U-Ahmed Rashid, ozinze eLahore, ungomunye wezintatheli ezihamba phambili ePakistan. Izihloko zakhe zivela emaphephandabeni nakomagazini abavelele emhlabeni wonke. Ungumbhali wezincwadi ezithengiswa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke รขโฌลTalibanรขโฌ kanye neJihad.รขโฌ
Esihlokweni sakamuva ku I-Globe ne-Mail, ubhale ukuthi ngo-2005, รขโฌลรขโฌยฆi-Taliban al-Qaeda yabulala abantu base-Afghan abangu-1500 kanye namasosha aseMelika angaba ngu-100, futhi ngokokuqala ngqa igagasi labaziqhumisa ngamabhomu, elingisa abafowabo abangamaphekula e-Iraq, bahlasele emadolobheni. izikhungo eKabul naseKandahar.รขโฌ Sinjani isimo samanje e-Afghanistan?
Kubi kakhulu. Eqinisweni, ezinsukwini ezimbili nje ezedlule, owayengumongameli, uSebghatullah Mojaddi, imoto yakhe, uhide lwemoto yakhe yahlaselwa idelakufa, laqhumisa imoto eyayigcwele iziqhumane eduze kweyakhe. Ngenhlanhla, uMnu Mojadedi, ongumholi womoya futhi ohlonishwa kakhulu, akazange abulawe.
Zimbili izinto ezenzekayo. Kukhona i-uptick ekuhlaselweni kweTaliban okwenzekayo. Ngokuvamile, phakathi nobusika bayaphumula, kodwa kulobu busika abazange baphumule, futhi ukufa nokubhujiswa kuye kwaqhubeka, ikakhulukazi eningizimu ye-Afghanistan. Eningizimu ye-Afghanistan manje usunamasosha aseMelika aphumayo futhi athathelwa indawo amasosha e-NATO avela eCanada, Great Britain, Holland, nakwamanye amazwe. Futhi amaTaliban manje azama ngokusobala ukuthi abe nokuhlasela okukhulu eningizimu ukuze azame ukuphoqa la mabutho, ngokusobala, ukuthi ahoxe noma ahlehle. Ngaso leso sikhathi, basebenzise amaqhinga amasha okwesabisa asetshenziswe kwezinye izindawo. Njenge-Iraq, baye bafunda ukwenza ukuqhuma kwamabhomu ngokuzibulala, futhi kusobala ukuthi banabantu okumele bakwenze. Kwakungakaze kube njalo ngaphambili. Basebenzisa iziqhumane ze-IED, lezi zinhlobo zamabhomu aseceleni komgwaqo ezibangele ukulimala okungaka kwaseMelika e-Iraq. Zisetshenziswa manje ukuze kuqashwe ama-convoys aseMelika kanye ne-NATO. Futhi kukhona ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kakhulu kwezimayini, ukuqamekela okuhlelwe kangcono kakhulu. Ngakho-ke okungenani eningizimu isimo sibi impela.
Kusukela ekuhlaselweni kwe-Afghanistan ngo-Okthoba 2001, i-United States ihlinzeke ngemali eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezine noma amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezinhlanu kulelozwe, akunjalo?
Yebo. Uma ucabangela ukwakhiwa kabusha kwamasosha ase-Afghan.
Lokho kungaphansi kwalokho okuchithwa yi-United States ngenyanga eyodwa e-Iraq.
