Ukukhethwa kukaJeremy Corbyn njengomholi Wezabasebenzi kumelela ukwenqaba okukhulu isiko lepolitiki njengenjwayelo. Nakuba ukukholelwa okuqinile kukaCorbyn, ukuhlaziya okucacile kanye nezinye izindlela ezingokoqobo kwamenza wathandwa njengoba umkhankaso uqhubeka, indlela yakhe yobuholi ngokuqinisekile ayiphathelene nenkolo yobuntu. Lokhu akufani nokuphuma kwesokunxele okuningi kwakamuva, okube nokuncika okungenampilo kumuntu ongaphezulu. Cabanga ngo-Arthur Scargill kanye ne-Socialist Labour Party, uGeorge Galloway and Respect, noma u-Tommy Sheridan kanye ne-Scottish Socialist Party kanye ne-Solidarity. Amanethiwekhi asafufusa - kokubili ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwe-intanethi - abantu abasha, abakhankasi basemazingeni aphansi kanye nezishoshovu zezikhundla ezihlangene ohlangothini lukaCorbyn benze lokho ngaphezu kwakho konke ngoba babona ukuthi kungenzeka enye indlela 'yokwenza ipolitiki'.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke, impumelelo emangalisayo ka-Corbyn iwumphumela wokwenqatshwa kwesimo sengqondo 'esazi kangcono kakhulu' sabaphathi bamaqembu nabahlaziyi, ababone imibono yabo eyisisekelo yokusebenza mayelana nokuthi ipolitiki yesimanje isebenza kanjani buthaka. Abagebengu beqembu kanye nabahlaziyi bashiywe becasukile ukuthi 'ukuhlakanipha kwabo abakuthola' kuqhume ebusweni babo. Indawo yabantu abancane, amalungu eqembu kanye nabalandeli, kuhloswe ngayo ukuthi kube ngeyama-drones angacabangi, aneliswe ukuphuma ayovota kaninginingi futhi aqhubeke nokuphonsa amapheshana eminyango ngenkathi izinkolelo zabo zilahlwa ukuze kubonakale i-Middle England. Abazi yini ukuthi uCorbyn uwukujikijela emuva kwepolitiki yesikhathi esidlule? Ingabe abakwazi ukuqonda ukuthi i-socialism ifile, ukuthi ukhetho lunqotshwa 'phakathi nendawo', ngamaqembu akhuluma ngezifiso zabantu abacebile besigaba esiphakathi, ahlakulele ukuxhumana namabhizinisi futhi alandele noma yini amaqembu agxile kuyo?
Abantu abanjalo abakwazi ukubona lo mphumela njenganoma yini enye ngaphandle kokuhlanganiswa kokusangana okuhlangene. Lapho ukulandelana kwabakhulu nabahle - uBlair, Brown, Mandelson, Kinnock, Alistairs Campbell noDarling, David Blunkett - becindezelwa ukuthi basebenze ukuze baxwayise ngezingozi zokucasha kwesokunxele, kulapho kwaqinisa khona umqondo wokuthi izinsizwa zayizolo bezithwele kanzima zizama ukuqhubeka nepolitiki yayizolo. Ngeke bacabange nakancane into engacabangeki - ukuthi ukunqoba kukaCorbyn kukhuluma nepolitiki yanamuhla nakusasa, kuyilapho bengamadayinaso asezobhekana nokushabalala.
Ngokuphambene, yisona simo sikaCorbyn njengomuntu wangaphandle manje esikhangayo. Ukushoda 'kwe-polish' yokwenziwa kuyimpumuzo eyamukelekayo emibhalweni ecacile, ukuvinjelwa kanye nokugwema i-New Labour-speak.
Ingxubevange exakile yokuphaphatheka okungalawulekiyo kanye nokubikezela okungathi sína okukhonjiswe izimbangi zakhe kuqinisekise kwabaningi ukuthi luncane kangakanani lolu hlobo lwepolitiki olunikezayo. Izinga eliphelele legunya lentando yeningi alitholile limnika isisekelo lapho angaguqula khona kakhulu iLabour njengeqembu eliphikisayo. Kodwa ngokuqinisekile ngeke kube ukuhamba ngomkhumbi.
