I-Egypt isalokhu isesimweni sokushuba kwezinxushunxushu zezombangazwe.
Kusukela kwaba nokuvukela umbuso ngoFebhuwari 2011 okwaketula umbuso wondlovukayiphikiswa u-Hosni Mubarak, sekube nohulumeni abane, amavoti amathathu emithethweni ebuyekeziwe, amavoti amabili ephalamende kanye nolunye ukhetho lukamongameli kanti olunye luhlelelwe uMeyi 26-27, 2014.
Lokhu kwenza inhlolovo eyisikhombisa noma ukhetho kusukela kuMubarak.
Lokhu kuzenzisa kwentando yeningi okungasebenzi kwaba okungaphezudlwana kokwenza kabusha amakhadi lapho amasosha ephethe wonke ama-aces. Abalingisi bakaMubarak basebenze nobuso obusha, ikakhulukazi i-Muslim Brotherhood, ababezimisele ukwamukela izindlela zakudala inqobo nje uma bezothola ucezu lwesenzo.
Ngenxa yalokho, iningi lale mizamo yokhetho oluyinkohliso esobala yaphonselwa inselelo noma yadukiswa yintsha kanye nezishoshovu zezisebenzi.
Lolu khetho lwakamuva lukamongameli, lapho obeyisikhulu samasosha uField Marshal Abdel Fattah al-Sisi othathwa njengonqobile, bamele ojenene bayakuvuma ukwehluleka kwabo ukuthola umfelandawonye okwazi ukubusa ngamandla ezepolitiki anele ukuze aqhubekisele phambili ubunzima obufunwa ngabatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe, amabhange. kanye nesigaba sempahla sisonke ngaphandle kokubangela isivunguvungu semibhikisho yokuvukela umbuso eyadedelwa ozakwabo bangaphambili be-Muslim Brotherhood.
Ngakho, ukhetho lukamongameli ngeke lunikeze nhlobo impumuzo kubantu baseGibhithe. Esikhundleni salokho, kuzoba nokunye okufanayo lapho ibutho lithatha ukulawula okuqinile kukahulumeni ukuze liqhubekisele phambili umkhankaso walo wengcindezelo kubo bonke abaphikisayo.
Leli irekhodi elibi lonyaka odlule kusukela mhla zi-3 kuJulayi 2013, kuketulwa umbuso kamengameli we-Muslim Brotherhood uMohammed Morsi owakhethwa okhethweni olwamukelwa kabanzi njengokhetho lokuqala lwangempela lukamongameli wase-Egypt.
Isimo senhlalo simane saba yingozi kakhulu kubantu abacebile ukuba bangazifaka engozini noma yiziphi ezinye izivivinyo zentando yeningi. Amasosha abizelwe ukuzoqinisekisa ukulawula okuqondile futhi u-al-Sisi kungathenjelwa kuye ukuthi adlale indima yakhe ngokukhulu ukushesha.
Useveze izitatimende ezisakazwe kahle ememezela ukuthi intando yeningi ayibalulekile kangako futhi ingase izuzwe eminyakeni engama-25 kuphela. Ukuchuma kwezomnotho kuwumgomo futhi une, vele, incwadi kadokotela efanele.
Lezi zimemezelo ezimangalisayo akufanele ziduduze muntu ngoba onyakeni wokugcina wokubusa kwezempi, isu lojenene lengcindezelo mayelana nezinguquko liye lafaka izwe enkingeni ejulile futhi lehlulekile nakancane ukuxazulula izinkinga zezenhlalo nezomnotho.
Inguquko noma Ukucindezelwa
Zimbili izici ezigcina ibhodwe libila.
Okokuqala ukungqubuzana okungakaxazululwa ne-Muslim Brotherhood engavumelekile. Kwaba ngokuzenzakalelayo inhlangano yezenhlalo enamandla kunazo zonke ezweni esikhaleni esidalwe ngemva kokuwa ngokuphelele kombuso wamathambo kaMubarak wabangane nomndeni.