I-US isebenzisa okuthile okufana ne- $ 6 billion ngenyanga e-Iraq. Isebenzisa u-$1 billion ngenyanga e-Afghanistan ngomzamo wayo wezempi. Inokuthile okufana namasosha ayi-15,000, 16,000 e-Afghanistan, futhi abiza cishe ibhiliyoni lamadola ngenyanga. Futhi lapha sinenani eliphelele lokuthi mhlawumbe i-US ibinikeza, ngokwesilinganiso, cishe ngaphansi kwesigidigidi samaRandi ngonyaka ukuze kwakhiwe kabusha umnotho. Uma i-US inikela kancane, kunzima ukunxenxa abanye abaxhasi abakhuluรขโฌโabaseYurophu, ama-Arabhu, amaJapaneรขโฌโukuba banikele okwengeziwe. Ngenxa yalokho, esikubonile ukuthi empeleni ukwakhiwa kabusha bekuhamba kancane kakhulu, kunensa kakhulu. Kube nemigwaqo embalwa eyakhiwe. Asikho nesisodwa isiteshi sikagesi esisha esakhiwe. Eqinisweni, awekho ngisho namandla afanelekile e-Kabul. Cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kuphela yedolobha ethola ugesi. Ngaphandle kwamandla, vele, awukwazi ukuba nezimboni, awukwazi ukumpompa amanzi, zonke izinhlobo zezinto. Ngakho-ke obekuntuleka ngempela kube umzamo onzima wokwakha kabusha, into uMongameli Bush kanye noNdunankulu uBlair, bonke abaholi bomhlaba ababeyithembisile ngo-2001.
Cishe ingxenye yesithathu kuphela yeKabul enogesi. Sinjani isimo ezweni lonke, uma kuyilokho okwenzeka enhloko-dolobha?
Ezingxenyeni eziningi zezwe kubi nakakhulu. Amanye amadolobha akwazile ukungenisa ugesi, njengoHerat entshonalanga ye-Afghanistan ingenisa ugesi e-Iran. IKunduz, idolobha elisenyakatho-mpumalanga, ingenisa ugesi eTajikistan. Kodwa iphuzu ukuthi akekho obeka phansi uhlobo lwemali edingekayo ukuze kwakhiwe iziteshi zikagesi.
Kungenzeka ukuthi ubeke umunwe wakho kwesinye sezizathu ezenza imali yentuthuko iphuze ukuya e-Afghanistan. Ekupheleni kukaJanuwari isihloko ubhale ku Daily Telegraph, รขโฌลAbaxhasi bakhungathekile ngenxa yokukhula kwenkohlakalo, ukucwasana, kanye nesiko lezidakamizwa emazingeni aphezulu kahulumeni eKabul, ukuntula amandla eminyangweni eminingi kanye nokwehluleka ukubhekana nokuhlukumeza amalungelo abantu.
Impela lokho kuyiqiniso, kodwa umbuthano ononya. Esikubonile eminyakeni emihlanu edlule e-Afghanistan ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi ukwakhiwa kabusha akuzange kwenzeke, noma ukudalwa kwamathuba emisebenzi, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezolimo, lapho u-17% wabantu abahlala khona, abantu sebekhulile futhi bakhulisa lokho okulula kakhulu. kanye nesivuno esingenisa imali eningi, i-poppy. I-poppy iza, yebo, inkohlakalo enkulu. Upopi ungaphandle komnotho osemthethweni. Iyingxenye yomnotho wabamnyama, futhi inzuzo eningi ikhishwa e-Afghanistan. Kodwa lawo asele akha ibhange elikhulu, uma uthanda, lenkohlakalo nezenzo zenkohlakalo.
Okunye okwenzekile ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi ukwakhiwa kabusha bekungekho, kube nokuqagela okukhulu ngempahla, ezidakamizweni, kuzo zonke izici zomnotho ezingakhiqizi.
Okwesithathu, kuningi ukudumala phakathi kukahulumeni. Njengoba ngisho, yisimo senkukhu neqanda. Abantu base-Afghan bafuna ukwakhiwa kabusha futhi bafuna intuthuko yezomnotho. Lokho ngeke kufike ngaphandle kosizo lwangaphandle nemali yakwamanye amazwe. Futhi ngaleyo mali yakwamanye amazwe kufanele kuze, yebo, ukucutshungulwa kanye namasu okuphatha angcono futhi abantu benze isiqiniseko sokuthi akukho nkohlakalo. Ngicabanga ukuthi ithuba elingemva kuka-9/11, ngemuva kokuwina impi, lilahlekile ngempela lapha. Futhi manje, kusobala, ubhekene nenkohlakalo enkulu, inkinga enkulu yezidakamizwa, into engeke isuke noma engakwazi ukuphushwa ngefasitela kalula.