Inselele enkulu
UCorbyn ubhekene nenselelo enkulu mayelana nokuphathwa kweqembu, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi inqwaba eyanele yeParliamentary Labour Party (PLP) izosebenza naye ngendlela eyakhayo. Alinganiselwa ku-20 kuphela amalungu ePhalamende Ezabasebenzi abeseka u-Corbyn ngentshiseko phakathi kwangama-232 esewonke. Abaningi balaba banolwazi oluncane, baqokwa okokuqala ngoMeyi 2015. Kungenzeka ukuthi abaningi ngokuphindwe kabili noma kathathu bazoba nobutha obubonakalayo kubuholi baseCorbyn - inhlanganisela yama-maverick malcontents (John Mann, Simon Danczuk), onogada abadala abaphiko lwesokudla njengo-John Spellar, kanye no-Blairite ozibophezele ngokwengqondo njengo-Liz Kendall no-Tristram Hunt. Kokusele, kukhona okungenani abaningi futhi abeseka u-Andy Burnham futhi bangase bakulungele kakhulu ukubambisana nobuholi baseCorbyn, okungenani ekuqaleni. Iqhaza likaJohn Cryer odlala kwesokunxele njengosihlalo we-PLP lingaba bucayi ekunikezeni uCorbyn isikhala sokuphefumula, kodwa izinombolo ziphakamisa ukuthi uzoba ngaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu. Kodwa-ke, ubukhulu begunya lakhe kumalungu eqembu kanye nabalandeli abasha kumnikeza inkundla eqinile azokwakha kuyo.
Ukuphatha i-PLP kuzoba inselele enkulu. Ukuvukela okuvamile kwamavoti kungase kubonakale njengokubukela phansi umholi omusha, kodwa kungase kube nzima ukukunqanda ngaphandle kwezinsongo zokuyekwa ukukhetha, okungaba iregi ebomvu yelungelo. Kuyibhalansi ekhohlisayo ukuthi ifakwe ngesikhathi esisodwa futhi ingaxegi. Okunye okungahle kwenzeke wukuhlaba ikhefu emphakathini ngomkhuba wesiswebhu esinemigqa emithathu, esidinga ukuthi amalungu ePhalamende avote ehlangene, esikhundleni salokho athathe isimo esikhululekile. U-Corbyn uzobe evuma ukuthi kuzoba nokuhlubuka okukhulu, kodwa asebenzisane ne-SNP, i-Plaid Cymru kanye ne-Greens ukuze kwakhiwe inhlangano yokuvota emelene ne-austerity ngenkathi enxusa ama-centrists ukuthi angadlali ezandleni ze-Tories.
Ekuqaleni, okungenani, imizwa yeningi lamaLungu ePhalamende Ezabasebenzi ibonakala ingeyokucabangela. Ikakhulukazi bavumelana ngokuvumelana kwabezindaba ukuthi ubuholi baseCorbyn ngeke buthakaselwe ngabavoti abaningi. Nokho umbono ozwakala ngowokuthi nakuba ukunqoba kwakhe kuyingozi exakile - umphumela wezinguquko ebezingahlosiwe zezinguquko zikaCollins zokuxhumanisa i-party- union kanye nesifiso 'sokukhipha ulaka' ngemuva kokukhungatheka kokulahlekelwa okhethweni ababelindele ukulunqoba. - akuyona inhlekelele ephelele, njengoba manje sesinamaphalamende esikhathi esinqunyiwe. Bacabanga, becabanga ukuthi uCorbyn uhlala iminyaka embalwa kuphela (eminyakeni yakhe, bacabanga ukuthi cishe uzobe esenele ngokwanele ngaleso sikhathi), futhi inqobo nje uma esazibambile ezikhundleni abazicabangela ngale kokuphaphathekile (njengokuthi ukushiya i-EU noma i-Nato), kuzoba nesikhathi esanele sokuthi iqembu 'lizimisele' futhi lifune umholi oqokwayo ozobuyisela izinto endleleni.
Enye inkinga izoba wukuguqula indlela amakhansela asebenza ngayo, ikakhulukazi lapho iqembu liphethe amandla ezingeni lendawo. Amaqembu amaningi Ezabasebenzi emikhandlwini abukeka ehlushwa yiStockholm Syndrome, esekwazile ukuhlonza izindinganiso kanye nombono walabo ababagcina beboshiwe ngokwezimali. Abaholi bomkhandlu bavame ukukholelwa inkulumo yabo 'emayelana nokwenza kangcono ngokuncane', 'ukubambisana ukusebenza nezinkampani ezizimele nezizimele' futhi bathethelele ngobuhlakani ukungenzi lutho kwabo kuyilapho beguqulwa baba izizinda zokuthenga imakethe ezinsizeni ezake zahlinzekwa ngaphansi ubunikazi nokulawula komphakathi okuqondile.
Lo mbono usugxile kakhulu kangangokuthi kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukufeza uguquko olusheshayo endleleni Abasebenzi abaqhuba ngayo izinsizakalo zendawo. Lezo zishoshovu ezinjengomama be-E15 okuthe, nakuba bevumelana no-Corbyn, nabo bebekhankasela ngokumelene nezinqumo ezingaboni ngaso linye noma eziyisijeziso zemikhandlu yezabasebenzi, bangase baxolelwe ngokuhlangabezana nesilinganiso esithile sokungaboni ngaso linye. UCorbyn okungenani angakhombisa uguquko ekusebenzeni ngokubuyisela lawo makhansela amisiwe noma axoshwe ngenxa yokuvota ngokumelene nokuncishiswa, futhi asuse usongo lwezinyathelo zokuqondiswa kwezigwegwe kulezo zitendi ezinezimiso.
Izinketho ezimbili
Empeleni uCorbyn unezinketho ezimbili zamasu. Enye iwukuthatha umugqa wokumelana okuncane, ngokungakahleleki makwazeke ukuthi uzibona engumuntu oshintshashintshayo, ukukhombisa indlela ebandakanya wonke umuntu futhi emollient, alwele ubunye obukhulu futhi anciphise izinga alindele ukuthi ozakwabo bamukele ngalo ukuqina kwakhe okukhulu. ezikhundleni, inqobo nje uma engakwazi ukwenza izinguquko ezithile zesakhiwo ukwenza intando yeningi ekwenziweni kwenqubomgomo eminyakeni emibili noma emithathu, futhi okungenani abeke isisekelo sokuthi amalungu abe nezwi elisebenzayo ekwenziweni kwenqubomgomo. Lokhu kuzomnikeza ikhava eyanele ngaphakathi kwe-PLP ukuze asebenze ngokunethezeka ngezinga elithile, kodwa kuzokhawulela lokho okungazuzwa ngaphansi kobuholi bakhe, futhi kuzokwenza okuncane ukufeza lokho okulindelwe abalandeli bakhe. Noma kunjalo, kuzoba inketho abanye abeluleki bakhe abancane kakhulu abangase bayincome.
Ngokuphambene, futhi ephendula ingqikithi yalezo zimpikiswano, isazi sezomnotho se-New Economics Foundation u-James Meadway uphikise - ngokunembile impela ngokombono wami - ukuthi 'i-Keynesianism akwanele . . . Noma yiluphi uhlelo olufuna ukuqeda ubuvila e-UK kufanele ludlulele ngalé kweqophelo lokuphathwa kwesidingo noma ukucubungula okuthile komnotho omkhulu, futhi lufune ukuguqula umnotho oholwa yizimali sonke esihlala kuwo manje. Ngeke kwanele ukuvele udonse ama-levers ngendlela ehlukile. Umshini udinga ukwakhiwa kabusha.' Uguquko olunjalo lungabeka engcupheni kakhulu ezithakazelweni zesikhungo seDolobha lase-London futhi luhlangabezane nokuphikiswa okunonya okungadinga impendulo yezombusazwe eqinile kakhulu kunalokho okuvunyelwa indlela 'yokubandakanya' ukuphepha kuqala.
Inketho yesibili-ke, ingaba isifiso sokuvelela kanye nemicabango, kodwa futhi ibhekane kakhulu futhi ibe yingozi kakhulu. Imivuzo engaba khona, ukube ukuphumelela, ingaba mikhulu ngokuphelele. Lokhu kuzobandakanya ukucacisa zisuka nje ukuthi uCorbyn wayehlose ukushintsha kabusha iqembu ukuze lingene okhethweni lwango-2020 ngethikithi eliqinile lokulwa nobugovu. Kungasho ukuhlanganisa kokubili umkhankaso wobulungu abaningi kanye nokunikeza inkulumo yenhlangano ezinhlakeni ezibanzi zokweseka ngaphandle kweqembu. Ukuqokwa kukaJohn McDonnell njengeshansela eliyithunzi kuwuphawu olukhuthazayo kulokhu njengoba inkundla eyodwa ebalulekile kuzoba yinqubomgomo yezomnotho.