Njengoba kunomlando osukela eminyakeni engama-80 futhi enamalungu ezigidi, inhlangano yoquqaba ngeke ivalwe umlomo kalula, noma kunengcindezelo eshubile manje eqondiswe kubaholi namalungu ayo.
Eqinisweni, njengoba ama-civil libertarians azibophezele eqonda, akufanele nje kuphela ukucindezelwa kwamalungelo entando yeningi e-Muslim Brotherhood engathandeki kodwa noma kunjalo kuthathwe njengokuhlasela kwamalungelo omphakathi wawo wonke umuntu, futhi kufanele kuqondwe njengokungadingeki ngokuphelele.
Le nhlangano isivele ingathandwa kakhulu futhi ihlukene nepolitiki ngenxa yemigomo yayo yokuzenzela umathanda ngesikhathi kubusa unyaka owodwa kaMorsi. Lokhu kubonakale ngokusobala ngezigidi ezangena emigwaqweni ngesikhathi kunemibhikisho emelene nohulumeni iTamarod noma iRebel ngonyaka odlule.
Lolu hlobo lokuphikiswa okunokuthula kweningi labantu baseGibhithe โlwadunwa,โ igama izishoshovu zentando yeningi ezivame ukulisebenzisa, ngamasosha aqala umkhankaso wokucindezelwa kwabantu abaningi kulandela ukuketulwa kwabo umbuso okwakuklanyelwe ukuqeda umkhankaso wokuvukela umbuso. yezigidi.
Njengoba amasosha kanye nemithombo yabo yezindaba yasekhaya elawulwayo ihlale ibhebhethekisa ukwesaba kodlame nobushokobezi ngabasekeli beMuslim Brotherhood, iningi labantu baseGibhithe lisamukela amaqhinga anonya amaphoyisa njengobubi obudingekayo.
Eqinisweni, kunobufakazi obuphathekayo bodlame olungahleliwe olubhekiswe kubantu abasekeli bakaMorsi kodwa ngokusobala alwenyukeli ezingeni eliphakanyiswe uhulumeni. Noma kunjalo, iningi labantu baseGibhithe liyaqiniseka ukuthi izinsongo zamaphekula zingokoqobo futhi ziningi.
Kunoma ikuphi, ngokuphambene nombono womphakathi okhona e-Egypt, idlanzana lamazwi aphikisayo ligcizelela ngokuqinile ukucindezelwa kwe-Muslim Brotherhood kuyisizathu sokudedela umkhankaso wokuhlukunyezwa kwaleyo ntsha nabasebenzi abasazibophezele ekufezeni izinhloso zoguquko โlwesinkwa. , inkululeko nobulungisa emphakathini.โ
Lokhu kuyiqiniso. Ukuhlaselwa kwabasebenzi abatelekile, izishoshovu zentando yeningi kanye nezinhlangano kubhalwe phansi yizinhlangano ezihamba phambili zamalungelo abantu ezigxeke izigameko eziningi zokuhlukunyezwa nokufa kwabantu ngesikhathi beboshiwe, ukusetshenziswa kwesigwebo sentambo okungakaze kubonwe emacaleni angamakhulu ngisho nokuboshwa nokuboshwa kwezingane.
Leli rekhodi elibi lidlulela ngale kwe-Muslim Brotherhood. Izibalo zixoxa indaba.
Enye yenhlangano ehlonishwa kakhulu yamalungelo abantu yase-Egypt uveza "Ukuthi isibalo sababoshiwe abamelene nokuketulwa umbuso selokhu kwakhishwa uMengameli uMorsi esikhundleni silinganiselwa ku-21,000, nokugcizelela ukuthi ukuboshwa kuyaqhubeka cishe nsuku zonke."
