ABAPHATHI Bemikhumbi basebenzisa kabi ukungenelela kukaGeorge W. Bush embangweni wenkontileka yabasebenzi bemikhumbi yaseWest Coast ukuze bageze amandla enyunyana.
Ngobuchwepheshe, uMthetho we-Taft-Hartley ocelwe nguBush unike amandla ijaji lombuso ukuthi liyalele abaqashi ku-Pacific Maritime Association (PMA) ukuthi baqede ukuvala kwabo abasebenzi basedokodweni abangu-10,500. Kodwa ukungenelela kukaBush kwakuqondiswe ngokuphelele ku-International Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU)โfuthi kusabisa ukuphindwa kwesiteleka se-PATCO sango-1981, lapho owayenguMongameli ngaleso sikhathi u-Ronald Reagan axosha abalawuli be-air-traffic abayizi-11,000 ababetelekile.
As Usonhlalonhle waya koshicilela, abaholi be-AFL-CIO babehlangana eWashington ukuze bahlele impendulo yezabasebenzi phakathi nenkathi โyokupholisaโ yezinsuku ezingama-80 ebekwe ngaphansi kukaTaft-Hartley. Khonamanjalo, abaqashi abachithanga sikhathi besebenzisa isikhali esiqhuma inyunyana uBush asibeke ezandleni zabo.
"Silindele ngokugcwele ukuthi i-PMA izosebenzisa zonke izinhlinzeko eziphikisana nenyunyana ze-Taft-Hartley injunction," kusho uMongameli we-ILWU uJames Spinosa esitatimendeni. โLezi zinsuku ezingu-80 ngeke kube รขโฌหinkathi yokuphola.รขโฌโข I-PMA izoqala ukusola รขโฌหukwehla kwejubaneรขโฌโข ngoLwesine [Okthoba 10] futhi izoqhubeka nalokho. UTaft-Hartley ubanikeza izinsuku ezingu-80 zokudutshulwa mahhala kule nyunyana, futhi silindele ukuthi abaqashi bazobe besidonsela enkantolo nsuku zonke, bezama ukuqeda inyunyana futhi bavalele abaholi bethu ejele.โ
Yilokho kanye umuntu ophambili weCorporate America, uGeorge W. Bush, ayehlosile. Emahoreni ambalwa nje ngaphambi kokuthi uBush anxuse uTaft-Hartley, i-White House yamema abameli abavela ezinkampanini ezingu-50 kanye namaqembu anentshisekelo-kodwa hhayi abaholi bezabasebenzi-esithangamini se-White House, Washington Post kubika. Ezinsukwini ezintathu ngaphambili, izikhulu eziphezulu zeNational Association of Manufacturers zahlangana noBush ukuze zifune ukuthi acele uTaft-Hartley.
Khonamanjalo, i-West Coast Waterfront Coalitionโumfelandawonye wabathengisi abakhulu abafana ne-Gap, i-Wal-Mart kanye ne-Targetโisize ukuhlela inqwaba yezindaba ezimelene nenyunyana kwabezindaba. Ngisho noSen. Dianne Feinstein (D-Calif.) okwakuthiwa usekela abasebenzi, ucele uBush ukuthi angenelele.
Enkulumweni yakhe yomsakazo yango-Okthoba 12, uBush wathi wenze lokhu ngoba "inkinga emachwebeni ethu aseNtshonalanga ilimaza umnotho" nokuthi "ukumiswa komsebenzi kusongela nokuvikela izwe lethu." Eqinisweni, abaphathi bake bangenelela ezinyangeni ezedlule, lapho isikhulu Sezokuphepha Kwasekhaya u-Tom Ridge ebiza abaholi be-ILWU besabisa ngokuthi uBush uzongenela ukuvimbela isiteleka ngezizathu โzokuvikela kuzwelonkeโ.
Uhulumeni uphinde waputshuza imibiko yokuthi izisebenzi zase-US Navy zasogwini olude beziqeqeshelwa ukugqekeza eSan Diego. Lezi zinyathelo ezinzima zikhombisa ukuthi abaqashi bazimisele ukwenza okungaphezu nje kokwethula ubuchwepheshe obusha. Lesi sidingo senkontileka siyisivikelo semizamo yokukhipha umsebenzi wasogwini olude ukuze kuphulwe amandla e-ILWUโamalungu ayo aphatha impahla emangazayo yezigidigidi ezingama-$300 unyaka ngamunye.
