Kusukela esiqhingini saseLa Reunion kuya ophawini lweNapoleonic oluyi-Arc de Triomphe, emadolobheni amakhulu namancane, kanye nasezindaweni zasemaphandleni ezivame ukuba ne-bucolic eFrance, kunokuthile okukhethekile emoyeni: iphunga lomlilo phezu kwezithiyo, intuthu. wesisi esikhalisa izinyembezi, intukuthelo eyakhelwe phezu kwamashumi eminyaka okungalingani, ukungabi nabulungisa nokuphelelwa ithemba kwabaningi. Phakathi kwamaGilets Jaunes, abaningi baqonda ngokunembile ukuthi okwamanje inqubo yentando yeningi isifile, ngakho-ke okuwukuphela kwenketho umsebenzi wemigwaqo nemigwaqo. Umlando uvamise ukuhamba ngesivinini somnenke, kodwa ngesinye isikhathi uchungechunge lwezehlakalo luphusha imiphakathi kungazelelwe, iye ekugxumeni kwequantum okuthakazelisayo nokuhle nokubi okuwuguquko. Amanye amasiko anakho ku-DNA yawo ehlangene ukwamukela, ngaphandle kokwesaba, izinguquko ezinxushunxushu zesiyaluyalu soguquko: IFrance akuyona nje eyodwa yazo, ngokungangabazeki bekungeyokuqala lapho izakhamizi zayo ze-sans-culottes zinquma ikhanda lenkosi yazo uLouis. XVI. Kwakungacabangeki ngaleso sikhathi; kungenzeka futhi?
Kusukela emibhikishweni yentela kaphethiloli kuya kokuthi “Macron Démission!”
Kusengakafiki isikhathi ukubiza umnyakazo we-Gilets Jaunes ngenguquko, kodwa umuntu angasho ngokusobala ukuthi le nhlangano emazingeni aphansi ebingalindelekile futhi ezenzakalelayo ibeke iFrance ethubeni lokungena ezigabeni zokuqala zomcimbi omkhulu kangaka. Ngenkathi i-Gilets Jaunes iqale njengombhikisho wezombangazwe ikakhulukazi owawugxile ezintela zegesi ezithathwa njengezingalungile, esikhathini esingamasonto amathathu, iguquke yaba inhlangano efuna izinguquko eziningi zesakhiwo kanye nokusula kukaMongameli waseFrance, u-Emmanuel Macron. Uhulumeni waseFrance uyahlaselwa futhi uthi iRiphabhulikhi isengozini ngenxa yesiphithiphithi sabashisekeli abangenangqondo ngaphakathi kweGilets Jaunes. Okufanekiselwa amavesti aphuzi e-Gilets Jaunes abasebenzi abakhola luhlaza, asebethathe umhlalaphansi abazabalaza nabafundi abavukela amasudi ekilasi lezombusazwe kanye nama-CEO. AbakwaGilets Jaunes bazizwa bekhashelwe isigaba sezombangazwe ngisho neRiphabhulikhi, futhi babheka uMacron njengomongameli wezicebi, esebenza njengenkosi futhi njengokungathi uhleba ngezikhonzi zakhe ethi “bayeke badle ikhekhe” likaMarie-Antoinette. . Intukuthelo ngokungalingani komphakathi okubhebhezela ama-Gilets Jaunes. Nakuba ubuqotho be-European Union kufanele buvikelwe ngenxa yezizathu zezwe - ngaphandle kwalokho izizwe zaseYurophu zizolahlekelwa amazwi azo emhlabeni - uma ukunyakaza kwamaGilets Jaunes kusabalala, mhlawumbe i-EU ingaba yi-European Union ngokugcwele futhi ngenxa yabantu, hhayi I-EU yamanje yesigaba esibusayo esingajwayelekile.
Imvukelo edumile emelene nonxiwankulu hhayi ukwanda kwe-populist neofascist
Inhlangano ye-Gilets Jaunes ivundlile ngokuqinile, ngaphandle kwesigaba noma abaholi abaziwayo. Kuze kube manje, yenqabile ukudunwa amaqembu ezepolitiki: kungaba iRassemblement Nationale yaseMarine Le Pen kwesokudla, noma iLa France Insoumise kaJean-Luc Melenchon kwesokunxele. Iphinde yakunqabela ukuzihlanganisa nezinyunyana zabasebenzi baseFrance. Ngaphandle kokukupela, inhlangano ye-Gilets Jaunes imelene nonxiwankulu: ukuvukela kwangaphakathi kwabangenakho ngokumelene ne-elite. Kuyinto edumile, hhayi abantu abaningi, ukunyakaza. Abantu baseYurophu ngisho nama-American populist-nationalists sebevele bahlanekezela ukubaluleka kweGilets Jaunes ukuze basebenzele i-ajenda yabo yezepolitiki. Ngokuphambene nokukhuphuka kwe-nationalism-populism kwenye indawo, njengase-Italy, e-Austria, eHungary, e-UK njengoba kuvezwe yi-BREXIT, i-US, ne-Brazil ngokhetho lwe-Bolsonaro, i-Gilets Jaunes ayinayo i-anti-immigration noma imbala. i-ajenda ephikisana ne-EU evuselela ukucwasa kanye i-neofascism.
“Les riches parlent de la fin du monde, on a peur des fins de mois”
AmaGilets Jaunes ayavukela i-capitalism noma i-neoliberalism, okuwuhlelo lomhlaba wonke lokuqoqa ingcebo namandla ezandleni ezimbalwa. Ngokulinda kwethu ukuwa kwemvelo kanye nokushabalala izinto eziphilayo, i-capitalism ihlulekile futhi ifinyelela ekupheleni kwayo. Ngokungafani nabaphikisi besayensi ye-neofascist, abakwaGilets Jaunes babona ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu njengenhlekelele, kodwa bathi kunzima ukugxila ekuwohlokeni kwezemvelo emhlabeni wonke lapho uphila kusukela ekukhokheni kuya ekukhokheni. Banomuzwa wokuthi babhekana nokukhathazeka ngokubeka ukudla etafuleni ekupheleni kwenyanga kuyilapho abacebile bekhuluma ngokuphela kwezwe. Ukucabanga ngokusinda kwesintu kunzima ukukwenza esiswini esingenalutho.
May 1968 noma 1789?
Abanye ababukeli bangaphandle, kanye namaGilets Jaunes ambalwa benze isifaniso phakathi kwalokhu kunyakaza kanye nezenzakalo Kwangathi 1968 eFrance, lapho umphumela oyinhloko kwaba ukwesula kukaGeneral Charles de Gaulle. Kuyangabazeka lokhu. Inhlangano yango-1968, emsuka wayo, yayiyinhlangano yabafundi ekhuthazwe ngokwengxenye imibono ye-neo-Marxist. E-France, nasemhlabeni wonke, ikakhulukazi e-US, bekukhona inkambiso ye-hippie engaqondakali yokuthula nothando edansela ingoma ye-Woodstock. Lokhu kwakufana nenguquko emincane yamasiko: ukungqubuzana kwezizukulwane, nentsha ivukela ukuqina kokuziphatha kwabazali bayo. Njengobaba oyinhloko, uGeneral de Gaulle wayehloswe kakhulu. Njengoba ama-baby boomers ekhula, ngasekupheleni kwawo-1960 yonke indawo ayekhuluma ngokukhululeka ngokobulili kunanoma yini enye. Ezikhathini zethu ezimnyama, nini ukushabalala kobuntu isibe yisihloko esisemthethweni sengxoxo, lesi sici se-hedonist sesihambile ngokuphelele. I-Gilets Jaunes imayelana nezindaba zesinkwa nebhotela, hhayi uthando lwamahhala. Lokhu akulona iqiniso le-Gilets Jaunes, njengoba inani labantu, ngokwesilinganiso, lidala kakhulu. Mayelana nalokhu, ama-Gilets Jaunes afana kakhulu nama-sans-culottes we-1789 French Revolution kunamadodana namadodakazi onxiwankulu bango-1968. U-Gilets Jaunes usemongweni wawo ukuvukela kwe-blue-collar ngokumelene nentela engalungile kanye nokungabi nabulungisa okusobala emphakathini. , ukuvukelwa kokuphela okuwukuthi global capitalism.
"Ama-casseur" angamavukela-mbuso: ingcindezelo noma ukuyekethisa?
