URoberto Micheletti, owathatha izintambo zombuso eHonduras kulandela ukuketulwa umbuso kwangoJuni 28, usegxekwe kakhulu wumphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe ngokwenqaba isivumelwano, okwaxoxiswana ngaso noMongameli waseCosta Rica u-Oscar Arias, esasizovumela uManuel Zelaya, umongameli okhethwe ngokwentando yeningi ukuba adingiswe. amasosha, ukuthi abuye njengenhloko kahulumeni wokubuyisana. Kepha inkani kaMicheletti ikhuthazwa yilabo ababona le nkinga njengethuba lokumisa ukuqhubeka kweLatin America kwesokunxele. Ngemva kwenyanga nesigamu ukuketulwa kukaZelaya, izwe elincane, elimpofu kakhulu laseMelika Ephakathi seliphenduke indawo yempi enkulu engase ilolonge ipolitiki ye-hemispheric, kuhlanganise nenqubomgomo kaBarack Obama yangaphandle, iminyaka ezayo.
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Ngeminyaka yawo-1980s iHonduras yasebenza njengendawo yenkundla yokusebenza kuka-Ronald Reagan ngokumelene namakhomanisi ezindaweni ezingomakhelwane i-Nicaragua, El Salvador kanye neGuatemala kanye nengosi YamaKristu Amalungelo Amasha ukuze abuyisele emuva imfundiso yenkolo yenkululeko. I-Crusade ye-anti-communist yase-Central America yaba yinto yeqembu lokufa i-Da Vinci Code, ihlanganisa i-carnivalesque cast ehlanganisa i-neocons yesizukulwane sokuqala, abahlukumezi baseLatin America, ama-oligarchs wendawo, ama-anti-Castro Cubans, ama-mercenaries, i-Opus Dei ideologues nabavangeli abashaya epulpiti.
Umkhankaso wokuxosha uZelaya nokuvimbela ukubuyiselwa kwakhe usuhlanganise amaqabane amadala asuka kulowo mzabalazo, okuhlanganisa nezibalo ezifana noFernando "Billy" Joya (owayeyilungu leBattalion 1980 ngeminyaka yawo-316, uphiko lwamasosha aseHonduran olubhekene nokunyamalala kwamakhulu, futhi manje osesebenza njengomeluleki wezokuphepha kaMicheletti) kanye nomakadebona base-Iran/Contra abafana no-Otto Reich (owayephethe iHhovisi likaReagan Lezokusebenzelana Komphakathi, elasebenzisa kabi imali yomphakathi ukuze kunukubezwe imibono yomphakathi ukuze kusekelwe impi yeContra ngokumelene neNicaragua). Ojenene baseHonduran abasusa uZelaya esikhundleni bathola ukuqeqeshwa kwabo kwezempi ngesikhathi sezimpi ezingcolile zalesi sifunda, okuhlanganisa nezifundo eSikoleni esinedumela elibi laseMelika. Futhi inkinga yamanje yembula ukuhlukana okuvamile phakathi kwabaholi bamaKatolika abalandela imithetho namaProthestani angamavangeli asekela ukuketula umbuso, ngakolunye uhlangothi, namaKrestu athuthukayo azingelwa amabutho ezokuphepha, ngakolunye.
Abajoyine umfelandawonye wabalingisi abasha abafana noRobert Carmona-Borjas waseVenezuela, owaba nesandla emzamweni ka-2002 wokuketula uMengameli waseVenezuela uHugo Chavez. Ngokomhlaziyi waseLatin America uLaura Carlsen, uCarmona, esebenzisana eduze neReich, wagxila eHonduras ngemva kokwehluleka ukumisa impumelelo yokhetho yenxele eVenezuela. Kusukela ngo-2007, iCarmona's Arcadia Foundation yethula umkhankaso wabezindaba wokudicilela phansi isithunzi uZelaya ngokusola uhulumeni wakhe ngokugxumela okusabalele. Njengoba uCarlsen ebhala, "isimo sepolitiki sokulwa nenkohlakalo kwe-Arcadia sasisobala kusukela ekuqaleni. UCarmona, kanye no-Otto Reich, babeka uMongameli uZelaya icala lokuhambisana" ngamaphutha ahlukahlukene. Impi yayifana nendlela amaqembu axhumene ne-International Republican Institute "yokukhuthaza intando yeningi" adicilela phansi uhulumeni kamongameli waseHaiti uJean-Bertrand Aristide, okwaholela ekuketulweni kwakhe ngo-2004.
Omunye omusha kule mpi u-Lanny Davis, owayengumeluleki ka-Hillary Clinton owaphenduke waba umxhumanisi, owaqashwa ngabasekeli bebhizinisi lokuketula umbuso ukusunduza uMnyango Wezifundazwe zikaClinton ukuthi wamukele uhulumeni waseMicheletti. Uphiko lukaClinton lweDemocratic Party lunobudlelwane obujulile nama-neoliberal aseLatin America abengamele izinqubomgomo ezilimazayo zokukhulula izimakethe ngeminyaka yawo-1990s, manje asebesuswe esikhundleni ngabashisekeli abasha besifunda. Abavoti bakaClinton kanye nabeluleki, abanjengoStanley Greenberg kanye noDoug Schoen, basebenze emikhankasweni yabo eminingi yokuba ngumongameli, ngokuvamile ohlangothini oluhlulwayo.