Omunye akazange amuzwe uMongameli Bush ekhuluma ngalezo zinkinga ohambweni lwakhe olufushane lwase-Afghanistan ekuqaleni kukaMashi.
Cha. Ngeshwa, ulayini osemthethweni waseMelika usasho ukuthi konke kuhamba kahle, intando yeningi isifikile e-Afghanistan. Eqinisweni, kulo nyaka amaMelika athi azokhipha amasosha angu-3,000 e-Afghanistan futhi azothathelwa indawo amasosha e-NATO. Uhulumeni wase-Afghan usabele ngokukhulu ukwesaba kulokho, ngoba bakhathazekile ngokuthi amanye amazwe e-NATO awazimisele ukulwa namaTaliban; bafuna ukugcina indima yokugcina ukuthula kunendima yokulwa. Ngakho umugqa osemthethweni yilokho. Kepha ngokungafanele, kunjalo, lapho uthola lezi zigcawu eSenate yase-US evela ku-CIA, evela ku-Defense Intelligence Agency, kwezinye izinhlaka ezinjalo, uthola izibikezelo ezimbi kakhulu zokuthi ukuhlaselwa kweTaliban kukhuphuke impela eminyakeni embalwa edlule futhi kubeka engcupheni.
Abagxeki bakaHamid Karzai, umholi wase-Afghanistan, bambiza ngokuthi imeya yaseKabul nokuthi umbhalo wakhe awuweli ngale kwenhloko-dolobha. Ingabe likhona iqiniso kulokho?
Kwaba njalo ngempela phakathi nonyaka noma ngaphezulu ngemva nje kokunqotshwa kwempi, lapho izinduna zempi zazibusa kulo lonke izwe futhi uKarzai wayengakwazi ukwenza izinduna zempi ukuba zenze izinto ezithile. Leso simo sesishintshile. Kube khona intuthuko. Isibonelo, kube nomkhankaso omkhulu wokuhoxiswa kwezikhali nokudilizwa oqhutshwa yiZizwe Ezihlangene kanye nemali yaseJapan. Okufana nezigidi ezingu-300 zamaRandi angenile kulokho. Futhi okuthile okufana namasosha angama-200,000 aphucwe izikhali. Okusho ukuthi, izinduna zempi ezinkulu, amabutho azo-abanye balaba baphathi bempi babenamabutho asuka ku-15,000 kuya ku-20,000 amadoda - empeleni aphucwe izikhali. Ngakho leyo kube intuthuko enkulu. Futhi ngalokho, vele, kube ukunwetshwa kwegunya likaKarzai. Uma efuna ukushintsha abaphathi noma izikhulu zamaphoyisa ezifundazweni, useyakwazi lokho, futhi wonke umuntu kufanele alalele. Ngakho isimo siye saba ngcono.
Kodwa-ke, ngokujwayelekile kubantu base-Afghan ngicabanga ukuthi iwindi livaleka kancane ngomqondo wokuthi kunokukhungatheka okukhulu komphakathi ukuthi eminyakeni emihlanu phansi komgwaqo, ngemuva kwazo zonke izithembiso zomphakathi wamazwe omhlaba, izimpilo zabo azikafiki. kwashintsha kakhulu.
Uhlangane no-Karzai. Uzimele kangakanani e-United States? Ingabe ungumuntu wakhe?
Futhi, ubuhlobo obuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ezingeni lezempi, ngicabanga ukuthi i-US ibusa kakhulu. Angicabangi ukuthi u-Karzai angakwazi ukumisaรขโฌโuma i-US ifuna ukuqhumisa umuntu othile ngebhomu noma ukuhlasela endaweni ethile, kungenzeka manje ukuthi ithatha imvume ku-Karzai, kodwa izoqhubeka ikwenze ngaphandle kwemvume yakhe. Ezingeni lezepolitiki, u-Zalmay Khalilzad, manje oseyinxusa e-Iraq futhi owayeyinxusa e-Afghanistan, wayeyinxusa elisebenza ngezandla, owatshela wonke umuntu ukuthi wayeqhuba umbukiso. Manje use-Kabul njengenxusa lase-US unokhiye ophansi kakhulu, umuntu woMnyango Wezwe, osebenza njengonozakuzaku ofanele futhi ongangeneleli kakhulu noma ongaphazamisi kakhulu inqubo yezepolitiki. Ngakho-ke ngicabanga ukuthi mayelana nesimo sezepolitiki sasekhaya, uKarzai unomthwalo wemfanelo ophelele. Futhi yingakho umphakathi onikelayo ubumgxeka ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule, ngoba ngalo mthwalo wemfaneloรขโฌโfuthi manje, vele, kukhona iphalamende, ungumongameli okhethiwe, unephalamendeรขโฌโnayo yonke le misebenzi, ubengakaze adonse isisindo sakhe, njengokungathi, ukuze enze izinguquko ezingase zikhuthaze abanye ukuba banikele ngemali eyengeziwe.
