu nodadewethu abangaphakathi kwezabasebenzi abalwela umbono wenyunyana yezobulungiswa bezenhlalakahle bangenza intuthuko, futhi ngaphakathi kwenhlangano yobulungiswa besimo sezulu labo bethu abaqaphela ukubaluleka kwamasu alobu budlelwano nabasebenzi bangabhekana nabanye ukungabi nathemba okuqondakalayo okukhona enhlanganweni mayelana nokuthi lokhu kuyenzeka yini.
Ngizokunikeza isibonelo esisodwa. Ngenkathi sizama ukumisa i-Chevron ekukhuliseni indawo yokuhluza ukuze icwengisise amazinga angcolile kawoyela ongahluziwe e-Richmond, obekungaba nokukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa okukhulu futhi bekuzofaka nobuthi kubantu abamnyama, abansundu, nabangamaLaotian abahlala. eduze kwaleyo ndawo yokucwenga, abahwebi bezakhiwo bazama ukwesabisa amalungu ethu. Baphakamise umkhankaso omubi ngempela - omubi kangangokuthi uChevron kwakungadingeki ukuba yenze. Ngakho lokhu kuyinto ebuhlungu kubantu. Kodwa njengoba sidinga ukumelana nalokho futhi sigxeke lolo hlobo lokuziphatha, kusafanele sibheke isikhathi eside. Sidinga ukusekela abantu abasebenza kanzima njengoBill Fletcher noFernando Gapasin nabanye abakulungele ukulwela uguquko ngaphakathi.
Ungasitshela kabanzi ngokwenzeka esizweni samaNavajo?
Gallegos: Isizwe samaNavajo siyisizwe samaNdiya esikhulu kunazo zonke e-US futhi sinomnotho ompofu kakhulu. Amazinga okungasebenzi angama-70%. Amadolobhana amaningi namadolobhana asendaweni ebekiwe awawatholi ngisho amanzi ngenxa yokuthi ahanjiswa ngamapayipi aya ePhoenix naseScottsdale uma kunezindawo zokudlala igalofu nezindawo zokungcebeleka. Kodwa isizwe samaNavajo sinemisebenzi eyizi-10,000 ehlobene nemboni yamalahle – ukukhiqizwa kwezimayini, ezokuthutha, kanye nesikhungo esikhulu sokuphehla ugesi ngamalahle esihlinzeka ngamandla, phakathi kokunye, eMnyangweni Wezamanzi Namandla e-Los Angeles.
Kube nomkhankaso omkhulu wokuthi i-LADWP iqede izinkontileka zayo zamalahle futhi iguqule ibe namandla ahlanzekile. Futhi bavumelene ukwenza lokho. Bathe, “Sizoqeda izinkontileka zethu zamalahle nesikhungo sikagesi esizweni samaNavajo e-Arizona ngo-2025 kanye nese-Utah.” Uhlelo esikhundleni sokushintsha lawo malahle amandla ahlanzekile, kufakwe i-solar, esikhundleni salo kufakwe igesi yemvelo. I-Black Mesa Water Coalition , ehlela esizweni samaNavajo ithi, “Cha! Lokhu kufanele kube iphrojekthi yamandla ahlanzekile futhi le phrojekthi kufanele ibonise indlela esiphuma ngayo ekuthembeleni embonini yamalahle. Kufanele sibe yisizinda solar, somoya sase-Arizona kanye nezwe. Ake sishintshe lesi sikhungo sokuphehla ugesi ngamalahle sisebenzise iphrojekthi yelanga. Sizoyigcina inkontileka ne-LADWP ukuze sigcine abantu besebenza.”
Isizwe samaNavajo sihlonze ezinye izindawo ezintathu zokudala umnotho osebenzayo ogxile kubantu. Enye imboni yoboya - ukuphotha, ukwakha izindwangu kanye nomata. Ezinye ezezolimo kanye nalokho okubizwa nge-ecotourism. Ngakho-ke babona amandla ahlanzekile, uvolo, ezolimo, kanye nokuvakasha kwemvelo njengezinsika zengqalasizinda yezomnotho esebenzayo esizweni samaNavajo - ngakho ngeke kuncike emalahleni noma emakhasino.
Sebekhe umqondo wokushintsha nje. Bazodinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu - uluthathaphi utshalomali lwalolu hlobo lwengqalasizinda ngaphandle kokuyekethisa nangaphandle kokuthengisa umphefumulo wakho ku-Wall Street. Ziningi izinkinga okuzodingeka bazixazulule. Kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi leli qembu elincane labantu esizweni samaNavajo lenza umsebenzi oncomekayo, ophambili ekuxazululeni inkinga yezemvelo, isimo esibucayi somnotho, futhi sibheke ekwakheni umnotho wendawo wentando yeningi - futhi iningi labesifazane ebuholini balowo msebenzi.
