Saya eWashington ukuyosiza ukwethula i-Afghan American Women's Association eyasungulwa ukuhlonipha impilo yonke yezimpumelelo zobuntu ngu-Sima Wali. Siphume nesithombe esicacile sokuthi abesifazane base-Afghanistan bazoqhubeka nokuba nezwi eliqinile, elicacile nelingenakunyakaziswa eWashington. Ekulaleleni abesifazane balobu budlelwano base-Afghan/American izinto ezimbili zazicacile: 1. Noma ngabe kwenzekani ngenqubomgomo yezangaphandle yaseMelika, abesifazane base-Afghan/American ababuyeli enyameni ehanjelwe phezu kwabo uhlelo lwezombangazwe oluhlanyiswa ubugovu kanye nobugovu babo. amaphupho okunqoba. 2. Abesifazane base-Afghan/Amerika ngeke besakhohliswa osopolitiki abathembisa intando yeningi nokwakha kabusha kodwa balethe impi nenkohlakalo.
Ukuvakasha kwethu futhi kube yithuba lokubuyekeza mathupha ukuthi yini entsha nehlukile kunqubomgomo ye-AfPak yabaphathi kunangaphambili. IWashington ichithe imali eningi e-Afghanistan. Amasosha aseMelika kanye nezakhamizi ziyafa lapho. U-Okthoba walo nyaka kube yimbi kakhulu emlandweni. Kepha inkulumo-mpikiswano, ebambelele njengoba injalo ezidingweni nasezibonweni zaseWashington hhayi okwase-Afghanistan, iyaqhubeka nokuzungeza izindaba ezibucayi ngaphandle kokuthola izixazululo ezingase zilethe isiphetho esigculisayo.
I-US ibilokhu isempini e-Afghanistan iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili. Kodwa izinyanga ezingu-9 ekuphathweni okusha iWashington iyaqhubeka nokulima kanye necebo lomdlalo elilahlekile kanye nokungabikho kokuqonda mayelana nemvelo yempi, indlela yokuyiqeda, noma ngisho nendlela yokulwa nayo.
Ingxenye enkulu yenkinga iWashington ebhekene nayo yiWashington uqobo. Manje sekucace kakhulu kunangaphambili ukuthi inqubomgomo yamanje yaseWashington isuka ohlelweni lwezempi hhayi olwabantu. Eqinisweni kungase kungenzeki manje ukuthi iWashington ibuyele esu elihleliwe likahulumeni lokwakha isizwe noma yikuphi ngemva kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu yenqubomgomo yezangaphandle eyimfihlo kanye nokwakhiwa kwezempi okwakuvuna izinhlelo zentuthuko eziqhutshwa inzuzo ngokulahlekelwa umphakathi. Imboni yonke manje isikhona ukunxenxa noma yimiphi imizamo yokuhlehlisa ukuthambekela, ukushintsha isimo esikhona noma ngisho nokwenza osonkontileka abazimele baphendule ngemali yomkhokhintela abayitholayo. Incwadi entsha ka-Allison Stanger, enesihloko esithi "One Nation Under Contract," ichaza ubukhulu benkinga lapho imboni ezimele isiphenduke "uhulumeni wesithunzi" osebenza ngaphandle komthetho ngezigidigidi zamadola wombuso, kodwa kancane kancane ukuziphendulela ngokuthi kanjani noma lapho kuchithwa khona imali.
E-Pentagon inkinga ijula โโnakakhulu. Umbuso wezokuphepha kazwelonke owakhiwa phakathi nempi ebandayo wawuklanyelwe ukuvikela i-US kanye nentshonalanga ekusongweni kweSoviet. Imibono eyakhiwe ukuze idlulisele imibono ekhohlisayo yamandla kanye nokungabi sengozini yaba ngokoqobo esikhundleni salokho bonke abanye abazenzakalelayo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, impi "ebandayo" yaba i new evamile, engavamile ukuphonselwa inselelo yilokho okunye okujwayelekile okubizwa ngokuthi ngokoqobo. Kodwa emnyombweni wayo, okujwayelekile okusha kwakuyinkohliso, esekelwe empini yomgunyathi futhi isekelwa inkolelo yomphakathi yokuthi yayingcono kunezindleko nokwesaba impi yangempela eyayizoliwa futhi mhlawumbe ilahleke.