Nakuba kukhona ukuvumelana okubanzi kokuthi enye indlela yokubeka imali iyadingeka, kukhona umehluko ocashile kodwa ongokoqobo uyavela. Abanye abasekeli be-Corbynomics babonakala bengokuqukethwe kokuhlala endaweni ebanzi ye-Keynesian ekuphikisaneni ngokuthi kuzuzisa 'umnotho' (okungubungxiwankulu eBrithani) ukuthi izwe elingenelela kakhulu lisebenzise inqubomgomo yokukhulisa imali kanye nezezimali ukuze kukhuliswe ukukhula komnotho - ngaleyo ndlela kwande. intela kanye nokunciphisa okushodayo ngaphandle kokuncishiswa ngokwedlulele nokuzilimaza emandleni okusebenzisa amakhaya kanye nokwakha ibhamuza lesikweletu somuntu siqu. Ngokwalo mbono, ubunikazi bomphakathi bezinsiza ezibalulekile ngamasu bungaba wusizo ekuqondiseni ukusetshenziswa kwengqalasizinda, kodwa akudingekile, okungenani kulesi sigaba, ukwethula noma iyiphi iphrojekthi ebanzi yokuguqula ubunikazi nokulawula ingcebo emnothweni.
Ukuvula ibandla elibanzi
Umkhankaso ka-Corbyn, nokho, ubulokhu ukhulula ngomqondo wokuthi izixuku zabantu abavamile babone ithuba lokuzimbandakanya nokubamba iqhaza benqatshelwe bona emashumini eminyaka okubusa kwe-neoliberal. Singakwazi yini ukuthuthukisa ipolitiki ebenza bakwazi ukunquma izinto ezibalulekile zezepolitiki futhi balolonge elinye ikusasa, kunokukhetha phakathi kwemikhiqizo epakishwe ngaphambilini njengokuthenga esitolo esikhulu?
Yebo-ke, uma amandla anjalo engenzeka usemkhulu umsebenzi okufanele wenziwe ekuguquleni izinhlaka zeqembu ukuze kuvulwe amafasitela futhi kungene umoya omncane ‘ebandleni elibanzi’ labaSebenzi. Ngisho nezingxenye zeqembu lika-Corbyn lomkhankaso wakhe - ikakhulukazi labo abazuze ukuqagela enguqulweni ye-caricature ye-Leninist vanguardism - babelana okuningi kwalokhu 'esikwazi kangcono' ukuqagela nezindlela zokusebenza. Noma ngabe umlayezo ugudluzelwa amanotshi ambalwa kwesokunxele, futhi ulolongelwe osopolitiki, abavoti kanye nezinqubomgomo ezilungele ukubuza ubandlululo lwe-neoliberal, kusenengozi yokuthi abantu bazophathwa njengabamukeli abangenzi lutho bomkhiqizo kunokuba bazibandakanye ekunqumeni. ngokwabo uhlobo lokunye okunikezwayo.
Uma ubuholi obusha buhluleka ukusebenzisa umqondo wokubamba iqhaza kanye nokubamba iqhaza owakhelwe kukho umkhankaso, umfutho wabo ungashabalala ngokushesha. Lesi yisikhathi lapho inkulumo-mpikiswano ingavulelwa amazwi akhishwe ngaphandle esizukulwaneni lapho ukuvumelana kwe-neoliberal kubambe ipolitiki. Kusukela inhlangano kaTony Benn ekuqaleni kwawo-1980, ngokugcizelela kwakhe umzabalazo wangaphandle kwephalamende kanye nesidingo sokubusa ngentando yeningi yeLabour Party, ithemba elinjalo libonakale lingenzeka.
Ukuhlanganisa amanethiwekhi endawo abasekeli
Ngokusobala u-Corbyn uzodinga ukwethula umkhankaso wobulungu abaningi, okuhloswe ngawo ukukhuthaza bonke labo abalandeli abangamalungu enhlangano nababhalisiwe abasanda (ukuphinde) bazibandakanye neqembu ngomncintiswano wobuholi ukuze babe amalungu agcwele nakhuthele. Nakuba kungase kube nokukhuphuka okwengeziwe ebulungwini, ezinye izishoshovu zizoxwaya ngokuqondakalayo ngokuzibophezela eqenjini ngaphandle uma zikholelwa ukuthi ukujoyina kunikeza izindlela ezisebenzayo nezinengqondo zokuletha ushintsho lwangempela.