Ubhale ku I-Globe and Mail ukuthi kufika ku-30% we loya jirga, iphalamende ligcwele izinduna zempi noma abaqokiwe kanye nabashushumbisi bezidakamizwa.
Iqiniso liwukuthi lezi zikhulu zempi azikanyamalala. Baphucwe izikhali, kodwa abaningi babo bangene ezidakamizweni, abaningi babo bangene ezivumelwaneni zamabhizinisi ezisemthethweni, baba abanikazi bezindlu abakhulu. Basasebenzisa ithonya ezifundazweni, futhi ngokuqinisekile iningi labo selikhethelwe abantu ephalamende. Ngakho-ke ngicabanga ukuthi kufanele ube nokhetho olulodwa noma ezimbili, iphalamende elilodwa noma amabili ngaphezulu, ngaphambi kokuthi ukhiphe lolu hlobo lwabantu.
Noma kunjalo, ngicabanga, kulokho esikubonile kuze kube manje, ukuthi iphalamende liyasebenza. Impela kukhona umnyombo oqinile wabantu abazimele abamelene nezimpi, abavuna kakhulu ukufuqa amalungelo abantu, ukuthuthukiswa komnotho, njll. Futhi bayazwakala. Ngakho-ke akukhona ukuthi leli phalamende liphethwe ngokuphelele izinduna zempi.
Uma kubhekwa isimo sezokuphepha esintengantengayo e-Afghanistan, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwenzekani kulawo mapayipi, amaphupho amapayipi okuletha igesi yemvelo namafutha e-Asia Ephakathi edlula e-Afghanistan? Ingabe konke lokho kumisiwe manje?
Empeleni, baye bavuselelwa. Uhlelo oluyinhloko ngeminyaka yawo-1990, uma ukhumbula, abantu baseMelika babezama ukwenza isivumelwano neTaliban ukwakha ipayipi elisuka eTurkmenistan lidlule e-Afghanistan liye eNdiya. Umbono wepayipi legesi nelikawoyela elivela eTurkmenistan, okungenzeka ke mhlawumbe ukuncela kwezinye izinhlangano zikawoyela negesi zase-Asia Ephakathi, ugxile kakhulu ku-ajenda.
Kodwa futhi sibhekene nale nkinga. Wonke amazwe azimisele ukuthi lokhu kwenziwe, abaseMelika bazimisele kakhulu, izinkampani zaseMelika zizimisele kakhulu. Kepha umzila wepayipi udlula eningizimu ye-Afghanistan, lapho unalokhu kuvukela umbuso kweTaliban njengamanje. Futhi ingxenye yesibili yomzila ibe isingena esifundazweni iBaluchistan, ePakistan, lapho kuphinde kube nokuvukela umbuso. Ngakho wonke umzila wepayipi okwamanje uhamba ezindaweni ezivame ukuvukela umbuso ezingaphephile kakhulu.
UHamid Karzai uvakashele e-Islamabad izinsuku ezintathu maphakathi noFebhuwari. Wayenomthethosivivinywa wemininingwane awuletha ku-Pervez Musharraf owawumangalela kakhulu iPakistan.
Abantu base-Afghan bebelokhu besola iminyaka eminingana manje ukuthi amaTaliban wonke ahlala ePakistan, ubuholi bulapha, nokuthi izinto zisekelwe, ukuqashwa, konke kwenziwa lapha, futhi kwenziwa nguhulumeni wasePakistan. Lokhu kwenqatshwe kakhulu nguhulumeni wasePakistan. Okulethwe nguKarzai ngalesi sikhathi ukuthi ulethe imibhalo yemibiko yezobunhloli yase-Afghan enikeza amagama namakheli nezinombolo zocingo zabantu abasemngceleni obambe iqhaza kulokhu kuqubuka kabusha kweTaliban. U-Karzai wabe esekhuluma nabezindaba wathi unikeze la maphepha, ngaphandle kokunikeza imininingwane yalokho okukuwo.
Ngemva kwalokho-futhi lokhu kungaphambi nje kokuba uBush avakashele ePakistan, empeleni, ngenkathi uMongameli Bush ese-IndiaรขโฌโuMongameli u-Musharraf wathukuthela kakhulu futhi wanikeza isithangami sabezindaba lapho agxeka uKarzai futhi wathi sebekuhlolile konke. ubuhlakani futhi kwakuyimbudane yonke, futhi wasola uKarzai ngokuhlambalaza iPakistan nangokusebenzisana neNdiya, izwe lasePakistan. isitha. Yebo, ipolitiki ngemuva kwakho konke lokhu ukuthi uMongameli Bush wayevakashele eKabul wabe esedlulela eNdiya. Futhi kubonakala sengathi u-Karzai wenze isinyathelo sakhe ukuze azame ukujabulisa abantu baseMelika ukuthi bathathe uhlangothi lwe-Afghanistan vis-ร -vis Pakistan. Ngakho-ke yilokhu okuthukuthelise uMusharraf.
Futhi uBush wabe esefika ePakistan, wachitha usuku lapha, akazange acheme kodwa wabuza ukuthi ngabe uMusharraf wayezinikele yini empini yobushokobezi njengoba ayenzile ngaphambili. Ngokombono wamaPakistani, lokho kuvakasha kwahamba kabi kakhulu. Futhi amaPakistani manje, vele, asola uKarzai ngokuthi kungani ukuvakasha kukaBush kuhambe kabi kangaka. Kodwa noma ngabe ithini ipolitiki yalokho, iqiniso lithi kukhulu ukungezwani phakathi kwala mazwe womabili, kukhona lezi zinsolo ezindiza le nale. Ngokusobala ama-Afghan acasulwe kakhulu ukuthi okuningi kwalokhu kuvuka kabusha kweTaliban, njengoba bekubona, kuvela ePakistan.
Ingxenye yabantu basePashtun ise-Afghanistan kanti ingxenye isePakistan.
Yiqiniso. Futhi ngemva nje kuka-9/11 amaTaliban, labo abasinda, abaningi babo, babalekela ePakistan, futhi abaningi babo balapha. Siyazi ukuthi abaholi babo abaningi balapha, noma okungenani imindeni yabo ikhona noma ngabe abaholi bangaphakathi e-Afghanistan.
Ake sikhulume kancane ngokuvakasha kukaMongameli Bush ePakistan. Izinkulumo ezimbalwa zokuhlela lapha zikuchaze njengokululaza nokubukela phansi iPakistan ngendlela yokuthi i-India, lapho uBush ayevakashele khona ngaphambi nje kokuvakashela e-Islamabad, yanikezwa isivumelwano sothando, esivumela ngempumelelo ukuthi iqedele iSivumelwano Sokungavimbeli kanye nokuthuthukisa uhlelo lwayo lwenuzi kuyilapho iPakistan ayizange inikezwe isanqante esinjalo.
Nakanjani. Yilokho okwenzeka. Ukuvakashela ePakistan, njengoba ngishilo, kwahamba kabi kakhulu. AmaMelika ayengenalutho ayengalunikeza iPakistan. Bekunethemba lokuthi kuzoba nesivumelwano sokutshala imali ngokuhlanganyela, kodwa akwenzekanga lokho. Ngokusobala, lesi sivumelwano esikhulu abantu baseMelika abasenze namaNdiya sibacasule kakhulu abasePakistan. IPakistan nayo ingamandla enuzi futhi ibifuna isivumelwano esifanayo. Lokho bekungeke kwenzeke, uma kubhekwa ukwanda okumangalisayo kobuchwepheshe benuzi okwenziwa iPakistan esikhathini esedlule ngaphansi kowayeyinhloko yezamandla enuzi, uDkt Abdul Qadeer Khan.
