Sibucayi kangakanani isimo e-Iraq? Kuya ngokuthi ubuza bani futhi nini. Umqondo ophusile usitshela ukuthi isimo lapho besilokhu sibucayi. Eqinisweni, umuntu angalokotha athi izwe lihlaselwe yizinxushunxushu zezepolitiki nezenhlalo kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-1990, lapho i-US ihola โumfelandawonye wabazimiseleโ ukukhulula i-Kuwait.
Ngeshwa, njengoba inhloso yaseMelika bekungeyona inkululeko ye-Kuwait ngenxa yayo, isiqephu sodlame asigcinanga lapho ngaleso sikhathi. Impi yasungula isimo esihluke ngokuphelele esifundeni lapho ukuba khona kwamasosha aseMelika unomphela kanye nokwakhiwa okwalandela kwasongela impi yesibili, kanye nempi enkulu kakhulu.
Nokho, ngokungafani nokulandisa okuvelele, impi ka-1990-91 ayizange ilethe ukuthula noma ukuthula endaweni; kunalokho, kwasusa umbango wangaphakathi e-Iraq, kwabeka sonke isifunda embhobhweni wesibhamu. Eminyakeni eyishumi eyalandela, unswinyo lwezomnotho oluholwa yi-UN oluholwa yi-United States lwadala umonakalo omkhulu emphakathini wase-Iraq, njengoba amakhulu ezinkulungwane abhubha ngenxa yokuntuleka kwemithi nokudla. Uhulumeni wase-US ubala ukuthi i-Iraq ekhathele ngeke ikwazi ukumelana nempi yesikhathi esizayo, nokuthi ama-Iraqi ahlukunyeziwe angakwamukela ukuketulwa kukamashiqela wase-Iraq.
Okuningi kwalokho kwafezeka ngoMashi 2003. Nakuba isithombe sikamabonakude esidilizwa eduze kwehhotela lasePalestine sasiyinkulumo-ze yezempi eshibhile. Eqinisweni, ama-Iraqi amaningi ayenelisiwe ngempela ukubona ukuphela kwenkathi yeSaddam, kuyilapho abanye babezizwa bengakhululekile ngokususa umashiqela wase-Iraq bafake owaseMelika; ngokwezwi nezwi.
Kodwa yayingekho i-honeymoon okwakungakhulunywa ngayo, ngisho nangalezo zigaba zokuqala zomsebenzi. Iqiniso lokuthi izindawo zamaShia ekuqaleni zamukela abantu baseMelika futhi ikakhulukazi izikhungo zamaSunni zalwa nabo, lisitshela kabanzi mayelana nokuhlukana komphakathi wase-Iraqi kunomcimbi othile owaba yinguquko emzabalazweni wokulwa nokuhlaliswa kwabantu. Inkolo yamahlelo e-Iraq ijule ngempela, kodwa yacasulwa nakakhulu inqubomgomo yase-US eyayifuna ukusebenzelana namaShias namaKurds ukuze kuzuzwe lokho eyayikubiza ngokuthi รขโฌหI-Debaathification of Iraqรขโฌโข, efana รขโฌหUkuqothulwa kwe-Iraq. E-Europeรขโฌโข emashumini eminyaka ngaphambili. Le nqubomgomo yasungulwa embonweni oyiphutha wokuthi iqembu le-Baath laliyi-รขโฌหanti-Shia namaKurdรขโฌโข, iklabhu yamaSunni kuphela. Le nqubo yayihlanganisa ukuhlakazwa kwebutho lase-Iraqi - uphawu lokuzinza nokuhleleka e-Iraq - futhi esikhundleni salo kwafakwa amasosha amaningi amaKurdish enyakatho kanye namasosha aseShia yonke indawo; womabili la maqembu ayenezinhloso zokuziphindiselela nokubulala.
Njengenjwayelo, isimo sasibucayi ngaleso sikhathi, njengoba sisaqhubeka nokuba njalo, kodwa i-Iraq, nokho, yayilahlekelwa isikhalazo sayo njengendaba eyinhloko yezindaba, ngoba labo ababebulawa babemane nje bengamalungu esixuku esasizonda kakhulu umsebenzi, ngisho. uma izakhamuzi. Kwaze kwaba yilapho amaphekula e-Al Qaeda ethatha igxalaba emiphakathini yamaSunniโumuzwa wokukhashelwa, ukuba sengozini, ukusebenzelana kwamademoni okungapheli futhi ekugcineni ikhishwe ngokuphelele ku-equation yezombusazwe, lapho indaba yase-Iraq yaphinde yathola umuzwa wayo wokuphuthuma. Kulula kakhulu ukudayisela umphakathi waseMelika impi emelene ne-Al Qaeda kuneyokulwa ne-Iraqi Sunni eyaxoshwa, ngenxa yezizathu ezisobala.
Abaphathi bakaBush, osomaqhinga abathembekile kanye nabaphathi be-PR benze konke okusemandleni abo ukufeza umbono kamongameli we-Iraq entsha ezosebenza njengesithombe sentando yeningi eMpumalanga Ephakathi entsha, futhi basebenze ngokuzikhandla ukuthengisa โ หimpumeleloรขโฌโข yokuphatha emphakathini ongahlabeki umxhwele, owabona kancane kancane ukuthi impi yase-Iraq kwakuyiphutha elikhulu.
Ngikhumbula izinsuku lapho ngibikezela izimo ezifanayo nalezi ezenzeka namuhla, kodwa ngamenyezwa ngabasakazi bomsakazo ophiko lwesokudla, ngenxa yokuntula kwami โโukushisekela izwe. Manje umongameli ngokwakhe, ephelezelwa ojenene bebutho abaholayo kanye nezigele, usho kancane lokho ababhali nongqondongqondo abathuthukayo asebekuphikisa iminyaka eminingi: UBush ekugcineni ubona ukufana okuthile phakathi kwe-Iraq neVietnam, futhi izikhulu eziphezulu zaseMelika zikhuluma ngokungagwegwesi nge-Iraq. รขโฌหรขโฌโขinkingaรขโฌโข futhi รขโฌหinzima kakhuluรขโฌโข lapho. (Isiphepho esifanayo saqubuka eBrithani lapho uJenene Sir Richard Dannatt, induna yezisebenzi ezivamile, ekhuluma nephephandaba ukuthi ukuba khona kwamasosha akwamanye amazwe kungase โkubhebhethekiseโ isimo e-Iraq.)
Kodwa kungani kuthathe abaphathi bakaBush sonke lesi sikhathi ukuthi bafinyelele esiphethweni esilula kangaka, esatholwa cishe izingxenye ezintathu kwezine zabantu base-US ngaphambi kokuthi kuthathwe abaphathi uqobo? Ngabe izimpilo zama-Iraqi ezingama-650,000 kanye nezicishe zibe ngu-2,800 XNUMX zaseMelika kudingeke ukuthi zimoshwe ukuze umongameli abize uGeneral John Abizaid, umkhuzi waseMelika jikelele eMiddle East, kanye noGeneral George Casey, ophethe amasosha aseMelika e-Iraq, ukuze baxoxe ngaleli zweโฆ โขs ezinye izinketho ngaphandle kwe-quagmire?
Iqembu le-Iraqi Study Group, eliqokwe yiKhongolose yase-US futhi liholwa ngokuhlanganyela nowayenguNobhala Wezwe u-James Baker ukuze lihlole ezinye izixazululo kule phupho elibi lase-Iraq elikhulayo, ngeke lidalule lokho elikutholile kanye nezincomo kuze kube uJanuwari ozayo. Ukuputshuza okwenziwe kwabezindaba kubikezela ukuthi lo mbiko omubi ungenza izincomo ezingajwayelekile, okuhlanganisa ukuhoxa kancane kancane, ukuxoxisana ne-Iran neSyria, phakathi kwezinye izinketho. Kodwa noma kunoshintsho olukhulu kangaka endleleni, u-Baker uyaxwayisa รขโฌลayikho inhlamvu yomlingo ngesimo sase-Iraq. Kunzima kakhulu.รข
Khonamanjalo uMongameli Bush usaqhubeka nokujabulisa abalandeli bakhe abashisekayo ngezinkulumo ezikhathele zezimpi okufanele zinqotshwe, intando yeningi okufanele izuzwe futhi usafaka ngenkuthalo amazwi akhe angaphambi kwenkulumo รขโฌหcut and runรขโฌโข, azi ngokujulile ukuthi iphupho lakhe lokuhlanzeka. Ukunqoba kwe-Iraq kade kwaphela.
Ngesikhathi kubhalwa lesi sihloko, amaphekula e-Al Sadr abukeka elawula imigwaqo yase-Amara, eningizimu ye-Baghdad, elungele "ukukhulula" amanye amadolobha, kuyilapho amabutho aseBrithani elungiselela ukubuyela kabuhlungu edolobheni alinqobe ngokunqoba. idluliselwe emaphoyiseni ase-Iraq. Abambisene neMelika, amasosha kanye namaqembu abo okufa, baya ngokuya bezimisele ukulwa รขโฌหabahlaliรขโฌโข; sengathi iphupho elibi lase-Iraq lingase lisabise nakakhulu.
Kodwa angikaqiniseki ukuthi kungani isimo sibucayi manje, ngokungafani noMashi odlule, isibonelo. Ingabe kuwushintsho lokugcina lwesu ngaphambi kokhetho lwase-US lwamaphakathi nonyaka? AmaRiphabhulikhi alandela ngemuva okhethweni futhi into enqumayo kulokho yisu labo lase-Iraq elingasebenzi kahle; mhlawumbe umongameli ohlakaniphile obonga kakhulu ngesimo esibucayi futhi owenza konke okusemandleni akhe ukubhekana nayo kuyisithombe esihle kakhulu abeluleki bakaBush abangase basiqambe ngesaziso esifushane kangako. Kunoma yini ngaphandle kweminye imibono ka-Karl Rove, kodwa kuwufanele umzamo. Ngomhla ziyisi-7 kuNovemba, nokho, umvoti waseMelika kuphela onamandla okunquma: ukuthi uzoklomelisa ukwehluleka noma ukucinga ngomusa indlela yokuphuma.
Incwadi yakamuva ka-Ramzy Baroud: I-Second Palestinian Intifada: A Chronicle of a People's Struggle (Pluto Press, London) iyatholakala ku-Amazon.com.
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Nikela