Kuwo wonke umsindo wezindaba omayelana namalungu e-ILWU โakhokhelwe ngokweqileโ, iningi lihola cishe u-$80,000 ngonyakaโmayelana nalokho okwenziwa isisebenzi esisebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ngesikhathi esengeziwe, kanye nencithakalo uma kuqhathaniswa nesamba esikhulu semali esitholwa ama-CEO ase-US.
I-PMA yenze konke ebingakwenza ukuze ivuse i-ILWUโkusuka ezingxoxweni zokwakhiwa kwamatshe kuya ekubekeni isivinini esibeka impilo engcupheni. Kodwa ngemva kokushona kwamalungu amahlanu e-ILWU kakade ngo-2002โuma kuqhathaniswa noyedwa noma amabili onyakeni ojwayelekileโabasebenzi badweba umugqa.
Umdonsiswano e-Oakland, eCalif., ufika ngenyanga edlule ngenxa yomyalelo wabaphathi wokuthi abasebenzi basemadokodweni basebenze ngaphansi kwezimo ezingaphephile kuholele ekuxoshweni kwabantu abaningi. Njengoba intukuthelo iyanda erenki, izikhulu ze-ILWU zayala amalungu ukuba โasebenze ngokuphepha.โ I-PMA iphendule ngokuvalela ngaphandle ngoSepthemba 29โfuthi uBush walandela ngokunenzuzo umbhalo wabaqashi ngokucela uTaft-Hartley.
Umongameli we-PMA u-Joe Miniace uqhamuke Wall Street Journal ukuthi abaqashi bazosebenzisa imininingwane enemininingwane mayelana nokukhiqiza kwetheminali ngayinye yechweba kanye neshifu ukuze baqaphe ukusebenza kwabasebenzi. โNgisho nokwehla kancane kancane kungatholwa,โ eshoโfuthi abe izaba zesinyathelo somthetho.
Eqinisweni, ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuba abasebenzi bebuyele emisebenzini yabo, i-PMA ibivele isola i-ILWU ngokuncipha komnotho, ithi umkhiqizo ungaphansi kwamaphesenti angama-20 kuya ku-25. Nokho kwaba ukusilela emuva okudalwe ukuvala ngaphandle kwabaqashi okuholele ekwehleni kwezikhumulo zemikhumbiโ inkinga ehlanganiswe ukwenqaba kwe-PMA ukuqasha abasebenzi abenele ukuhlangabezana nesidingo esengeziwe noma ukuqeqesha abasebenzi abengeziwe ukuthi babe abaqhubi be-crane.
Isibonelo, inqwaba yamalungu e-ILWU abonakale ngomhlaka-12 Okthoba ehholo lokuqasha le-Local 13 ethekwini elikhulu lase-Los Angeles axoshwa. ngayizolo abaphathi balesi sikhumulo badinwe bagane unwabu ngesikhathi isikhulu se-ILWU siyala ukuthi kumiswe ukukhiqiza imizuzu engu-30 ngemuva kokuthi iloli lishayise inqola kwathi isikhulu senyunyana sacishe sashayiswa elinye iloli.
Futhi ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa ichweba eliseduze laseLong Beach livulwe kabusha ngo-Okthoba 9, isisebenzi salaliswa esibhedlela ngemuva kokushaqeka ngama-volts angu-480 ngesikhathi sikhipha isitsha esiqandisiwe, San Francisco Chronicle kubikiwe.
Lezi izimo ezidabukisayo abasebenzi basogwini olude ababhekana nazo. Kodwa uma behluleka ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zokukhiqiza ezibekwe ngokungafanele ngabaphathi bemikhumbi, i-PMA izogijimela kuJaji Lenkantolo Yesifunda Yase-US uWilliam Alsup ukuze athathele izinyathelo abasebenzi.
Iminyaka eminingi, i-PMA iqoqe idatha mayelana nokukhiqiza kwabasebenzi ngokushintshashintsha, kwetheminali ngayinye. Manje, lokhu kuzosetshenziswa โnjengobufakaziโ enkantolo ye-Alsup ukuze kuzanywe ukuqolwaโnoma ukuphulaโi-ILWU. Asikwazi ukubavumela bahlukane nakho.
Lokhu kuhlaselwa kwe-ILWU kuwukuhlasela kwayo yonke inhlangano yabasebenziโkanye namalungelo abantu abasebenzayo, noma ngabe bangamalungu enyunyana noma cha. Yisikhathi sokutshela uBush kanye neCorporate America ukuthi abasebenzi ngeke bavumele ukusatshiswa nezinsongoโnokuthi sizohlangana ukuze sivikele izinyunyana zethu.
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Nikela