Kunganikezwa uphawu olulodwa olubalulekile uma ithimba elisha lobuholi belingasebenza ngokushesha nonobhala Jikelele Wezabasebenzi u-Iain McNicol kanye nesigungu esiphezulu kuzwelonke ukuze banyakazise i-ajenda yenkomfa yaminyaka yonke ukuze kunikezwe isikhathi esengeziwe sezinkulumompikiswano zentando yeningi mayelana nezinqumo zangaleso sikhathi nezimo eziphuthumayo, amazwi angempela angeziwe (umuntu siqu). ulwazi lwenswinyo yenzuzo, intela yekamelo lokulala, ukuncishiswa kokukhubazeka, izinkontileka zamahora ayiziro nokunye) kanye nezinkulumo ezimbalwa ezihleliwe ezivela kosopolitiki.
Okubalulekile ekuguquleni iqembu kuzoba ukuqeda inqubo yeForamu yeNqubomgomo Kazwelonke engacacile futhi ekude futhi kusungulwe uhlaka olusha lokuvumela ukubuyekezwa kwenqubomgomo yezimpande negatsha nethuba lenkulumo-mpikiswano eqondile kanye nezingxoxo zentando yeningi ngamalungu nabalandeli. Umhlahlandlela weqembu kumele ubuyiselwe ezandleni zamalungu. Kepha ukuzuza ngempela ukuzethemba kwabakhankasi bomphakathi, izishoshovu zesimo sezulu, ukunyakaza kwezinyunyana zabasebenzi kanye nabanye abangaphandle kwetende njengamanje, iLabour kufanele ihlose ukusebenzisa ukujika kweCopernican lapho kwakhiwa khona inqubomgomo. Kunokuba sihlale phansi e-Westminster ekubuyekezweni kwenqubomgomo yeminyango evaliwe kanye nokugxila eqenjini, sihloniphe umlayezo ozodalulwa phambi kwabantu abajabulayo, kufanele siqale ngokuthi abantu bahlangabezana kanjani nezidingo zangempela zomphakathi futhi sisebenzisane nalabo abaphansi ukuhlonza ukuthi yiziphi izinqubomgomo ezingaba khona. zibenze bakwazi ukuguqula izimo zabo. Umbono wentando yeningi, wesocialist weqembu lezepolitiki lekhulunyaka lama-21 uzodinga ukuthi ubuyele emqondweni wokuvumela ukuzimela kwemizabalazo ethandwayo.
UJeremy Corbyn angase acele ukuthi kusungulwe izinhlangano zabasebenzi/amakomiti omphakathi endawo - ukuhlanganisa amagatsha ezinyunyana, izifunda kanye nemikhandlu yezohwebo (kuhlanganise nabangewona amanxusa) kanye Namaqembu Ezabasebenzi Ezifunda, abasekeli abaxhumene nababhalisiwe, kanye nezishoshovu ezesekayo namaqembu omphakathi. Lokhu kuzobe sekuhlanganisa umnyombo womzamo wokwakha nokusimamisa ukunyakaza kwabantu abaningi ngokumelene nobuvila, ukuhlanganisa enye isisekelo samandla ukuze kunxeshezelwe isikhundla sakhe esibuthaka ku-PLP nezinhlaka zeqembu. Lokhu kungaba nomthelela wokuthi ngokushesha kuguqule izinhlaka zeqembu ziphumele ngaphandle ukuze kubandakanye inqwaba yabantu, futhi kugqugquzele izixhumanisi ukuthi zithuthukiswe ngale kwezindlela ezikhona zokusebenza.
Kungaphikiswa ukuthi imizamo yokudala lezi zinhlaka isikhona, njengangaphansi kwesambulela sePeople's Assembly. Uma kubhekwa ukuxhumana okukhona phakathi komkhankaso wase-Corbyn kanye ne-People's Assembly kungaba okukhangayo nje ukuwusekela ngaphansi kwesisekelo sawo. Noma kunjalo, kungabaluleka ukuthi izinhlaka ezintsha zibe yizindikimba zentando yeningi, eziholwa emazingeni aphansi ezisekelwe ekuhleleni okungokoqobo nasekuxoxweni kwangempela, kunokuba 'amabutho esiteji' asetshenziswe izikhulu eziphezulu ezigxile ekuhlanganiseni imibuthano namademo kodwa anikele. kancane phakathi. Noma iyiphi inhlangano entsha yabasekeli baseCorbyn izodinga ukufakazela isifiso sohlobo olusha lwepolitiki, hhayi eyodwa ebuswa futhi elawulwa kusukela esikhungweni abantu abacabanga ngokuzidla ukuthi bazi kangcono.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela