Umthombo: Upelepele Obomvu
Ukuguquguquka nokushintshashintsha kwezepolitiki yakamuva yaseChile kwethuse okunye ukushaqeka njengoba ikhandidethi elingakwesokudla u-Jose Antonio Kast enconywa ngabathile njengabangase baphumelele okhethweni lwaleli sonto (21 Novemba 2021). Ibizwa ngokuthi Bolsonaro waseChile, Kast has kufinyelelwe Ikhandidethi eliphakathi nendawo elingakwesokudla u-Sebastian Sichel futhi okhethweni lwakhe ngokuqinisekile luzofaka engcupheni imodeli evelayo yezenhlalo-mnotho okuxoxiswana ngayo njengamanje ngemva kweminyaka yokubhikisha nokushuba kwesimo eChile.
U-Kast ngokwakhe unesizinda esiphakamisa amehlo. Ubaba wakhe waye waphunyula amaNazi owafika eChile ngeminyaka yawo-1950 ngaphansi kokuzenzisa. U-Cristian Kast, umfowethu omdala, wakha ingxenye yeqembu le-Chicago Boys, elidume ngokuklama kwezinqubomgomo ze-neoliberal ngesikhathi sobushiqela be-Pinochet ngenkathi u-Jose Antonio engumsekeli ozwakalayo womkhankaso othi 'Yebo' wokugcina umashiqela esemandleni ngesikhathi se-1988 plebiscite.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi lomkhakha wezepolitiki uhlala UGabriel Boric, owagqama njengomholi wabafundi esikoleni Izquierda Autonoma kanye namalungu eQembu LamaKhomanisi Camila Vallejo futhi UKarol Kariola ngesikhathi imibhikisho yezemfundo ka-2011-13. U-Boric ubone ukuncintisana kukaDaniel Jadue ukuze abe imbangi enamandla kwesokunxele kanye nethemba elihle laseChile lokufeza izidingo ezishiwo estalido social kwe-2019-20.
Ifa likaPinochet
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi umlweli wokholo we-Pinochet omelene nenqubekela phambili yezenhlalo kanye nezinguquko kwezomnotho ukwazile kanjani ukuthola ukuvelela okunjalo, kuyadingeka ukuqonda ukuguquguquka okuphukile kweChile kuntando yeningi.
The i-plebiscite ka-1988 lapho uJenene uPinochet ehlulwa khona ngokulambisa ngevoti elithi ‘Cha’ kwaba nje isiqalo soguquko olwaluhlelwe kakhulu kude nokubusa kwezempi. Umbuso wawulawula izici eziningi zalokhu okubizwa ngokuthi inguquko futhi uPinochet waqhubeka eyinhloko yebutho kwaze kwaba ngu-1998 futhi wathatha isikhundla sokuphila konke eSigele. Phakathi ku isivumelwano sokuthula, amasosha anikezwa inkululeko ngeqhaza lawo lokubulala elisekela ubushiqela futhi izikhungo ezibalulekile zephalamende zazinabasebenzi bangaphambili bezempi. Umongameli ophumayo uSebastian Pinera ukuvikelwa kwakamuva ekubekweni icala (ngochungechunge lwamacala enkohlakalo) ingenye yefa lendlela inethiwekhi yomfana omdala e-Chile esebenza ngayo.
Ngesikhathi siguqukela entandweni yeningi ngasekuqaleni kwawo-1990, uhulumeni owakhethwa ngokwentando yeningi ka ikhonsathi Amaqembu ekugcineni yehlulekile ukubhekana nokuhlukumeza amalungelo abantu kanye nokungalingani okujulile kwezomnotho okwaqhubeka ngesikhathi sombuso. Esikhundleni salokho, bagxilise amandla abo ‘ekubuyisaneni’ kanye ‘nokuvalwa’ okwagxilisa ukungathembani okujulile kweqembu lezombusazwe elibonakala lisahambisana nobushiqela. Lokhu kwehluleka ukususa abangane bakaPinochet empilweni yomphakathi kuye kwavumela ilungelo eliqinile lokubusa inkulumo yomphakathi, ukuvimba iziphakamiso esigungwini sezigele futhi kunikeze indawo evundile yokuzalanisa imibono ekude ukuze iphumelele.
