Njengoba uBiden ezama ukusunduza Uhlelo lwakhe Lwemisebenzi YaseMelika kanye Nohlelo Lwemindeni YaseMelika, izimpawu zezikhathi zijwayeleke kakhulu: okunye ukushaqeka kuthumela umnotho esimweni sokungaqiniseki, ukuntula ukubona kusengaphambili kanye nokuphuma ezinhlelweni zomphakathi kuholele ekuphenduleni okungafanele. , izigidi ezingasebenzi ezingenawo amathemba okululama. Khonamanjalo, osozigidigidi bebelokhu bekhula ngokwenyuka ingcebo ngendlela engakaze ibonwe. Lawa maphakethe okusebenzisa imali, yize engakaze abonwe ezikhathini zanamuhla, angahle angabi ukuphela kwendaba uma abaphathi beBiden benza okuhle ezithembisweni zabo zokulwa nenkinga yesimo sezulu ngoshintsho olukhulu.
Ngesikhathi somkhankaso wokuba ngumongameli, ithimba likaBiden likhiphe uhlelo lwakhe lwe-Build Back Better njengendlela eya phambili yokuvuselela umgogodla womnotho wesigaba sabasebenzi ngenkathi isusa amafutha ezinsalela ukuze kugwenywe inhlekelele yesimo sezulu. Ukucindezela kwakhe kwakamuva kwezomthetho kususelwa kulolu hlelo. Kulezi zinsuku, sekucishe kube umqondo ojwayelekile ngakwesobunxele ukusunduza ukululama okuluhlaza. Ukugqugquzela okufana ne-Green New Deal kwakudingeka ngaphambi kwalolu bhubhane. Kodwa manje, kubonakala sengathi kukhona ukuvumelana okunwebekayo ngisho nasemazwini okusungulwa kokuthi ukululama okuluhlaza kuyindlela yokuqhubekela phambili.
Noma uhlelo lukaBiden lungawasho amagama athi “Green New Deal” (empeleni, ungumphikisi wohlelo “lwesocialist”), inhlangano yesimo sezulu isiqalile ukukhipha umoya njengoba abaphathi bakhe bebukeka bemukela imibono. yenguquko yokuvelela naphezu kwezinkulumo ezahlukene. Kodwa kufanele siqaphe kakhulu. Izimpawu ziya ngokuya zikhomba ikusasa eligcwele amazwi aluhlaza, kodwa ukuqhubekisela phambili uhlelo olubhebhezela le nkinga ngempela. Ukufundwa ngokucophelela kohlelo lwe-Build Back Better, kanye nokuthutheleka kwezinkampani ezinkulu zezezimali kanye nabantu abacebile ukuze babe nemicabango “yomsindisi wesimo sezulu,” kuveza lokho okwenzekayo ngempela.
Ekuphindeni kwezingqinamba zonxiwankulu zesikhathi esedlule, abanamandla balinde isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukuthi abantu abaningi abaphelelwe ithemba sebelungele ukuthatha imvuthuluka “yenqubekelaphambili.” Ngaso sonke lesi sikhathi, izakhiwo zamandla ezibangele ukubola aziguquki ngamayintshi. Esimeni sesimo sezulu esibucayi, uhlelo ngokwalo yilo oluqhubekisela phambili le nkinga - ukubhekana nesiqephu esisodwa kuphela ngeke kugweme ukucekelwa phansi. Ngaleyo ndlela sima endaweni ebalulekile endleleni eya enqubeni. Ngabe ukunyakaza kwesimo sezulu kuzokwazi ukubona umlando oziphindaphindayo, bese uphikisa ngokufanele?
Ukuvuselela I-American Capitalism
Mhlawumbe enye yezimpahla ezinkulu kakhulu ezinamandla e-US ukuqonda okungajulile komlando wesizwe sethu. Ngaphandle kwephutha lethu, izincwadi zokufunda ezisakazwayo kanye nesistimu yezemvelo yemidiya akusenzelanga lutho ngokusinika amandla okubeka izehlakalo zamanje emijikelezweni yomlando yombango wezikhundla. Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, sivame ukuhluleka ukubona ukuthi kwenzekani kuze kube yilapho sekwephuze kakhulu.