Imithombo yezindaba yaseFrance, yonke esohlangothini lokusungulwa, iveze amanye ama-Gilets Jaunes “njengama-casseur” anesibopho salokho akuchaza njengempi yabashokobezi basemadolobheni. Ngokwenza kanjalo, bazama ukuqeda imibhikisho yokuqukethwe kwabo kwezenhlalo nezepolitiki. AbakwaCasseur bagqekeza izinto futhi bahlasele amaphoyisa odweshu ngaphandle kwesizathu, kuyilapho ingxenye yamavukela-mbuso e-Gilets Jaunes iqondise izimpawu zobunxiwankulu, njengezitolo zikanokusho namabhange, futhi iziphindiselela kwabangaboni. udlame lombuso enziwe samuntu ngamaphoyisa odlame e-CRS. Ukuyekethisa kukaMacron ekuqedeni ukunyuswa kwentela yegesi kubhekwa njengokuncane kakhulu sekwephuze kakhulu. Izimfuno ze-Gilets Jaunes zikhule zafaka izinguquko zesistimu yezezimali nezenhlalo, ezifana: ukufaka kabusha i-Impot sur la Fortune (ISF) ekhokhisa abacebile; kanye nokukhulisa kokubili umholo omncane kanye nemali encane yomhlalaphansi ibe ama-Euro angu-1,300 ngenyanga. UMacron angakwazi ukuyekethisa kulawa maphuzu nakwamanye, asuse undunankulu wakhe, futhi mhlawumbe ahlakaze iSishayamthetho Sikazwelonke futhi abize ukhetho olusha. Noma angaqinisa ukucindezelwa kwamaphoyisa ngokumemezela isimo esiphuthumayo futhi, okubi nakakhulu, abize Amasosha aseFrance ukuthi agcine ukuhleleka njengoba ezinye izikhulu zamaphoyisa zisikisela, lapho isimo sokuphuthumayo kungaba umthetho wezempi ongekho emthethweni. Ukudlala ibhola elinzima neGilets Jaunes kungaba yiphutha elibi kuhulumeni waseFrance. Emuva ngo-1789, iNkosi uLouis XVI yaba nethuba lokulahla amandla ayo aphelele futhi yaba inkosi yomthethosisekelo: wenqaba, futhi leli phutha lamlahlekisela ikhanda.
Izinguquko zidinga uguquko
Izinguquko azilokothi zenzeke endaweni engenalutho yezenhlalo neyomlando. Lokhu kushiwo, inhlansi engakhanyisa i-fuse yomcimbi onjalo we-atypical ngokuvamile ayilindelekile. Inani labantu lingathatha kuphela ukungalingani, ukungabi nabulungisa kanye nengcindezelo. Ngaphansi kwengcindezi engenabuntu nengabekezeleleki, amabhomu esikhathi somphakathi ayaqhuma. Revolutions, ephumelele noma cha, iveza intukuthelo eyiqoqo ngokumelene nesimiso somphakathi esihlulekile ingxenye enkulu yabantu. Kuwukuphuka lapho izinkulumo nokuyekethisa kuba yize, indawo yokuphumula lapho udlame nokucekela phansi kubonakala kuwukuphela kwezinketho. Lesi sibalo esibucayi safinyelelwa kuma-sans-culottes aseFrance ahlukunyezwa futhi axhashazwa ngo-1789, Izigqila zaseHaiti ngo-1791, ama-serfs aseRussia ngo-1917, nezisebenzi nabalimi baseShayina ngo-1949. Njengokubonakaliswa kwentukuthelo yeningi labantu abangalahlekelwa lutho, bevinjwe isigaba esibusayo esikhohlisayo, ukuqhuma kwezinguquko kunamandla futhi ngokuvamile akuvimbeki. Isikhathi sizosho ukuthi ngabe ukunyakaza kwama-Gilets Jaunes kunemilenze eyanele futhi iluma ukuze kubangele umcimbi woguquko ongenakwenzeka.
Amanothi Omhleli: Gilbert Mercier umsunguli we UMbuso Wase-Orwellian.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
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Imibhikisho yomphakathi ivamise ukushaywa indiva abezindaba abajwayelekile. Lapho bengenakunakwa, njengalokhu, ukusakazwa kwabo akukaze kube nozwelo kubabhikishi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bangaki abantu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imbangela iyini, okuvezwayo kukahulumeni olungile ngempela osebenzisa noma yiziphi izindlela ukuze aqede isixuku esixokozelayo nesidala izinkinga.