Futhi, isizinda sepolitiki siwukuthi abaseMelika babetshele abasePakistan ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule ukuthi yayingekho indlela yokuthola isivumelwano esifanayo, futhi babefuna uBush avakashele ePakistan nakuba sasingekho isivumelwano esinjalo. Futhi amaPakistani athi, Yebo, sisafuna uBush avakashele ePakistan, futhi siyethemba ukuthi kukhona okunye okungenziwa noma unganikeza okunye noma ungasayina isivumelwano sokutshala imali. Inkinga kaMusharraf ukuthi akwenziwanga lutho. Futhi ukuvakasha kwehle njengebhaluni eliholayo futhi kugxekwe kakhulu lapha ePakistan futhi sekugxekwe phesheya, futhi.
Inkinga ukuthi uMusharraf ubhekene nezinkinga zasekhaya. Lapho uBush efika, ngokungafani neNdiya, i-Islamabad yonke yavalwa, abantu bakhishwa emigwaqweni, kwakukhona izinkulungwane zamasosha kanye nabantu bezokuphepha. Futhi ngosuku olwedlule, inxusa laseMelika lalibulewe ekuqhunyisweni kwebhomu lokuzibulala eKarachi, okwakhulisa ukukhathazeka kwezokuphepha kuBush. Ngakho-ke yonke into ebingahle ihambe kabi kulokhu kuvakasha ayihambanga kahle.
Unyaka wezi-2007 uphawula iminyaka engama-60 yePakistan. Eminingi yaleyo minyaka bekubusa amasosha: Ayub Khan, Yahya Khan, Zia ul Haq, nanamuhla uPervez Musharraf, owathatha izintambo zokuketula umbuso ngo-1999 eketula uhulumeni wezakhamuzi uNawaz Sharif. Ingabe ibutho liwumgogodla wokuqonda iPakistan?
Ngeshwa, kubonakala sengathi okwamanje. Ngicabanga ukuthi lo mbuso wezempi kaMongameli u-Musharrafรขโฌโusephethe manje cishe iminyaka eyisikhombisaรขโฌโmanje sekukhona ukuphikiswa okukhulayo kuwo, okuvela emaqenjini ayisisekelo kanye namaqembu ezwe. Inkinga, vele, ePakistan ukuthi kunesikhathi eside sokubusa kwezempi, iminyaka eyisikhombisa kuya kweyishumi, bese umbuso wezempi uchithwa noma yibutho ngokwalo noma inhlangano ethandwayo emigwaqweni bese sibuyela kwezinye. uhlobo lokhetho kanye nohulumeni okhethiwe. Futhi kufanele uqale kusukela ekuqaleni. Yilokho usizi. Kubonakala sengathi kukhona lolu hlobo lwesondo eligoqayo nokuthi ulokhu ubuyela kuqanda, kufanele uqale phansi futhi uvuselele ngokoqobo isondo njalo eminyakeni eyishumi noma ngaphezulu. Inkinga ke leyo.
Ngakho-ke ukugxekwa kokuthi intando yeningi ayikho, kunenkohlakalo eningi, vele lokho kuzokwenzeka uma ingekho inqubekela phambili eyenziwayo ekuvuthweni kwezepolitiki, intando yeningi yezepolitiki, njll, ngoba njalo ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa noma ngaphezulu amasosha ayangenelela.
Ukuzamazama komhlaba eKashmir ngo-Okthoba ka-2005 kwabona ukwanda okumangazayo kokubandakanyeka kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi umphakathi, wenza ngempumelelo umsebenzi uhulumeni ayengeke awenze noma angeke awenze. Namaqembu ama-fundamentalist ayehilelekile kokunye kwalokho kusekela. Ngike ngaxhumana noPervez Hoodboy, isibonelo, owayebambe iqhaza emzamweni we-NGO wokusiza izisulu zokuzamazama komhlaba.
Bekuyisikhathi esivusa amadlingozi ezweni nakubasePakistan. Ngicabanga ukuthi lesi ngesinye sezizathu, mhlawumbe, ukuthi kungani umnyakazo wokubhikisha njengamanje uvuselelwe, ngemuva kwalolo hlobo lokuphaphama. Inkinga, kunjalo, ePakistan ukuthi akekho umholi ophikisayo othembekile noma umholi womphakathi ongasebenzisa leli thuba lenhlangano yomphakathi ukuze asize izisulu zokuzamazama komhlaba. Kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi ekwenzile, kuvule amehlo abantu ukuthi babone iqiniso lokuthi abantu basePakistan abafile ngokomoya noma ngokwepolitiki, njengoba bekunjalo. Lapho kugadla inhlekelele, abantu bayahlangana basize.
I-Baluchistan, isifundazwe esiseningizimu-ntshonalanga yePakistan, isemngceleni we-Iran ne-Afghanistan. Ukhulume ngokuvukela umbuso lapho. Ziyini izimpande zawo?
Lokho kuvukela umbuso kunomlando omude. I-Baluchistan iyisifundazwe esinganakiwe kakhulu ePakistan. Inesibalo esincane sabantu, indawo enkulu yomhlaba, futhi akekho oke wachitha noma iyiphi imali lapho etshala imali kwezentuthuko, ingqalasizinda, imfundo, ezempilo, njll. Ngenxa yalokho, kube nezihlubuki ezine eBaluchistan eminyakeni engu-50 edlule, iBaluchis ifuna ukuzimela okwengeziwe. , befuna amarisidi angcono egesi namafutha abawunikeza izwe lasePakistan, befuna ukulawula okwengeziwe ngezinsiza zabo. Ngakho izimpande zalokhu ngokuqinisekile zibuyela emuva isikhathi eside.
Njengamanje lamavukelambuso afuna futhi ukuzimela. Futhi kunemizwa enamandla yokuthi uma lokhu kuvukela umbuso kuzoqhubeka, ungase uthole laba bavukeli beze nezidingo zokuzimela, okunganyakazisa kakhulu iPakistan.
Yini onayo mayelana nohambo nokubhala?
Impela ngicabanga ukuzama ukubhala enye incwadi, incwadi yangemva kuka-9/11 ebheka konke okwenzekile kulesi sifunda. Kuwumsebenzi onzima, ngoba kukhulu okwenzekile futhi kuningi okulotshiwe ngalesi sifunda. Futhi ngizoqhubeka ngibhala izihloko zephephandaba, ngihlanganise izindaba, ngiye e-Afghanistan, ngiye e-Asia Ephakathi, ngigcine iso lami ebholeni.
Ingabe kulula kakhulu ukubuyela emuva naphambili usuka ePakistan uye e-Afghanistan? Uya phezu komhlaba noma uyandiza?
Yebo, sekulula kakhulu. Ngiyandiza. Abantu bavame ukundiza, nakuba i-overland isiqalile. Inkinga ye-overland ayikona kangako ukushoda kwezokuphepha manje njengoba umgwaqo usemubi kakhulu. Kunezindiza ezivamile: kunezindiza ze-UN nsuku zonke, manje sekunezindiza zezentengiselwano zezindiza zezindiza zasePakistan nase-Afghanistan futhi kukhona izindiza ezisuka eDelhi, ezivela e-Islamabad, ezivela e-Dubai, ezivela ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke kulula kakhulu manje ukungena e-Afghanistan.
Ngabe kusemnandi ukwenza ubuntatheli endaweni yangakini?
Kumnandi. Kusenhle ukukhulisa izinwele namanje, kuyingozi. Usabhekene nokuvukela umbuso kwenye indawo, unamaTaliban, uneBaluch, unezempi e-Waziristan. enyakatho-ntshonalanga yePakistan. Kuseyisifunda esiphazamiseke kakhulu.
(UDavid Barsamian ungumsunguli/umqondisi we-Alternative Radio, (www.alternativeradio.org).
Incwadi yakhe yakamuva noNoam Chomsky ithi รขโฌลImperial Ambitions.รขโฌ )
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