Kuleli sonto, i-European Central Bank izovula ngokusemthethweni ikomkhulu layo elisha eFrankfurt. Ukumaka lo mcimbi, ababhikishi abafinyelela ezinkulungwaneni eziyishumi - abahlangene ngaphansi kwesibhengezo seBlockupy - bazohlangana phezu kwenhloko-dolobha yezezimali yaseYurophu abavela kuwo wonke amagumbi ezwekazi. Abagqugquzeli baye bamemezela ukuthi bahlose “ukuthatha iqembu [labamabhange] baliguqule libe yinkulumo-mpikiswano yamazwe ngamazwe ngokumelene nezinqubomgomo zezinhlekelele zaseYurophu kanye nemiphumela yazo eyinhlekelele, ikakhulukazi kubantu baseningizimu yeYurophu.”
Izwe laseJalimane, nalo, lihlanganisa elinye lamaphoyisa amakhulu kunawo wonke ezweni ukuthi avikele i-ECB futhi enze isenzo somthethosisekelo sokubhikisha komphakathi singenzeki. Njengaseminyakeni edlule, iFrankfurt izobe ivaliwe - futhi akunzima ukuqonda ukuthi kungani: iziphathimandla zizimisele ngokuvimba amabhange amaphakathi kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwengcindezi ethandwayo. I-ECB, phela, kufanele iphendule ezimakethe, hhayi kubantu. Cabanga nje ngomkhondo wemisebenzi kamongameli wayo, uMario Draghi, owake waba ngumqondisi ophethe e-Goldman Sachs: akudingi isazi sezomnotho sezombusazwe esiqeqeshiwe ukuthola ukuthi lokhu kusitshelani mayelana nokwethembeka kwe-ECB.
Ngalo mqondo, abahleli beBlockupy bebengeke bakhethe usuku olufaneleka kakhulu lokuboniswa kwalo nyaka. Ukwethulwa kwendlunkulu entsha ye-ECB kufanekisela cishe yonke into engalungile ngephrojekthi ye-neoliberal yaseYurophu namuhla. Njengoba i-Eurozone ingena enkingeni engapheli ngo-2008 futhi i-ECB yabeka izinyathelo zokunciphisa impilo kusukela e-Athens kuya eDublin, ingilazi ewubukhazikhazi engamamitha angu-185 ubude nesakhiwo sensimbi saphakama buthule ngasemfuleni Omkhulu. Zizungezwe uthango olukhulu nomsele wenqaba, izishoshovu zibonisa indlela “ukwakhiwa okusabisayo kwamandla kuwuphawu oluphelele lwebanga phakathi kwezikhulu zezombangazwe nezezimali kanye nabantu.”
Ngezindleko ezilinganiselwe zama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.4, imibhoshongo emibili eshisayo - eklanywe ngokufanele ngesitayela sezakhiwo sakamuva se-deconstructivism - manje isimi kahle njengesibani esikhanyayo se-Europe entsha: ayinabo ubuntu, ayinakuziphendulela futhi iphikisana nentando yeningi ngokuphelele. Kusukela kulezi zimo eziphakeme zokulawulwa kwezimali kanye nezezimali, i-ECB isivele yehlise ohulumeni abambalwa abakhethiwe, yabeka izinyathelo zokunciphisa imali eyinhlekelele, futhi muva nje ihlongoze ukumpompa enye isigidintathu sama-euro ohlelweni lwezezimali olungenasimilo lwe-Eurozone. Okwamanje, icindezela uhulumeni waseGreece ukuthi anciphise inselelo yesokunxele evela e-Athene.
Izazi eziningi ze-EU zisakhuluma ngokuqiniseka ngalokhu kwedelela okusekelwe ezikhungweni zokugxambukela okudumile njengophawu “lokusilela kwentando yeningi” kwe-EU. Bazokhomba ukuntula kwe-ECB “kokugunyazwa kokufaka” futhi bacele ukuthi iPhalamende lilawule kakhulu ibhodi eliphethe. Lokho eziningi zalezi zazi ezihluleka ukukubona, noma kunjalo, ukuthi isimo esiphikisana nentando yeningi se-ECB sibhaliwe endimeni yayo yesakhiwo. Njengebhange elimaphakathi elingenambuso, i-ECB iphikisana nentando yeningi hhayi ngephutha kodwa ngokuklama. Okucatshangwa ukuthi "ukuzimela" kohulumeni bamazwe empeleni kuyisimbozo sokuzihlukanisa kwayo ngamabomu ezicindezelweni ezithandwayo kanye nokuncika kwayo okuhlelekile nezithakazelo zezezimali ezizimele.
Akudingeki ngisho ukuthi, ukuqala kwale nkinga kuholele ekutheni kuqhutshekwe nezinye izinhlelo zentando yeningi. Ukunikeza isibonelo esisodwa nje: kusanda kuvela inqwaba yezincwadi eziveza ubukhulu obugcwele bokungathembeki okwasetshenziswa umanduleli kaDraghi, uJean-Claude Trichet, ngesikhathi sobunzima ngo-2011-'12. Ezingxoxweni zakhe nohulumeni base-Ireland, Greece, Spain kanye ne-Italy, umongameli we-ECB wasabisa ngokusobala ukuthi uzosinqamula isikweletu esiphuthumayo uma ohulumeni okukhulunywa ngabo benqaba ukuthobela iqoqo lezinguquko ezimakethe ezingathandwa kakhulu kanye nezinyathelo zokunciphisa imali ezase zibhaliwe, igama nezwi, ngabaqondisi abangakhethiwe eBrussels naseFrankfurt
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Lesi senzo sokungathembeki sasimane nje siyisiphetho se-iceberg. Nakuba kungenzeka ukuthi abanye bake bezwa ngezincwadi zika-Trichet ezindabeni, bambalwa abantu baseYurophu okungenzeka bazi mayelana nezinqubomgomo ze-arcane ezifana nohlelo lwezimakethe zezimakethe (SMP) noma imisebenzi yesikhathi eside yokubuyisela kabusha imali (LTRO) lapho i-ECB yakhulula amabhange ngokuphumelelayo futhi yaxoxisana neGreece. isikweletu somphakathi. Ngokunjalo, kungenzeka ukuthi abanye bafundile ngesinqumo se-ECB sokuqalisa i-quantitative easing (QE), kodwa bambalwa abangase baqonde ukuthi lokhu kusho ukuthini ekusebenzeni: okungukuthi i-ECB manje isizoqala ukuxhasa amabhange azimele ngenani lika-1 trillion euro izigidi zabantu baseYurophu zihlupheka ngenxa yobumpofu nokuntuleka kwemisebenzi.
Iqiniso lokuthi asikho isikhalo esisabalele emphakathini mayelana nezinyathelo ezinjalo ezimelene nenhlalo ngokusobala kukhombisa ukuthi abakhi be-Eurozone baphumelele kangakanani ekususeni ezombusazwe iphrojekthi ye-neoliberal ye-EU kanye nezinqubomgomo zezimali ze-ECB, kuvimbela i-ECB ekugxekweni obala. kanye nokuyivumela ukuthi ivune izintshisekelo zabatshalizimali abazimele ngaphandle kokubhekana nokuphikiswa okuphusile. I-ECB ngokwayo ihlakulela lesi sithombe se-apolitical. Emasontweni amabili edlule, uMario Draghi - ngemva nje kokusabisa ngokuthi uzoyinqamula i-Greece isikweleti uma uhulumeni wezwe wesobunxele wehluleka ukuhambisana nemibandela yokutakulwa kwe-EU kanye ne-ECB - washo ngokuqondile ukuthi "i-ECB iyisikhungo esisekelwe emithethweni, hhayi ezombusazwe. eyodwa.”
Yebo kwakungamanga aluhlaza. Amabhange amakhulu ayizikhungo zezombusazwe kakhulu. Kokunye, bangakha imali ngomoya omncane - okuyikhona kanye okwenziwa yi-ECB njengamanje ngohlelo lwayo lokuthenga impahla olwandisiwe. Uma ukwazi ukudala imali, uthola ukunquma ukuthi uzoyisebenzisa kanjani. Futhi uma usuqale ukudala ama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-60 ngenyanga, izinqumo ezinjalo ngokusobala zinemithelela yokusabalalisa kabusha. Enye indlela bekungaba ukuthi i-ECB ivele idlulisele ukheshi ezakhamuzini ezijwayelekile zaseYurophu, ukuze kuliwe nemiphumela yenhlalo yale nkinga futhi ivuse isidingo esiphelele. Esikhundleni salokho, i-ECB isebenzisa amandla ayo okudala imali ukuze ithenge izimpahla ezinobuthi emabhange azimele futhi iwaboleke imali efanayo ngamanani enzalo aphansi kakhulu, ihlanze amashidi abo ebhalansi phakathi nenqubo.
Ngokokulandisa okusemthethweni, ukukhuthazwa kwezimali okunjalo kufanele kuqale kabusha ukuboleka kwangasese futhi kulethe ukubuyiswa okuhlala njalo. Kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi incane kakhulu kule mali eyoke ithole indlela eya kubantu abavamile. Inqobo nje uma ukukhula kusenzima, amabhange azimele azosaba ukutshala imali emisebenzini ekhiqizayo futhi azothambekela kakhulu ekuguquleni imali yawo ohlotsheni olufanayo lwemisebenzi ecatshangelwayo enobungozi obukhulu edale ukuthi le nkinga iqale. Ngokungamangalisi, yilokhu kanye okwenzekile ngokukhululeka kwenani e-US nase-UK. Kungani futhi izimakethe zamasheya zase-US kanye nemakethe yezakhiwo yaseLondon ingaba phezulu kakhulu phakathi nokuwohloka komnotho okuthathe isikhathi eside?
Ngokubukeka kwawo, umhlaba usuvele ufakaza ukwehla kwamandla emali kolunye uchungechunge lwamabhamuza ezimpahla adumile futhi angaba yinhlekelele, kulokhu okugqugquzelwa ukungenelela kwebhange elikhulu. Isinqumo se-ECB sokunqwabelana kulo mdlalo oyingozi, nokwenza kanjalo ngendlela emelene nenhlalo ngokwedlulele (ukugcina izithupha ze-austerity kuma-periphery kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo yenqaba ngisho nokucabangela ukwesulwa kwezikweletu okunenjongo noma ukudluliswa kwezimali okuqhubekayo) kuveza ngokujulile lokhu. umlingiswa onepolitiki hhayi we-ECB kuphela kodwa wephrojekthi ye-neoliberal ye-EU ngokujwayelekile. Futhi yingakho iBlockupy iyisinyathelo esibaluleke kangaka njengamanje.
Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi imibukiso yaseFrankfurt isebenzela ukwenza kabusha ipolitiki ku-ECB futhi ibeke isisekelo senhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe ephikisana nomthetho wezezimali; futhi ziletha ukumelana nokuqina enhliziyweni yombuso wezinkinga zaseYurophu. Kungazelelwe lokhu akusekho nje mayelana nokuvukela kwabakweletayo endaweni ezungezile. Manje, lapho iqembu lababhange libheka phansi lisendaweni yalo ephakeme, lizothola umhlabathi uthuthumela ngaphansi kwezinyawo zabo. Izindonga zengilazi ezinhle ze-skyscraper, ezihloselwe ukudlulisa umqondo ongamanga wokuvuleleka nokungafihli lutho, zizoba yikhava embi yokubola okuqinile kohlobo lwemali olulodwa.
Yebo, i-Eurozone izigijima ngokwayo emhlabathini. Futhi cha, ayikwazi ukuguqulwa. Ukuze intando yeningi yaseYurophu iphumelele, kufanele idatshulwe phakathi.
UJerome Roos ungumcwaningi we-PhD ku-International Political Economy e-European University Institute, futhi ungumhleli ongumsunguli we-ROAR Magazine. Mlandele kuTwitter @JeromeRoos.
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