Usongo lwelungelo elisha
Ukuwina kwe-Kast kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu emaqenjini asengozini futhi acwaswayo e-Chile. Okwakhe iziphakamiso yenza ukufunda okucindezelayo. Uvumelana nokwenyuswa kweminyaka yobudala yokuthatha umhlalaphansi iye ku-85, kuqedwe inkonzo yabesifazane (ezothathelwa indawo inkonzo yomndeni) kukhushulwe impesheni yamasosha (eseyiphakeme ngokuphindwe kane kunesilinganiso), ukuze kuxolelwe abahlukumezi abavela kuhulumeni wePinochet, ngokumelene ne umthethosisekelo omusha, ngokumelene namalungelo okukhipha isisu kanye nokulingana kobulili, kanye nokuvuna ukuqinisa izinhlawulo ezimelene nabaphikisi bezombusazwe.
Angene futhi umusa yesimo esiphuthumayo samanje esifundeni sase-Chile eseNingizimu ye-Araucania, lapho uMongameli uPinera, ngaphansi kwengcindezi evela kumfelandawonye wabamele imboni, athumele inkulungwane yamasosha ahlome kakhulu ukubhekana ne 'Ukungqubuzana kweMapuche'. Le ndawo iyingxenye yezindawo zokhokho bamaMapuche, okuyiqembu lendabuko elikhulu kunawo wonke eChile, futhi ingenye yezindawo ezimelene nokuqhubeka nokuxhashazwa kanye ne-extractivism eLatin America.
Izinhlangano ezilwela amalungelo abantu ngokuqondakalayo zishaqekile ngethemba lokuthi uKast uzowina ukhetho. Inkulumo yakhe ithi njalo futhi abamelene ngokusobala nezitabane, abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe, nabamelene namakhomanisi. Ale Fernandez kusukela I-Chile Solidarity Network utshele Upelepele obomvu: ‘Ukhetho lwamanje lumele isekisi evamile yeqembu nezombusazwe, abaningi baphoqeleka ukuthi bavotele ikhandidethi onobandlululo oluncane ukuze kugwenywe okunye ukuhlukumeza amalungelo abantu. Inguqulo ka-Boric elula ye-neoliberalism iwushintsho oluncane nje, kanti ubungozi bokunqoba kwe-Kast buzosibuyisela emuva enkathini yepolitiki yophiko lwesokudla ngokwedlulele.'
Izinhlangano ezilwela amalungelo abantu ngokuqondakalayo zishaqekile ngethemba lokuthi uKast uzowina ukhetho. Inkulumo yakhe ithi njalo futhi abamelene ngokusobala nezitabane, abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe, nabamelene namakhomanisi.
UGabriel Boric kusuka I-Apruebo Dignidad uthi uzibophezele ezidingweni zomphakathi ebeziphushela izinhlangano ezisuka emazingeni aphansi kusukela ngo-2019. iziphakamiso zihlanganisa: uhlelo lwezempilo lomhlaba wonke olungabandlululi ngokwamandla okukhokha, ukuqedwa kwesistimu yempesheni yamanje, eyimpikiswano, imfundo engacwasi ngobulili nebandakanyayo, ukufinyelela okulinganayo emsebenzini, kanye nezabelo zokuqashwa kwabantu abashintsha ubulili.
Ngezindlela eziningi, umehluko omangalisayo emibonweni yezombangazwe yekusasa laseChile ukhombisa ukuqhekeka nokuhlukaniswa kwesikhathi esedlule. Uma abantu baseChile befuna ngempela ukusondela ku-ajenda ebandakanya umphakathi, izinhlangano ezisuka emazingeni aphansi kuzodingeka zibhekane nokungathembani okujulile kosopolitiki, futhi zigxilise amandla abo ekubambeni iqhaza kwephalamende, umsebenzi omkhulu ezweni elihlaselwe abavoti. ukunganakwa.
Naphezu kwethemba elaba khona ngesikhathi sokuvukela umbuso ngo-2019, kanye nokwakhiwa kwenhlangano entsha yomthethosisekelo eyayijutshwe ukubhala umthethosisekelo omusha, iChile izithola isisempambanweni yemigwaqo eyingozi kakhulu. Vota ngobuhlakani noma ubekezelele ukubuya kwe-fascism engalawuleki ezodonsela i-Chile emuva ezinsukwini zayo ezimnyama kakhulu.
UCarole Concha Bell ungumfundi we-PhD eKing's College, eLondon kanye nombhali ozimele.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela