Sekungamashumi eminyaka, imithombo yezindaba yaseMelika ngokubanzi ilula futhi idukisa ukubika ubudlelwano base-US ne-Afghanistan, bhala uPaul Fitzgerald no-Elizabeth Gould, ababhali bencwadi. Umlando Ongabonakali: Indaba ye-Afganistan yase-Afghanistan (Izincwadi Zokukhanya Kwedolobha, www.citylights.com). Bathi kusukela ngo-1981 kuqhubeke, abezindaba baye bagcina ukwaziswa okubalulekile kude nabantu baseMelika.
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Cishe iminyaka engama-30 - selokhu sakubheka eduze - ukusakazwa kwabezindaba kwaseMelika nge-Afghanistan bekulula, kudukisa, kungahlolisiswa, ukwamukela futhi kunanela inkulumo-ze kahulumeni, futhi kungalungile nje. Kube khona okuhlukile...kodwa ababaningi. Kusukela ngo-1981, sibe nenqubo egcine ulwazi olubalulekile lukude nabantu baseMelika.
Ngemuva kokuxoshwa kwezintatheli zasentshonalanga eziyi-1,135 ngenyanga eyodwa ngemuva kokuhlasela kweSoviet ngo-1979, saba ngabokuqala ukufinyelela e-Afghanistan ngemigudu yezokuxhumana eNhlanganweni Yezizwe. Inkontileka ye-CBS Evening News noDan Kunalokho, ithuba lethu lokubona ngaphakathi kwe-Afghanistan ephethwe yiSoviet liveze indaba eyinkimbinkimbi, futhi izithombe esibuye nazo azihambisani nesithombe sombuso omubi, ngokubona kwethu, ukubika kwe-CBS bekulokhu kuwukhulisa. . Emasontweni amane ngemva kokubuya kwethu, kwasakazwa indaba yohambo lwethu, ingqubuzana nenkulumo-ze yamaSoviet - okungukuthi, izithombe ezenziwe amaSoviet - ezazingamele neze ulwazi lwethu. Kodwa njengengxenye ye-anti-Soviet, yayiyingcweti.
Kwathi ngo-1983, ngaphansi kwenkontileka ye-ABC Nightline, samema uRoger Fisher, umqondisi we-Harvard Negotiation Project, ukuthi abuye nathi ukuze ahlole amathuba okwenza amaSoviet ashiye i-Afghanistan. URoger usitshele ukuthi uchwepheshe omkhulu wase-Kremlin wase-Afghan uthe, "Sinikeze izinyanga eziyisithupha zokuvikela ubuso futhi sizobashiya abase-Afghan bazixazulule izinkinga zabo." Lolu lwazi lunqatshiwe njengezindaba ze-ABC World News Tonight. Khona-ke isicelo saseSoviet - njengoba sichazwe nguRoger ku-Nightline - sakhiwe ngendlela yokuthi umsingathi u-Ted Koppel, kangangokuthi sachitha noma yimuphi umbono wokuthi kunethuba lokuhoxa kweSoviet.
Njengoba ishumi leminyaka lama-80s liqhubeka, umsebenzi wamaSoviet washiya indawo yobuntatheli - cishe akukho okukhulunywa ngakho - futhi waguqulwa waba umzabalazo wamaRamboesque wamaqhawe angcwele ngokumelene nombuso omubi. Kwathi ngo-1989 lapho amaSoviet ekugcineni ehoxa, indaba yase-Afghan yanyamalala ngokuphelele ku-radar yabezindaba. Impi ebandayo yayisiphelile futhi izinganekwane zathi i-US "iyinqobile". Abantu base-Afghan basala ukuthi babhekane ne-blowback evela kuma-mujahideen fighters ayesekelwe umsebenzi omkhulu wokufihla wase-US owaziwa esidlangalaleni kusukela e-Vietnam. Eminyakeni embalwa ezayo leyo nqubo izodala ukuthi iTaliban kanye ne-morph ibe usongo olubhekene ne-US namuhla.
Ngaphandle kokucabangisisa ngemiphumela yokuxhaswa ngezimali kanye nokuqeqesha ontamolukhuni ngenhloso yokunqoba iSoviet Union, abezindaba baseMelika abaphuthelanga nje indaba ejulile, kodwa baziba izikhathi eziningi lapho indaba yase-Afghan yonakaliswe ngezinhloso zezombusazwe.
