Mayelana nokusabalala kwezindawo kanye nokufinyelela kwabantu, i-India ineqembu elilodwa likazwelonke, okuyi-Indian National Congress, kanye neqembu elilodwa elifana nezwe lonke, okuyi-Bharatiya Janata Partyโquasi ngenxa yokuthi phakathi kwezihlalo eziyikhulu namashumi amahlanu noma ngaphezulu zasephalamende empumalanga yeNdiya. kanye namaZwe aseningizimu ayinawo amandla enhlangano noma ezepolitiki. Okungasho ukuthi akulona umsindo omkhulu ekusakazeni isimangalo sawo esiyinhloko "sobuNdiya" ngezizathu zamasiko amaHindu, i-indigenism ebanjwe kakhulu eyakha "ubuzwe" bayo. Ingase isondele kakhulu kumnotho wonxiwankulu bamazwe aseNtshonalanga, futhi iqhelelene nenqwaba yezigidi zabantu abampofu baseNdiya, kodwa amaqiniso anjalo anomthelela omncane ekucabangeni kwawo okungabazekayo kokuba amaNdiya kakhulu kunanoma yimuphi omunye.
Iqiniso okufanele lishiwo, ubuNtshonalanga bayo budlulela ngalรฉ kokuba seduze kwayo nezinto zaseMelika; Ithiyori yezombangazwe yenhlangano yabaqondisi bayo, iRashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) njengoba ibhalwe ngokuzwakalayo yinkosi yayo yakudala, uGolwalkar, itholakala ngesilinganiso esihle kubuFascism baseYurophu kanye โnokuziqhenya kohlangaโ lukaHiter (ibinzana likaGowalker) okwakumelwe atuswe kuye. . (Bheka eyakhe Thina, ubuzwe bethu buchaziwe, futhi Inqwaba Yemicabango) Kumelwe kube indida ukuthi lapho umeluleki oyiphayona we-Hindu Right, uMoonje, egqugquzelwa uMussolini ahamba naye ikakhulukazi ukuyohlangana naye, uSonia Gandhi waseNhlangano owazalelwa eNtaliyane usikhumbuza umcabango wamaNtaliyane weMazzini neGaribaldi. . Futhi, nokho, alusoze lwadlula usuku lapho abazibiza ngokuthi โabomdabuโ be-Hindu Right bengambizi njengomuntu wangaphandle wase-Italy. Iqiniso liwukuthi uma Ilungelo LamaHindu belisohlangothini lobuFascist lwemicabango yamazwe ngamazwe, iCongress kanye noSonia kusalokhu kugxilile enkumbulweni yomlando yeSocialism yamazwe ngamazwe. Ukuhlukana okunjalo ekugcineni okubonisa ubuzwe obuqhudelanayo beCongress kanye ne-Bharatiya Janata Party.
Uma uKhongolose ubuyela emuva ku-1885, i-RSS iphawula ngokuphawulekayo ukuzalwa kwayo ngesikhathi lapho ubuFascist base-Euoropean bukhuphuka, okungukuthi, ngo-1924-25.
Eminyakeni engamashumi ayisithupha nesikhombisa noma ngaphezulu selokhu i-India yathola inkululeko ekubusweni ngamakholoni, i-Indian National Congress ibilokhu ikuhulumeni eDelhi iminyaka engaba ngamashumi amahlanu nane noma ngaphezulu-irekhodi elimangalisayo, okungenzeka ukuthi, uma ngicabanga ngalo, lingase lingafiswa nje Fluke, nokho izigaba ezintsha zase-India โzezifisoโ ezinezithakazelo zomlando ezinganakwa noma izinkumbulo zingase zibeke leso simo ekukhohliseni isikhathi eside nangempumelelo kwe-hoi polloi ngokusebenzisa ubuciko kanye ne-double cross. Uma bekukholakala, lonke ukhetho lukazwelonke lwaseNdiya kusukela kowokuqala ngo-1952 lubanjwe uKhongolose! Iqiniso elilula lingase libe ukuthi i-Indian National Congress njengenkundla ebanzi negcwele ubuningi bemibono evame ukungqubuzanaโempeleni umfelandawonye weqembu elilodwaโiye yahlala inamandla omlando ngokubambelela ngokuqinile enhlanganisela yezombangazwe, yezomnotho namasiko engakaze ibekwe eceleni ngokusobala. noma yiziphi izithakazelo zamaNdiya, nakuba ukuxuba okunjalo kungenzeka ngempela kushiye zonke izithakazelo ziphazamisekile ngokushintshana.