Eminyakeni emithathu eyedlule lesi sifunda, esasivalelwe e-US emkhakheni wethonya le-Central American Free Trade Agreement, sasibonakala singavikelekile ezinguqukweni ezenzeka eNingizimu Melika, ezilethe abanxele emandleni emazweni amaningi. Kodwa-ke ama-Sandinistas abuyela ehhovisi eNicaragua ngo-2006. Muva nje, i-FMLN iwine isikhundla sikamongameli e-El Salvador, kanti iGuatemala, eholwa nguMongameli u-Alvaro Colom, ibona ukuvuswa kabusha kwezishoshovu zabalimi, eziningi zazo ngokumelene nezimayini zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezimayini zamazwe ngamazwe. i-biofuel corporations.
E-Honduras, uZelaya wanyakazisa izinto ngokukhuphula iholo elincane futhi waxolisa ngokubulawa kwezingane zasemigwaqweni namalungu ezigelekeqe okwenziwa umbutho wezokuphepha ngeminyaka yawo-1990. Wathutha ukuze anciphise ukuba khona kwamasosha aseMelika futhi wenqaba ukwenza ibe yimfihlo iHondutel, inkampani yezokuxhumana ephethwe nguhulumeni, isivumelwano uMicheletti, njengomongameli weCongress, asiphusha. U-Zelaya uphinde waphikisa umthetho, ngokufanayo osekelwa uMicheletti, obengavimbela ukuthengiswa kwephilisi lasekuseni. Uma kucatshangelwa ukusekela kukaMongameli waseNicaragua uDaniel Ortega okuyihlazo kokuma kweSonto LamaKatolika mayelana nokuhushulwa kwezisu, okwaphumela ekubeni umthetho ugunyaze ukugqunywa ejele iminyaka engamashumi amathathu kwabesifazane abazitholayo, mhlawumbe lesi kwakuyisinyathelo sesibindi esikhulu sikaZelaya. Wamukela nosizo lwangaphandle, oluwuhlobo lwe-petroleum ebiza kancane, evela eVenezuela. Ngeke kwenzeke ukweqisa inzondo yesigaba esibusayo saseMelika Emaphakathi ngoChavez, osandla sakhe sibonakala ngemuva kwayo yonke imibhikisho yabalimi kanye nazo zonke izingcingo zokuthi kwenziwe intando yeningi kwezepolitiki nezomnotho zesifunda. Umongameli womkhandlu wezamabhizinisi waseHonduran muva nje uthe uChavez "wayeneHonduras emlonyeni. Wayeyikati elinegundane elabaleka."
Ukulungiswa kwe-Chavez kuphambukisa ukunaka ebuphofini obukhulayo esifundeni, kanye nasekuhlulekeni kwemodeli yezomnotho ye-neoliberal ekhuthazwa iWashington emashumini eminyaka amuva nje. Amaphesenti angu-50 abantu baseMelika Ephakathi, nangaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-XNUMX abantu baseHondurans, baphila ngobumpofu. I-Chavez mania iphinde iphazamise iqiniso lokuthi ngaphansi “kwempi yezidakamizwa” yaseWashington eyinhlekelele ngokulinganayo, izinqola zobugebengu, ezigxilile emindenini yezempi neyendabuko yama-oligarchic, zenze ingxenye enkulu ye-Central America yaba yilokho iHhovisi laseWashington eLatin America elikubiza ngokuthi “izifunda ezithunjiwe. ."
Ku-White House, iHonduras ikhombisa ukuthi isivivinyo senqubomgomo yangaphandle esinzima ngokungalindelekile. Ngemuva kokugxeka ukuketulwa kombuso, u-Obama udlulisele le nkinga eMnyangweni WezoMbuso. Kunokuba asebenzisane neNhlangano Yamazwe AseMelika (OAS), uNobhala Wezwe uClinton wabeka u-Oscar Arias icala ngokungananazi ngokwenza isivumelwano, eshaya indiva ukukhathazeka kwabanye ohulumeni abaningi baseLatin America ukuthi izingxoxo zizonikeza ukuba semthethweni okukhulu kokuketula umbuso. UClinton kuze kube manje akazimisele ngokufaka unswinyo olungase lube khona, okuhlanganisa nokuvala ama-akhawunti asebhange alabo abenze ukuketula umbuso, ukuphoqa uMicheletti ukuthi amukele uhlelo luka-Arias. Futhi kulabo ababona uMicheletti njengomugqa wokugcina ngokumelene nokusabalala kwe-Chavismo-kungaba eHonduras, eGuatemala, e-El Salvador noma kwenye indawo eMelika-ukubuya kukaZelaya, ngisho nokuqeda izinyanga ezimbalwa ezisele esikhathini sakhe, akwamukelekile. .
Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970 uguquko lwamaSandinista lwembula imingcele yokubekezelela kukaJimmy Carter ubuzwe bomhlaba wesithathu. Lapho uCarter ezama ukushweleza oklebe ekulawuleni kwakhe, kwaba yilapho esolwa kakhulu ngokuxega, ngaleyo ndlela evula indlela yokuthi ama-neoconservatives, ngaphansi kukaReagan, asebenzise i-Central America ukukhombisa umugqa wabo oqinile.
Kuyenzeka okufanayo namuhla. AmaRiphabhlikhi ahlangane eMicheletti, ethumela ithimba leCongressional eliholwa nguConnie Mack ukuthi livakashele eTegucigalpa. Ukuthatha ikhasi encwadini yokudlala ye-Latin American right, baphinde babuyisela u-Obama ngokumhlanganisa no-Chavez. U-Obama, kusho uSenator waseTexas uJohn Cornyn, "kumele ame nabantu baseHonduran, hhayi noHugo Chavez." Kuwuhlobo oluhle amaRepublicans, angekho ohlelweni lwasekhaya, abethembele kulo. Isikhundla seVenezuela kuHonduras siyefana neseBrazil neChile–futhi, ngalokho, i-European Union. Kodwa ukuhlasela kwamaphiko angakwesokudla kuyasebenza, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi abashisekeli benkululeko abazichaza ngokuphindaphindiwe bazitika ngokuphindaphindiwe ekusebenzelaneni namademoni hhayi kukaChavez, njengoba uLanny Davis esanda kwenza, kodwa kwabenxele abafana no-Evo Morales eBolivia kanye noRafael Correa e-Ecuador.
Ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti uMnyango Wezwe wabonakala unikeza amaRiphabhulikhi izizathu, usho encwadini ayibhalela uSenator weRiphabhulikhi uRichard Lugar ukuthi "izenzo ezicasulayo zikaZelaya…zidalule izehlakalo eziholele ekususweni kwakhe." Lesi sitatimende, kanye neminye imizamo eqinile yokucindezela uMicheletti, kukhombisa ukuzimisela kwabaphathi baka-Obama ukumelana nengcindezi yophiko lwesokudla.
U-Obama ngokwakhe uyaqhubeka nokuthumela izimpawu ezixubile. Engqungqutheleni ka-August eGuadalajara yomongameli baseMexico, Canada nase-United States, wakhala ngokuthi “abagxeki abathi i-United States ayizange ingenelele ngokwanele eHonduras yibo labo bantu abathi siyangenelela njalo kanye namaYankees. udinga ukuphuma eLatin America. Ngeke ukwazi ukuyithola ngezindlela zombili." Kodwa-ke, akekho eLatin America ocela ukungenelela kwe-US okuhlangene kodwa kunalokho iWashington isebenzisane ne-OAS. Ngokubeka esikhundleni u-Oscar Arias, i-United States yabukela phansi i-OAS ngempumelelo. Ngosuku olufanayo u-Obama esho la mazwi, omongameli baseNingizimu Melika, behlangene eQuito, e-Ecuador, baphinde bakugxeka ukuketulwa umbuso futhi bathi ngeke bahloniphe noma yimuphi umongameli okhethwe ngaphansi kombuso wamanje-isinyathelo uMnyango WezoMbuso kaClinton onqabile ukusithatha.
Ukwehluleka ukubuyisela uZelaya emandleni kuzothumela umyalezo ocacile kuma-Conservatives aseLatin America wokuthi iWashington izobekezelela ukuketulwa umbuso, inqobo nje uma kwenziwa ngaphansi kwegama lentando yeningi. Njengoba isazi-mlando uMiguel Tinker Salas esanda kuphawula endabeni eshicilelwe ku-Common Dreams, sebevele bezwa ukuthi iHonduras ingase ibe yinguquko. Usomabhizinisi odla ngoludala usanda kuwina isikhundla sikamongameli ePanama. NgoJuni e-Argentina, iqembu lika-Cristina Fernandez eliphakathi kwesobunxele le-Peronist lahlukunyezwa okhethweni lwaphakathi nonyaka futhi lalahlekelwa ukulawula iCongress. Futhi izinhlolovo zikhombisa ukuthi ukhetho lukamongameli oluzayo eChile naseBrazil luzobe luseduze, ngokunokwenzeka lubhekane nokulahlekelwa okwengeziwe kwesokunxele.
Okwamanje, uZelaya uhlanganisa abalandeli abavela phesheya ukuze bacindezele ukuthi abuye. E-Honduras, imibhikisho iyaqhubeka futhi inani lemizimba liyakhuphuka. Okungenani abasekeli bakaZelaya abayishumi nanye babulewe kusukela kuketulwa umbuso. Owakamuva, uMartin Florencio Rivera, ugwazwe washona ngesikhathi eshiya umlindelo obenzelwe esinye isisulu. UMicheletti, yena, uzingele eTegucigalpa, ebheja ukuthi angakwazi ukusebenzisa ukwesekwa kwamazwe ngamazwe ukuze kuqhubeke kuze kube ukhetho lukamongameli oluhleliwe ngoNovemba. Inkambo yesikhathi esizayo yepolitiki yaseLatin America ingase ilenge esilinganisweni.
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