Ukuhlehla kafushane emuva enkathini efanayo emlandweni wase-US kunganikeza ukuqonda ngalokho okubonakala kwenzeka osukwini lwethu lwanamuhla. Ngesikhathi se-New Deal yasekuqaleni, umnotho wase-US nawo wawudonsa kanzima usuka eKuwohlokeni Okukhulu Kwezomnotho. Umzabalazo odumile waphoqa uMongameli Roosevelt ukuthi ashaye umthetho we-New Deal. Nakuba i-New Deal yenza izinguquko ezibalulekile, ayizange ilwe ngokugcwele nokucindezeleka. Ukukhula kwezomnotho kwangempela kwavela ekugqugquzeleni iMpi Yezwe II, eyehlisa izinga labantu abangasebenzi lisuka ku-8.1% ngo-1940 laya ku-1.1% ngo-1945. Encwadini kaHoward Zinn ethi A People's History of the US, ubhala ukuthi, “impi yaletha amanani aphezulu kubalimi, amaholo aphezulu. , ukuchuma okwanele ukuba abantu babhekane nezihlubuki ezazisongela iminyaka engamashumi amathathu.” Khona-ke uZinn ucaphuna isazi-mlando uLawrence Wittner, esibhala ukuthi “inzuzo enkulu yayitholakala enzuzweni yezinkampani, eyakhuphuka isuka ezigidini eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-6.4 zamaRandi ngo-1940 yaya kumaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-10.8 ngo-1944. .”
Lena indaba ebinanela kuwo wonke umlando wezwe lethu: uhlelo lujwayela ukubiza ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo ukuze abanamandla bangapheli amandla. Sikubonile ngokwakhiwa kwemithetho kaJim Crow ngesikhathi soKwakha Kabusha, ngemuva kokuwohloka okukhulu kwezomnotho njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ngemuva kwezibhelu ngeminyaka yawo-1960 kanye nama-70's ngokunyuka okudidiyelwe kwe-neoliberalism, kanye nasekutakulweni kwe-Wall Street ngemuva kowezi-2008- 09 inkinga yezezimali. Ngayinye yalezi zinguquko yagcina izingqinamba eziyisisekelo, futhi sisaqhubeka sibhekana nazo namuhla. Umzuzu wamanje awumi ngaphandle kwephethini.
Izimpawu zokuvuselelwa okulandelayo konxiwankulu zisizungezile. Ama-Elites nezinye izinhlangano ezinamandla zilwela ukuba ngabalandelayo emgqeni ukuze zibone ngokuzumayo ingozi eseduze yenkinga yesimo sezulu, zinikeze ukuhlaziya kwazo okunengqondo nezisombululo. Noma ngabe i-International Monetary Fund, i-OECD, noma osozigidigidi base-Davos, izingalo ezinkulu ze-monopoly capitalism zihlanza inkinga ngethemba lokuzuza. Ngisho nomhlali we-philanthropist ku-chief Bill Gates uzama ukungena esenzweni.
Abanye bangase baphikise ngokuthi akukho lutho olungalungile ngokwenza imali ngenguquko edingekayo eya emnothweni oluhlaza, kodwa bayaphuthelwa iphuzu lokuthi inkinga yesimo sezulu ayiyona nje umphumela wokukhishwa kwegesi. Izisombululo eziphakanyiswe yilabo abazama ukwenza inzuzo ziyalishaya indiva leli phuzu, futhi bayehluleka ukubona ukuthi inkinga yesimo sezulu iwuphawu olunezinhlangothi eziningi zohlelo lonxiwankulu olubalekayo olubasekelayo.
Okungcono Kobani?
