Kunini lapho umsebenzi uguquka ube into ehluke ngokuphelele? Ingabe iminyaka engu-50 yanele? Ingxenye yekhulu leminyaka ngemva kokuthatha umbani kuka-Israyeli ngo-1967 I-West Bank, IJerusalema elisempumalanga kanye Gaza, ingabe isanembile ukuveza ukulawula kwayo lezi zindawo ngokuthi โumsebenzi wezempiโ, okuyinto ngokwencazelo ebilokhu isho into yesikhashana?
imisebenzi zisezinhlelweni zezempi eziyinhloko ezisungulwe ukulawula ukuba khona nokuziphatha kwebutho langaphandle endaweni enqotshiwe kanye nenani labantu bomdabu. Umcabango oyisisekelo owazisa umthetho wendawo ukuthi umehluko ophinyisiwe we-de facto kanye ne-de jure ukhona phakathi kwezwe elihleziyo kanye nendawo elikuyo.
Nokho, eminyakeni engu-50 edlule i-Green Line ehlukanisa i-Israel yangaphambi kuka-1967 nezindawo eyayizithathile isuliwe ngokwendawo nangokwepolitiki. Ngaphezu kokuxhuma lezi zifunda ezimbili ngemigwaqo, amagridi kagesi, nenyunyana yentela, Israel uye wathuthela amakhulu ezinkulungwane zezifiki I-East Jerusalem kanye neWest Bank. Njengamanje, amajaji amabili eNkantolo Ephakeme, amalungu ambalwa eKhabhinethi kanye ne-Knesset kanye nenqwaba yezisebenzi zikahulumeni zihlala lapho.
Kunokuba kuthuthukiswe lesi simo, inqubo yase-Oslo - namuhla ecishe ibe yingxenye yalowo msebenzi ngokwawo - inikeze amandla okuqhubekayo. de facto ukusulwa kwe-Green Line. Khona-ke, ngempumelelo esikhathini esingaphezu kwesizukulwane kuye kwaba nesifunda esisodwa phakathi kweSigodi SaseJordani noLwandle LwaseMedithera, futhi uhulumeni wakwa-Israyeli ungumbuso wawo.
I-UN Security Council, i-International Court of Justice, cishe wonke amazwe asemhlabeni ngisho neNkantolo Ephakeme yakwa-Israyeli ibheka izindawo ezathathwa ngo-1967 njengehlukene ngokomthetho kwa-Israel. Amashumi eminyaka yemibiko ngo IPalestina, I-Israel futhi izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe zamalungelo abantu khombisa ngokungangabazeki ukwephulwa okuhlelekile kwama-Israyeli kwemithetho yendawo yokuhlala.
Izimpendulo zika-Israyeli kulezi zinsolo ziye zakabili. Okokuqala, njengabanye abahlukumezi bamalungelo abantu, uhulumeni wenza noma yini ukuze aphike, aphikise, noma adukise izinsolo. Okwesibili, uhulumeni wakwa-Israel uyakuphika ngisho nokusebenza kwemithetho yendawo yokuhlala, ethi ngenxa yokuthi iWest Bank, iGaza ne-East Jerusalem yayingeyona ingxenye esemthethweni Egypt noma iJordani ngaphambi kwempi, bamane nje โwaphikisanaโ, okusho ukuthi i-Israel inesandla esikhululekile sokuqhwaga kanye nokuhlalisa umhlaba kuyilapho inqabela amalungelo abantu basePalestine aqinisekiswa ngenye indlela umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe.
Ukusuka emsebenzini kuya kubandlululo
Okuxakayo ukuthi namuhla abalandeli abanonya kakhulu nabagxeki abanonya kakhulu bokulawula kuka-Israyeli izindawo ezinqotshiwe bakholelwa ukuthi inkulumo-mpikiswano mayelana nokuthi zidliwe yini ayisasebenzi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amalungu amaningi omfelandawonye obusayo wakwa-Israel angathanda ukuqeda inkulumo-mpikiswano mayelana nesimo esingokomthetho sezindawo zasePalestine ngokumane. ukuhlanganisa okuningi, uma kungezona zonke, zeWest Bank (i-Israel ifakiwe I-East Jerusalem ngo-1967), ukuguqula i- de facto ukufakwa ku-a de jure eyodwa ngenkathi ishiya isiphetho saseGaza emphakathini wamazwe ngamazwe.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inani elikhulayo le izazi zezomthetho bakholelwa ukuthi ngemva kweminyaka engu-50 yengcindezelo engapheli kanye nokuxazulula umsebenzi ngokwawo esikhundleni sokubonakaliswa kwawo okuqondile awukho emthethweni. Ngenkathi bayanda abantu basePalestine ngisho nabakwa-Israel abathi igama elifanele ukuchaza lesi simo akusahlali muntu. Wubandlululo.