Isimo samanje sezombangazwe sase-India, noma kanjani, sichaza i-putsch entsha nehlangene yokususa ubukhosi lobu buningi bobuKhongolose, kokubili kumasiko kanye nasemnothweni wezepolitiki wezwe. Kwelinye izinga, izinqubomgomo ezilungele imakethe ezilandelwa uHulumeni waseManmohan Singh kule minyaka eyishumi edlule ziveze ukukhula okumangalisayo ku-Gross Domestic Product njengoba ibeke ingxenye enkulu yomcebo omusha ezandleni zezinkampani ezizimele; futhi, kwenye, futhi yanikeza inqwaba yemithetho yezenhlalo enika amandla izixuku ezimpofu ngoxhaxha lwamalungelo aphoqelelwe ngokomthethoโolwazi, ukusebenza, imfundo, ukulondeka kokudlaโnezinye izithembiso ku-manifesto entsha yeNkongolo ngokuzayo. Ukhetho Olujwayelekile lwelungelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo kwamahhala kanye nezindlu zabantu abangenazindlu, phakathi kwezinye izinto.
Futhi kukhona imfucumfucu echaza okuningi kokuhlasela okunonya okwaqalwa ngowokuqala we-Congress's isivunoโizigaba ezisanda kuceba, eziculwa iziteshi zezindaba zase-India ze-Rightwing ezintsha nezingavinjelwe, ngokufanayo umkhiqizo we-neo- inkululeko yeminyaka eyishumi kaManmohan Singhโphezu kweCongress ngokwayo. Njengoba isatshalaliswa njengempi yokulwa โnenkohlakaloโ yeCongress, i-putsch ibhekwa njengengagculisi ezinhlelweni zenqubomgomo eziqondisa uxhaso ukuze kuthuthukiswe izimo zokuphila zeningi lamaNdiya asasele kakhulu ngaphandle kokufinyelela kanye nokukhathazeka komnotho wokushintshana. Njengoba cishe amaphesenti angamashumi ayisikhombisa nanhlanu e-GDP yaseNdiya manje esezandleni zangasese, i-Darwinism yezenhlalo yamakilasi asanda kunikezwa ayinamsebenzi omncane wombuso owenzele lokho obungakwenza kodwa ongazimisele ukuqhubeka nokwenza lokho ngokuzinikela okukodwa kokuyimfihlo. ukukhuliswa kwengcebo ekwehliseni u-Ayn Randish kulabo โabanecala ngokusobala ngosizi lwaboโ, njengoba behlekisa ngesimo sokuthunjwa kwenkampani ngenxa yezinkinga zabo.
Ngakho-ke ubuzwe obusha bufunwa ukuthi buchazwe njengokubandakanya ngokufanelekile nangokungajabhi izintshisekelo zalabo abakulungele ukufinyelela esibhakabhakeni sama-imperialism, ungakhathazeki ukuthi amanye amaNdiya angamashumi ayisikhombisa noma ngaphezulu nawo anikezwa amalungelo agcwele okuba yisakhamuzi yiwo kanye. Umthethosisekelo onika amandla idlanzana elidlayo. Impela, phakathi kwamakhaya amaNdiya asezingeni eliphezulu ungase uzwe kushiwo ngaphandle kwamahloni noma amahloni ukuthi amaNdiya aphumelelayo akweleta impumelelo yawo โngenxa yokufanelekaโ kwawo kanye nezigidi ezicatshangelwa ngokungafanele usizi lwawo ngenxa yawo. i-karma. Ithiyori yesiko ibambene ngegilavu โโenentshisekelo yekilasi, uma ike yaba khona. Ngakho-ke, izigidigidi zemali esulwa ezinkampanini zithathwa njengemfanelo efanele yalabo abazama ukubeka iNdiya phakathi kwemibuso emikhulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho ibizwa ngokuthi โizinto ezikhuthazayoโ, kuyilapho izingcezwana zemali zijikijelwa kwabasebenza kanzima futhi baphucwe izigidi. , empeleni abakhiqiza ingcebo eningi, babizwa ngokuthi izibonelelo ezisaphazayo eziqinisekiswa ukuthi zizocwilisa isizwe, futhi ungakukholelwa yini lokho, futhi kuwukusoleka ngokokuziphatha.
Kuyamangaza-ke ukuthi i-putsch yamanje icela umholi oyedwa omkhulu noqinile manje osengase agqashule emikhubeni yokuziphatha ekhubazayo yethiyori yesocialist, abophe isizwe ebunyeni bamasiko obufanayo, enqabe ukuhlushwa impikiswano ephikisanayo noma amaqiniso aphikisanayo, abeke uhulumeni kude. kusukela ekwenzeni imali yezinkampani kodwa uyale uphiko lukahulumeni lukahulumeni ukuthi lube khona ukuqeda ngesihluku esingenangqondo izimpawu zokuqala zokuphika, kungaba sezingeni lemibono noma emgwaqweni.