Uhlelo lwe-Biden's Build Back Better (BBB) aluhlukile kulolu hlaka. Yize isishintshile izinhloso zayo kanye nezinkulumo ngenxa yengcindezi yabahleli besimo sezulu, ukufunda okujulile kwembula ukuthi iyinkulumo nje kuphela. Njengengxenye yomzamo wokudicilela phansi uhlelo lweBiden lomnyakazo omkhulu futhi sibone ukuthi yini ezayo ngokulandelayo, sikuhlolile, kanye nesiphakamiso sangempela seGreen New Deal (GND) esivela emkhankasweni kaBernie Sanders, ukuqhathanisa nokuqhathanisa izixazululo. Ukukhombisa ukuthi uhlelo lwe-BBB luhlose kanjani ukuvuselela ubunxiwankulu, siqhathanisa izigaba ezimbili ezibalulekile: amandla avuselelekayo, kanye nezolimo (nakuba, lezi akuzona zodwa ezingaqhathaniswa kuzo zombili izinhlelo).
Okuveziwe ukuthi uhlelo lukaBiden, yize lunenqubekela phambili, luhlose ukunikela okwanele kubantu abadonsa kanzima ukuze bakwazi ukudlula, kodwa lugcina lonke uhlelo lunethezekile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iziphakamiso ze-GND zikhuthaza ukuthola umsuka walezi zinhlelo ezibhubhisayo, futhi kulingane ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla emphakathini.
Amandla avuselelekayo
Kungase kulingeke ukucabanga ukuthi uhlelo lwe-BBB luhanjiswe kumazinga e-GND okungenani endaweni yamandla avuselelekayo, okusobala ukuthi imboni entsha yomkhakha webhizinisi igxile kakhulu. Nokho, uhlelo lusahamba kuze kube manje. Ithembisa ugesi ohlanzekile, kanye nomkhakha wamandla angenayo i-carbon ngo-2035, nokukhishwa kwe-net-zero ezweni lonke ngo-2050. Isifiso sokufuna amandla angenayo i-carbon isinyathelo esiqhubekela phambili ohlelweni lwakhe lwasekuqaleni. Izindlela ahlose ngazo ukufeza lezi zinhloso zibalwe njengomoya, ilanga, i-nuclear, i-hydrogen, ne-carbon capture. Ufaka imali engu-$400B, ngesikhathi sakhe sokuqala, ukuze athole amandla ahlanzekile kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha.
I-Sanders/Inslee GND iphishekela igoli elinolaka kakhulu. Babiza u-100% wamandla avuselelekayo kagesi nezokuthutha ngo-2030, futhi i-decarbonization ephelele ngo-2050. Izindlela zabo zibhalwe njengomoya, ilanga, i-geothermal, futhi ngokusobala hhayi i-nuclear noma i-carbon capture - ebizwa ngokuthi "izixazululo zamanga." Bazibophezela ukusebenzisa u-$1.52T kumandla avuselelekayo kanye no-$852B kumthamo wokugcina amandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bafuna ukuthi kudalwe enye i-Federal Power Marketing Administration (PMA), kanye nokwandiswa kwama-PMA akhona ukuze kwakhiwe amandla avuselelekayo. Kulolu hlelo, amandla azoba ngawasesidlangalaleni, aphathwe ama-PMA wombuso, i-Bureau of Reclamation, kanye ne-Tennessee Valley Authority - ngokuncanyelwayo kokusatshalaliswa kwamandla okunikezwe izinsiza zomphakathi noma eziphethwe ngokubambisana.
Umehluko phakathi kwale mibono yomibili usobala futhi unama-nuances. Ngokushesha, kuyacaca ukuthi uhlelo lwe-GND luhlose ukusebenzisa imali eyengeziwe, kanye nokwakha okuvuselelekayo ngesivinini esisheshayo. Ikhwelo lohlelo lwe-GND lokuthola amandla kagesi avuselelekayo angu-100% (ama-27% e-US 2018 GHG emissions) kanye nezokuthutha (28% of US 2018 GHG emissions) ngo-2030 nakho kukubeka phezu kuka-50% wamandla avuselelekayo ngo-2030 ngaphezu kuka-27% ezokuthutha ngo-2035 ohlelweni lwe-BBB. Kodwa-ke, okufihliwe olimini ngokwalo umehluko phakathi kokukhishwa kwe-“net-zero” ngo-2050 (BBB) kanye “nokukhipha ikhabhoni okuphelele” ngo-2050 (GND). I-“Net-zero” ivumela ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ukuthi kuqhubeke, kodwa incike emazikeni ekhabhoni ukuze iwasuse (izindlela zohlelo zihlanganisa “ukuthwebula ikhabhoni”). “Ukukhipha ikhabhoni okuphelele” kuzoqhubekela phambili futhi kungavumeli noma yikuphi ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni. Okokugcina, ikhwelo le-GND lokuthi amandla abe ngaphansi komphakathi ngokukhethwa kokusabalalisa kwezinsiza zomphakathi neziphethwe ngokubambisana sibalulekile. Ibeka umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinhlelo njengokuvumela amandla angasese ukuthi aqhubeke nokubusa, kodwa manje ngokusebenzisa okuvuselelekayo (BBB), ngokumelene nokubuyisela amandla emiphakathini ngokuziphendulela komphakathi (GND). Ngisho nolimi oluthi “net-zero” luvumela izinkampani zamafutha ezinsalela ukuthi ziqhubeke nokwenza inzuzo, kanye nesikhathi esengeziwe soshintsho, kuyilapho “i-decarbonization” izomisa ngokuphelele ukugeleza kwemali ezinkampanini zikaphethiloli.
Ezolimo
Futhi, njengokwenqaba okukhulu emcabangweni wokuthi izinto ezikhishwayo nezinto ezivuselelwayo kuwukuphela kwesidingo sokugxila ekunciphiseni ubunzima besimo sezulu, umehluko phakathi kwezinhlelo eziphathelene nezolimo uzokwenza umehluko omkhulu kakhulu. Uhlelo lwe-BBB luka-Biden lufuna ngokufanelekile imisebenzi engu-250,000 yokuxhuma imithombo kawoyela negesi yemvelo elahliwe, futhi kubuyiselwe izimayini zamalahle ezilahliwe, i-hardrock, ne-uranium. Ibiza ukucekela phansi imboni yokudla nezolimo. Ihlose ukuthuthukisa ucwaningo ekuphathweni kwenhlabathi, i-biologies yezitshalo, namasu ezolimo okugcina isikhutha esivela emoyeni emhlabathini. Ngokuphawulekayo, futhi idinga ukuxhaswa ngezimali kwezitshalo zokuqala ze-biofuel nemisebenzi ezweni.
I-Sanders/Inslee GND ifuna uxhaso lwezimali zezinqubo zezolimo ezivuselelayo - okuhlanganisa imisebenzi eshintshayo yokondla izilwane, kanye nokubeka phambili abalimi ababencishwe amathuba emphakathini nabaqalayo. Iphinde ikhuthaze ukuthi abalimi bakhokhelwe ukuze bathathe ikhabhoni, kanye noxhaso lokuvumela abalimi ukuthi bahlukane nokuncika ekuthembeleni kuphethiloli emapulazini abo. Nalapha, lolu hlelo luqhubekela phambili. Izama ngokusobala ukuhlakaza amabhizinisi amakhulu ezolimo, kanye nezinhlelo zokulawulwa kokuhlinzekwa kwempahla ukuze kuvinjelwe ukushoda kanye nensalela (ukuze abalimi bakwazi ukuziphilisa ngaphandle kokukhiqiza ngokweqile). Uhlelo lwe-GND lubeka eqhulwini ukutshalwa kwezimali ezinhlelweni zokufinyelela umhlaba kanye nokwelulwa, i-USDA yokuqeqeshwa kwabalimi ababencishwe amathuba emphakathini, kanye nendlela eya ekubeni isakhamuzi kubasebenzi basemapulazini abasuka kwamanye amazwe. Ibona ngeso lengqondo ukutshalwa kwezimali ezitolo zegrosa ezisebenzisanayo noma eziphethwe umphakathi, izinxephezelo zezikole ezithola ukudla emithonjeni yendawo, imali yokucubungula ukudla kwendawo, kanye noxhaso lokuxazulula indlala nokumosheka kokudla.