Abagxeki bokusetshenziswa kwelebula lobandlululo baphikisa ngokuthi lokhu kufanekisa okungamanga, bethi umlando nezombusazwe ezidlule kuwo womabili la mazwe zihluke kakhulu ukuthi zingakwazi ukuthetheleleka ekusebenziseni leli gama elinecala elikhulu neliqondile ngokomlando elithi vis-a-vis Israel. Kodwa iqiniso lokuthi uhlelo luka-Israel lokubusa nokukhishwa kwezinhlanga luhlukile kuneNingizimu Afrika engasenalo igunya lokuhlukaniswa kwayo njengohlelo lobandlululo kunokuhlangenwe nakho okuyingqayizivele kweNingizimu Afrika. Italy futhi iFrance izophonsela inselelo ukubonakaliswa kwayo okufanayo njengentando yeningi.
Ubandlululo - hhayi nje ekuhlangenwe nakho kwalo eNingizimu Afrika, kodwa ekuchazeni kwalo okucacile ngaphansi konyaka we-1973 Isivumelwano Samazwe Ngamazwe Sokucindezelwa Nokujeziswa Kobugebengu Bobandlululo - inesici esibalulekile esichaza inkambiso yayo noma ngabe ikuphi: "imiphakathi emibili, eyodwa inikezwe wonke amalungelo omphakathi kanti enye inqatshelwe wonke amalungelo".
Lawa mazwi awaveli esivumelwaneni sango-1973 kodwa aphuma emlonyeni wenxusa elikhulu kwa-Israyeli, u-Abba Eban, owawakhuluma kungakapheli ngisho isonto kuphothulwe iMpi Yezinsuku Eziyisithupha exwayisa ozakwabo ukuthi isimo esinjalo sizoba nzima kakhulu ukusivikela. . Kodwa balindele incazelo yeSivumelwano yobandlululo ngokuthi โingcindezelo ehlelekile kanye nokubuswa iqembu lohlanga olulodwa phezu kwanoma iliphi elinye iqembu noma amaqembu futhi bezibophezele ngenhloso yokugcina lowo mbusoโ.
Kudingeka amathuluzi amasha okuvikela amalungelo asePalestine
Ukuqonda i-Israel njengohlelo lobandlululo kuveza isidingo esiphuthumayo sokushintshwa kwepharadigm endleleni esiqonda ngayo futhi sizama ngayo ukuguqula isimo sezepolitiki kwa-Israel kanye Palestine. Esikhundleni sokubuza ukuthi zingawuqeda kanjani umsebenzi futhi kwakhiwe izifundazwe ezimbili, abenzi bezinqumo kudingeka bacabangele indlela yokwenza intando yeningi izwe elingokoqobo elikhona phakathi koMfula noLwandle. Esikhundleni sokuqhubeka nokusebenzisa umthetho wokuhlala ukuze kugxekwe izinqubomgomo zakwa-Israel, amathuluzi amasha adinga ukuthuthukiswa ukuze kuvikelwe ilungelo le-Palestine lokuzibusa ngaphakathi komongo lapho ubuzwe obunesisekelo somhlaba bungasenakwenzeka (futhi cishe akukaze kwenzeke).
Kulo mongo, kude nokuqoka u-Israyeli, ilebula yobandlululo yayizoyenza ibe yinto evamile, ivumele uhla olubanzi olufanayo lwamasu asebenze kwenye indawo ukuthi asatshalaliswe lapha, ukunikeza ama-Israel namaPalestina amathuluzi amasha ngokufanayo okulwela ikusasa elinokuthula, elinobulungiswa nelentando yeningi. kubo bonke abakhileyo ezweni. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-50 yobudlova, ingcindezelo nempi, zombili lezi zizwe zifanelwe ikusasa elingcono. Ukuvuma ubuqiniso bobandlululo kuyisinyathelo sokuqala kulokho.
U-Neve Gordon ungowakwaLeverhulme ovakashele e-SOAS, eNyuvesi yaseLondon.
UMark LeVine unguprofesa Wezomlando WaseMpumalanga Ephakathi eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia, e-Irvine, kanye Noprofesa Wokuvakasha Ovelele e-Lund University.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
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