Lezi zibalo ezimangalisayo zihlanganisa isikhathi esingaphansi konyaka owodwa wokubusa kwezempi kodwa ziphikisana kakhulu neziboshwa zezombusazwe ezilinganiselwa ku-30,000 ezivalelwe phakathi nayo yonke iminyaka engu-29 yokubusa kukaMubarak ngokwakhe.
Yi-Economy
Isici sesibili nesibaluleke kakhulu esichaza ukungazinzi kwezwe sixhumene ngqo nomkhankaso ohlangene wengcindezelo.
"Izinguquko kwezenhlalo, ezomnotho kanye nentando yeningi ziye zabekelwa eceleni eminyakeni emithathu edlule futhi azikho izinjongo zenguquko ezifinyelelwe" umholi wombhikisho owayedingisiwe u-Ahmed Salah wangitshela engxoxweni.
Akuyena yedwa okhomba izinkinga zezenhlalo nezomnotho ezingakaxazululeki.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusenkathini ye-Supreme Command of the Armed Forces uhulumeni ngokushesha ngemva kokuwa kuka-Mubarak, noma ngesikhathi somongameli we-Muslim Brotherhood ka-Muhammed Morsi noma namuhla, "kuye kwaba khona impi ngamalungelo abasebenziโ kanye โnesimo sonke sabasebenzi manje sesibi kakhulu kunangaphambi koguquko,โ kusho umakadebona wenyunyana ezimele u-Advocate Kamal Abbas, umxhumanisi jikelele we-Center for Trade Union and Workers Services.
Futhi kunobufakazi obuningi bokuthi amazwi kaSalah no-Abbas ananela ezweni lonke.
I-May 1, 2014 I-Cairo Post kubika inhlangano yabasebenzi ibone ukwanda okungakaze kubonwe kwemibhikisho kanye neziteleka emikhakheni ehlukene yezomnotho phakathi nekota yokuqala ka-2013 ngabasebenzi ngoJanuwari 2014 benza โimibhikisho engama-55 ezifundeni ezihlukene ezingama-21 [ezifundeni]. NgoFebhuwari kube nemibhikisho eyi-1,044 engakaze ibonwe ezifundeni ezingama-27 kwathi ezingama-321 zenzeke ngoMashi ezifundeni ezingama-23.
Isimo somnotho sisalokhu singathandeki kubantu abaningi baseGibhithe futhi mhlawumbe iyisixhumanisi esibuthakathaka esidida isu lezempi lokusimamisa izwe ngokucindezelwa kwabantu abaningi.
Isibonelo, iholo elincane elincane elisanda kumiswa likhuphule amaholo anyanga zonke laya ku-$172 lisuka ku-$102. Kodwa lusebenza kuphela kubasebenzi abathile bakahulumeni hhayi kunoma yibaphi abasebenzi bezinkampani ezizimele nhlobo. Lesi senzo esinganele ngokuphelele sithukuthelise izigidi futhi empeleni saba ingqikithi yemiboniso ethile.
Nakuba ingcindezelo yenza kube nzima ukuthi imibhikisho yenzeke ezindaweni zomphakathi, singabona ngenani lemibhikisho yabasebenzi ukuthi kunzima kakhulu ngamaphoyisa ukugada izinkulungwane zezindawo zokusebenza lapho intukuthelo evuthayo ivame ukuvutha.
Ubuthakathaka balezi zenzo zasemsebenzini ngamunye, ukuthi azihlanganiswa nezinye izindawo zokusebenza futhi azixhumene nezimfuno zenhlalo nentando yeningi zabantu bonke.
Uma lezi zinselelo zokwandisa ukwesekwa zingahlangatshezwana nazo, abasebenzi bazifaka engozini yokuzikhandla, babe bodwa kwezombusazwe futhi, ngenxa yalokho, babe sengcupheni yokuqhubeka nodlame lwamaphoyisa.