Umholi oyedwa, isiko elilodwa, umbono owodwa, konke okuqiniswe ngokuqondisa izikhungo zemfundo nezobuchwepheshe nengqalasizinda enhlosweni eyodwa engangabazekiโukuvuleleka okungenakuvinjwa ekwandiseni inzuzo kanye nokuvalwa okungenakuphikiswa engxoxweni, ukuphikisa, intando yeningi. Futhi asazi yini ukuthi munye kuphela umholi wamanje owenza zonke izimfuneko zenhlanganisela entsha.
Ukuhlangana nje ubungxiwankulu ekujuleni kwabo obelokhu bekugxilile kusukela ekusungulweni kwabo, yize noma bulokhu bufuna ukugibela izimfuno zabo ngobizo olungenangqondo lwentando yeningi emhlabeni wonke. Esinye sezizathu zokuthi kungani lowo ngqwele wentando yeningi yamazwe ngamazwe, iMelika, ehlala ejabule kakhulu ekusebenzelaneni neShayina noma i-Saudi Arabia, njengoba ifuna ukufaneleka ukugqugquzela intando yeningi ezingxenyeni ezinkulu zomhlaba ukufaka ama-satrap ayo amasha namasha afana ne-Narendra Modi. Bheka ukuthi imakethe yamasheya yaseNdiya ibilokhu ikhuphukela kanjani emkhathini njengoba amathuba okuthi uModi anyukele ekubeni ngundunankulu waseNdiya ebhebhezelwa iziteshi zabezindaba eziqinile nabavoti, nokuthi uthando lwaseMelika ngamalungelo abantu luqala kanjani ukuwa njengoba lulungiselela ukukhipha i-visa. amalungelo kumuntu ongase abe umngane wayo oziphendulela aqala ukubekelwa eceleni ukuze kuzuze lowo nkulunkulu ovamileโiNhlokodolobha.
Kodwa-ke, ukwehlukahlukana kwabantu baseNdiya, izintshisekelo, izidingo, kanye nokwakheka kwezepolitiki, kanye nekhwelo eliqhubekayo lokuthi umbuso ube sohlangothini lwabampofu kusalokhu kuyinselele enkulu kumuntu othanda abantu abaningi. Njengoba nje izandulela zayo zama-welfarist akha inkumbulo enamandla nethuluzi lokunqoba i-Rightwing putsch ukuze ifaneleke ngokuphelele ukuhaha nenkanuko yabenzi bemali. Futhi umholi onamandla angeke acabangele ngokweqile ukuthula kweningi elingewona ama-semitic, ngoba kuyaqabukela selokhu Inkululeko yaseNdiya ibe nomzamo omncane wokulwa nezempi noma u-raj wamaphoyisa aphumelele ukuletha lonke i-India emgqeni. Ngempela, ngabe i-Rightwing putsch yamanje iphumelele, into engeke ixazululwe, kude nokujezisa isizwe ekulaleleni okuthulile nokungacabangi, i-India ingase ibe nobufakazi obuhluke ngokuphelele kwalokho umholi onamandla angase akucabangeโizinxushunxushu zomphakathi kanye nezinxushunxushu ezisezingeni elingenakulawuleka namaNdiya aphikisana namaNdiya kanye nawo. inqwaba yezimbazo zomlando. Futhi ukuqhekeka kungase kube udlame futhi kube nezinqumo nakakhulu ukuthi i-Centrisms yezombangazwe, yezenhlalakahle, yamasiko kanye nezomnotho ifuna ukuphoqelelwa ngamandla.
Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi sokubhala, amandla ezinombolo okwakheka kobuningi adlula kude lawo ahlanganisa ingcindezelo. Kusazobonakala esikhathini esingangenyanga nesigamu kusukela manje ukuthi abalandeli abaningi bazihlanganisa kahle kangakanani noma cha ukuze bahlangane ndawonye ukuze balondoloze intando yeningi, nokuthi bafuna ngokunengqondo noma cha kangakanani ukufunda nokuqondisa izindlela zokukhiqiza nokusabalalisa. Umnotho waseNdiya ukude kubahlaseli labo ukuxhumana kwabo kungaba nomthelela kodwa abasengathola isitha esesabekayo kubantu abaqotho baseriphabhulikhi.
Umbhali, owafundisa izincwadi zesiNgisi eNyuvesi yaseDelhi iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amane futhi manje osethathe umhlalaphansi, ungumbhali nembongi evelele. Umhlaziyi owaziwayo kwezepolitiki, amasiko kanye nomphakathi, ubhale okunconywe kakhuluI-Dickens kanye ne-Dialectic of Growth. Incwadi yakhe yakamuva, I-Underside of ThingsโI-India kanye Nomhlaba: Ingxubevange Yesakhamuzi, 2006-2011, yaphuma ngo-August 2012.
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