Isimo sezokuphepha kazwelonke sangemva kwempi ebandayo lapho indlela yaseMelika e-Afghanistan isekelwe khona asikaze sibuyele eqinisweni uma impi yamakhaza isiphelile. Eqinisweni, inkohliso yayibathathe kakhulu labo ababephethe; abazange bakubone kusengaphambili ukuwa kweSoviet Union noma bavume ukushabalala kwayo. Kodwa ukholo oluyimpumputhe lweWashington kokujwayelekile olusha lwafihla isimilo sayo esinephutha futhi njengoba abaphathi bakaClinton noBush bakhela phezu kwamandla abo akhohlisayo, isiteji sahlelelwa ukwehluleka.
Lokho kwehluleka sekugcine kwenzekile e-Afghanistan futhi imiphumela izoba yimbi kakhulu kodwa iWashington isaqhubeka njengokungathi yephupho, inciphisa impikiswano ibe yizinkulumo ezilula zenkathi yaseVietnam ngenkathi umhlaba uqhubeka ngaphandle kwayo. Ngokwemithombo enolwazi, abaphathi baphushele uHamid Karzai okhethweni lwe-run-off ngenkolelo yokuthi kuzogunyaza ukubusa kwakhe ukuze uGeneral McChrystal akwazi ukuthola amasosha akhe ukuthi aqhubeke nokulwa. Okungakunaki lokhu ukuthi uhulumeni owonakele, ongakwazi ukusebenza kahle ogcwele izinduna zempi zaseTajik unengeka kuwo wonke umuntu e-Afghanistan - uPashtun noTajik ngokufanayo.
Inqubomgomo yamanje yaseWashington ingase iholele ezimpini zombango phakathi kweningi lamaPastun kanye nezinsalela zalokho okubizwa ngeNorthern Alliance yezizwe zamaTajik, Hazara kanye ne-Uzbek. Ukuthi lokhu kuhloswe ngakho njengesandulela samabomu sokuhlukanisa i-Afghanistan kanye nokudwetshwa kabusha kwemephu ye-Asia Emaphakathi kusazobonakala. Kodwa noma ngabe umphumela ungaba yini umphumela wokudideka okusobala kweWashington ngenqubomgomo e-Afghanistan, ngeke kube nempumelelo encane kuze kube abantu base-Afghan kanye nenani labantu basezindaweni zaseNtshonalanga yePakistan balethwa ngokwepolitiki ekuthathweni kwezinqumo. Ukunika amandla abantu besifunda ukuthi bafune ushintsho oluhle kuzoqeda amandla amaTaliban futhi kushintshe umdlalo. UMengameli u-Obama usenokwethenjwa ukwenza lokho, kodwa ithuba lakhe livalwa ngokushesha.
U-Paul Fitzgerald no-Elizabeth Gould, ithimba lendoda nomfazi, baqala ulwazi lwabo e-Afghanistan ngenkathi beyizintatheli zokuqala zaseMelika ukuthola imvume yokungena ngemuva kwemigqa yaseSoviet ngo-1981 ye-CBS News futhi bakhiqiza idokhumentari, i-Afghanistan Between Three Worlds, ye-PBS. Ngo-1983 babuyela eKabul nomqondisi wephrojekthi ye-Harvard Negotiation u-Roger Fisher we-ABC Nightline futhi waba nesandla kwi-MacNeil/Lehrer News Hour. Baqhubeka nokucwaninga, ukubhala kanye nezinkulumo mayelana nokuqhubeka kwesikhathi eside okwaholela ekuhlaselweni kwe-US e-Afghanistan. Bavezwe kudokhumentari eyawina umklomelo kaSamira Goetschel. Inesihloko, Owethu u-Private Bin Laden elandelela ukudalwa kwezinganekwane zika-Osama bin Laden e-Afghanistan nokuthi leyo nganekwane isetshenziswe kanjani ukugcina indlela "yempi yobushokobezi" yokuphatha kukaBush. Umlando Ongabonakali: Indaba ye-Afganistan yase-Afghanistan eshicilelwe yiCity Lights Books, www.citylights.com.
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