Umehluko ucacile, uma kungethusi. Ebusweni babo, izinhlelo ziphinde zehluke ezingeni lokutshalwa kwezimali komphakathi kanye nocwaningo lwezobuchwepheshe ukuze “kusungulwe” izixazululo zenkinga yezolimo. Uhlelo lwe-GND lucacile ngesidingo sokuhlakaza ukuhwebelana kwamabhizinisi ezolimo kanye nokuguqula indlela esicabanga ngayo ngokudla nezolimo ukuze kugxiliswe umphakathi - into izinhlangano zobulungisa bokudla ezihlale ziyibiza njalo. Ikhwelo lohlelo lwe-BBB lokuxhasa ngezimali izimboni zokuqala ze-biofuel nemisebenzi liyisipho esifayo sokubeka eqhulwini ibhizinisi lezolimo elikhona. Lawa ma-biofuels ayezokwenziwa ngani? Ummbila otshalwe ngokweqile kanye nesoya ezweni lonke, futhi uwumgogodla weziqhwaga ezikhona zezolimo.
Ukuhlolwa Okulandelayo Kwe-Climate Movement
Ngenkathi uhlelo lwe-Biden luhlose "Ukwakha Kangcono Kahle," inqwaba yezinzuzo iya emandleni ayimfihlo asevele ekhona futhi abusa umnotho wethu namuhla. Ukuze uphendule umbuzo othi, "Kungcono ngobani?" singasho ngokungananazi ukuthi abaphathi bafuna ukwanelisa ama-corporation phezu kwabantu. I-Sanders/Inslee GND izokwakhela emuva kangcono abantu abajwayelekile. Kodwa lokho kungasho ukudiliza izinhlelo esezivele zikhona, futhi kwakhiwe kabusha kusuka phansi kuya phezulu, kunokusuka phezulu kuye phansi.
Amaqembu ezemvelo angase alahleke enkulumweni yohlelo lwe-Biden, futhi ukwenza kanjalo kuzoqinisekisa ukuphindaphindwa komjikelezo womlando wokwakha kabusha ngemva kwezinkinga zonxiwankulu. Uhlelo lwe-BBB ngokungangabazeki luwuhlelo lokuvuselela ubunxiwankulu baseMelika. Ukunyakaza kwesimo sezulu ngokungangabazeki kuyinqobile impi yokubeka inkinga yesimo sezulu njengosongo olukhona ngaleso sikhathi, kepha ukulandisa kuhleli kahle nokumisa ukukhishwa kwegesi. Lokhu kubuka okuwumngcingo kuvumela amandla-lokho ukuthi ngesikhathi esisodwa abonakale elusizo futhi enza inzuzo kunguquko.
Inkinga imayelana nokungaphezulu kakhulu kokukhishwa kwegesi, futhi ukugxila kukho kugeja izizathu ezijulile esisebunzimeni. Izakhiwo zamandla angalingani, okukodwa nje kwezimbangela eziningi eziphambanayo, zinegalelo elifana nelikagesi. Baye bavumela izithakazelo ezifuna inzuzo zedlanzana elincane ukuba lilawule iningi, elifuna ushintsho olukhulu ukuze ligweme inhlekelele. Lezi zimpambanomgwaqo akumele ziqondwe nje ngokuthi “kumnandi ukuba nezinto,” kodwa kubalulekile ekuxazululeni inkinga. Ngaphandle kokubhekana nazo, sibhekene nokuvuselelwa konxiwankulu, nokuqhubekisela phambili le nkinga.
U-Nick Rabb ungumhleli wevolontiya nehabhu le-Sunrise Movement's Boston, futhi ungumfundi we-PhD e-Tufts University.
U-Alex Trimm ungowokuzalwa e-Southern California futhi ungumhleli ovolontiya onehabhu le-Sunrise Movement's Boston.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
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