Jan. 2010, Ijaji Lomthetho Wokuphatha Lomnyango Wezangaphakathi lahoxisa imvume ye-Peabody Coal Company's Life of Mine ukuze isebenze e-Black Mesa, AZ, inikeze ukunqoba okukhulu ezinhlanganweni zezizwe nezemvelo.
Lokhu kuhlobana kanjani noguquko lwezomnotho, nesocialism? Iqala kanjani ukubhekana nezinkinga ezinkulu zemvelo ezidalwe yilo mnotho wonxiwankulu?
UFletcher: Mina no-Bill Gallegos besikhuluma ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule mayelana nophiko olufanele kanye nokuphika isimo sezulu. Kunemithombo ehlukene yokuphika isimo sezulu. Enye indlela yileyo yezincazelo zenkolo eziyinqaba. Omunye umuzwa wokukhungatheka ngenxa yesimo esibucayi kangangokuthi kulula ukuphika ukuthi sikhona - njengezinye izinto abantu abaziphikayo. Futhi okwesithathu ukuthi abaningi Kwabelungelo bayaqonda ngempela ukuthi ukuze ubhekane nesimo sezulu, kufanele ubhekane nomnotho. Akukhona lokho abaningi abavamile bezemvelo abakwamukelayo, kodwa abalungile bayakuqonda. Futhi uma kubhekwa ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yophiko olulungile ilungele ukuqothula uhlanga futhi yenze izigidi zabantu ziphelelwe amandla, zingakwazi ukuphika. Abazimisele ukubhekana nalokho okudingeka kwenzeke ngempela mayelana nokushintsha umnotho - ngempela isixazululo sifika ohlotsheni oluthile lwenguquko eyisisekelo yenhlalo-mnotho.
Inkinga ngabanye abantu ngakwesobunxele ukuthi bachaza izinga lenhlekelele bese begxumela, "Ngakho-ke sidinga i-socialism." Futhi nakuba isiphetho silungile, ngicabanga ukuthi kufanele siqonde ukuthi ukufika lapho-ku-socialism-kuyinqubo yomzabalazo oqhubekayo ngezigaba ezihlukahlukene. Ezinye zalezo zigaba zizobandakanya izimpi zezinguquko zesakhiwo ezibhekana noma ezizama ukubhekana nenkinga yezemvelo nakuba ubunxiwankulu busaqhubeka nokuba khona.
Gallegos: Yonke inhlangano yobulungiswa bezemvelo ikhuluma ngokusiza imiphakathi ukuthi iqonde izimpande ezihlelekile zokucwasa ngokwendawo. Bakhuluma ngakho kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukukwenza ngokusebenza. Ungenelwa yizimfuno zemikhankaso yakho esheshayo kangangoba abantu bebenenkinga yokuhlanganisa imfundo yezepolitiki. Kunesidingo ngempela sokuqonda amaqiniso aphilayo abantu abasebenzayo bamasiko nezizwe ezahlukene emphakathini wobulungiswa bezemvelo kanye neminye imibutho.
Umphakathi wobulungiswa bezemvelo udinga ukwenza umzamo wamabomu kakhulu ukuxhumanisa inkinga yezomnotho nemvelo, ukuveza izimbangela zalezo zinhlekelele, futhi uvuselele ingxoxo mayelana nokuthi ikhona yini indlela engcono, ingabe ikhona indlela engcono esingaphila ngayo leli lizwe.
UBill Fletcher, Jr. uyisishoshovu nombhali wobulungiswa bezinhlanga owaziwayo emhlabeni wonke. Ungumongameli wangaphambilini we-TransAfrica Forum, Isazi Esiphezulu Ne-Institute for Policy Studies, umbhali ngokubambisana (noDkt. Fernando Gapasin) we-“Solidarity Divided,” kanye nombhali wencwadi ethi “Bayasibhuqa – Futhi Amashumi Amabili. Amanye Amanga Ngezinyunyana.”
UBill Gallegos uyisishoshovu sesikhathi eside esinezimpande kuMzabalazo Wenkululeko waseChicano futhi ungumholi wenhlangano yobulungiswa bezemvelo. Ungumbhali wezindatshana ezimbili ezinkulu ezikhuluma ngeChicano Liberation: “The Sunbelt Strategy and Chicano Liberation” kanye “The Struggle for Chicano Liberation.” Uyilungu leClimate Justice Alliance.
U-Anne Lewis ungumenzi wefilimu wamadokhumentari amafilimu akhe ahlanganisa: On Our Own Land (umklomelo weDuPont-Columbia), Justice in the Coalfields (Gold Plaque, Intercom), kanye neMorristown: emoyeni naselanga mayelana nokulahlekelwa umsebenzi wasefekthri namalungelo abokufika. Usebenza ebhodini eliphezulu leTexas State Employees Union TSEU-CWA 6186.
[1] Umthetho we-Taft-Hartley ngo-1947 wakhulula igagasi lokucindezelwa kwezinyunyana zabasebenzi. Lokhu kwakuyingxenye yeMpi Yomshoshaphansi njengoba yenziwa e-USA.
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