Izindatshana ku-New York Post ngo UJanet Wilson ngasekupheleni kuka-1989 kanye ne-Columbia Jounalism Review isihloko ngu UMary Williams Walsh ekuqaleni kuka-1990 wabeka icala lokuthi ukusakazwa kwezindaba kwe-CBS kwasakaza ngokuphindaphindiwe izithombe ezingamanga zempi kanye nama-akhawunti wezindaba ezingamanga. Lezi zinsolo azibanga namphumela futhi azange zibangele imibuzo ebucayi kwabezindaba. Kwaze kwafika ngo-9/11 lapho i-Afghanistan ibuyela khona ku-radar yabezindaba. Inkinga eyayishiye abantu abayizigidi ezi-2 beshonile, ababaleki abayizigidi eziyisi-6, kanye nenani labantu besifazane base-Afghan abasesimweni esibucayi ekugcineni yabonakala. (Bheka lokhu Amnesty International umbiko.) Kodwa nanamuhla, abezindaba bayaqhubeka nokumelana nokuhlaziywa okujulile okudingekayo ukuze kulethe uhlobo lokucabanga oludingwa ukungenelela kwamanje kweMelika e-Afghanistan.
Ngaphambi, ngesikhathi nangemva kokuhlasela kweSoviet, abezindaba bawamukela kakhulu, ngaphandle kophenyo, umbono wokuthi kwakwenzeka iMpi Engcwele YamaSulumane ngokumelene nobukhomanisi. Kakhulu ngokubika okuzimele. Ngisho nalapho kokubili Robert Gates, uNobhala wamanje Wezokuvikela waseMelika, kanye nomeluleki wezokuphepha kuzwelonke kaMongameli u-Zbigniew Brzezinski uCarter, bavuma ngokuphrinta (Gates, encwadini yakhe,Emathunzini; UBrzezinski, inhlolokhono ka-1998 ku Le Nouvel Observateur), ukuthi i-US ibibukela phansi ngasese imizamo yayo yezokuxhumana ukuze inikeze amaSoviet iVietnam e-Afghanistan, abezindaba baseMelika behlulekile ukukubona njengezindaba. (UGates wayengumsizi okhethekile we-Brzezinski ngo-1979 ngesikhathi sokuhlasela; wayenezikhundla eziphezulu zezobunhloli ku-CIA ekuqaleni kwawo-80s futhi ngo-1986 waqanjwa njengesekela lomqondisi we-CIA.)
Amazwi ka-Brzezinski Nouvel Observateur akhulunywa phakathi inhlolokhono yango-2005 wenze no-Samira Goetschel ngefilimu yakhe, Okwethu Kwangasese UBin Laden. Wabuza: โEngxoxweni yakho yango-1998 ne-French Magazine Le Nouvel Observateur uthe ngamabomu wandisa amathuba okuhlasela kweSoviet e-Afghanistan.โ UBrzezinski waphendula: โIphuzu lalimane liwukuthi leli. Sasazi ukuthi amaSoviet ayeseqhuba imisebenzi e-Afghanistan. Sasazi ukuthi e-Afghanistan kwakunokuphikisa umzamo oqhubekayo owawenziwe amaSoviet ukuze athathe izintambo. Futhi sasinomuzwa wokuthi umqondo omningi wokusekela labo ababephikisa. Futhi sanquma ukwenza lokho. Yebo lokhu cishe kwaqinisekisa abaseSoviet ngisho nangokwengeziwe ukuthi benze lokho ababehlela ukukwenza..."
Njengoba sibhala encwadini yethu, "Umlando Ongabonakali: I-Afghanistan Untold Story," irekhodi liyaphikisana nenkolelo kaBrzezinski yokuthi amaSoviet ngabe ahlasele.
Umhlaba wenziwa kabusha ngobuwula baseSoviet e-Afghanistan, umbuso wamaKhomanisi wabhujiswa futhi ukuvelela kwaseNtshonalanga kwaqinisekiswa. Kepha intengo yokuhlupheka kwabantu e-Afghanistan kanye nomthelela wenkululeko yethu yentando yeningi kanye nokusakazwa kwabezindaba okunolaka akumele kuqondwe. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwethu komuntu siqu nabezindaba kwakuyisibonelo esihle kakhulu sokuthi indaba yase-Afghanistan yahlelwa kanjani ukuze kukhuthazwe impi kanye nokululaza ukuxazululana ngokuthula. Njengempi ebandayo uqobo, kuwuhlaka olusahlupha i-Afghanistan. Mhlawumbe manje isizohlupha kakhulu i-United States.
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