Ukuhlanganisa imizabalazo yezomnotho yabasebenzi kanye nokulwela intando yeningi kanye nobulungiswa bezenhlalakahle kungenziwa. Phela abasebenzi benze isiteleka esikhulu kunazo zonke emlandweni waseGibhithe ukuphendula ukuhlasela kwamaphoyisa ababhikishi ngesikhathi belwa noMubarak.
Ezingxoxweni eziningi nami emahoreni angemva kokuwa kukaMubarak lapho ngiqala ukufika eCairo, izishoshovu zentando yeningi ezisencane zazibika ngobuso obumamathekayo ukuthi ngemva kokuvukela kuka-Jan. 25, 2011 kwaqala kanjani โabasebenzi balinda izinsuku ezimbalwa kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwenyanga lapho babekhokhelwa ngaphambi kokugcwala eTahrirโ futhi bavala izindawo zokusebenza ezweni lonke.
Le-anecdote efanayo yaphindwa kimi ngenjabulo izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa yizishoshovu ezisencane eziziqhenyayo nezijabulayo ngemva kokunqoba. Kwavunywa ngokusobala ukuthi ukubamba iqhaza kwabasebenzi nentsha kanye nezishoshovu zentando yeningi kwaba yinguquko kuguquko โlwesinkwa, inkululeko kanye nobulungiswa bezenhlalakahle.โ
Intsha yaseGibhithe isikhumbula kahle lesi sikhathi soshintsho. Manje sekuyisikhathi sokuthi abaholi bezisebenzi nabo basikhumbule.
UCarl Finamore uyi-Machinist Lodge 1781 isithunywa kuSan Francisco Labor Council, AFL-CIO. Efika eCairo emahoreni ambalwa nje uHosni Mubarak eketulwe esikhundleni, usebone eduze ngesikhathi evakashele kathathu isibindi sabantu baseGibhithe. Angafinyelelwa ku [i-imeyili ivikelwe]
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1 Amazwana
Yebo, umnotho.
Futhi umnotho uwubunxiwankulu bobushiqela .
Awukwazi ukuguqula ubunxiwankulu , ubunxiwankulu bunamandla kubo uqobo futhi buyazivikela, buyonakalisa kanye nencazelo yobushiqela.
Umphathi wakho ulawula isici esibaluleke kakhulu sempilo yakho ngokuphelele futhi ngaphandle kokubuza kuwe, isisebenzi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuSulumane buwubushiqela kuzo zonke izinkolo -abunakubuzwa futhi ukufa kungaba isijeziso sokuhlubuka noma ukungakholwa .
AmaSulumane ama-Fundamentalist / primitive awanaki ukulinda ukuthi u-Allah avakashele isijeziso kwabangakholwayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhulumeni wase-Egypt kanye namanye amazwe anamasiko afanayo BAHLALE benohulumeni wobushiqela . Yilokho abakufuna ABANINGI, abakuhloniphayo futhi abajwayele ukuba nakho.
Okokugcina umndeni wenuzi olawulwa ngamadoda okuthi kwamanye alawa masiko akudala njenge-Egypt aphumele EKUPHOQENI I-FGM ( ukucwiywa kwezitho zangasese zowesifazane ) emadodakazini ngomyalo womzali oyedwa noma bobabili . E-Egypt izinga le-FGM lilinganiselwa ku-90%.
Angiyiboni i-Egypt yentando yeningi , i-Tunisia, i-Libya, i-Iraq, i-Afghanistan nanoma yiluphi uhlobo olubucayi lwentando yeningi luthuthuka kunoma yimaphi amazwe asendulo amaSulumane (okungaba iningi lawo.)
Noma yisiphi isibalo sabantu njengase-Iran, e-Egypt nase-US ngokwesibonelo sonke esinezimiso zobushiqela ezimiswe ngokuqinile njengezinsika ezine zomphakathi : inkolo, uhulumeni, ukwakheka komndeni kanye nomnotho AKUCABANGA ngisho nangenqubo yentando yeningi njengefiselekayo .