Okuningi kunamashumi amane eminyaka adlule ngaya esidlweni sasemini nosomlando wobunxusa, njengami, owayedlula emibhalweni ehlobene neKorea eNdaweni Yomlando Kazwelonke eWashington. Uke waphawula ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi wayezibuza ukuthi ingabe i-Korean Demilitarized Zone ingase ibe yiziro ekupheleni komhlaba. Kulo Ephreli, uKim In-ryong, inxusa laseNyakatho Korea e-UN, uxwayise 'ngesimo esiyingozi lapho kungase kuqubuke impi ye-thermonuclear noma nini'. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, uMongameli Trump utshele iReuters ukuthi 'singagcina sinengxabano enkulu, enkulu neNyakatho Korea.' Ososayensi basemkhathini baseMelika bakhombisile ukuthi ngisho nempi yenuzi equkethwe kuqhathaniswa ingaphonsa inhlabathi nemfucumfucu eyanele ukuze isongele abantu bomhlaba wonke: 'Impi yesifunda phakathi kweNdiya nePakistan, ngokwesibonelo, inamandla okulimaza kakhulu iYurophu, i-US nezinye izifunda. ngokulahleka kwe-ozone emhlabeni wonke kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.' Kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi size kulokhu? Kwenzeka kanjani ukuba umgadli ozikhukhumezayo, ongenangqondo, wonke amanye amagama angaba amanga (lokho kusebenza kubo bobabili, uTrump noKim Jong-un), akezi nje kuphela ukuzobamba ukuthula kwezwe ezandleni zakhe kodwa mhlawumbe ikusasa leplanethi? Sifike kuleli qophelo ngenxa yokungafuni kwabantu baseMelika ukubuka umlando ebusweni kanye nokugxila okufana ne-laser kulowo mlando ofanayo ngabaholi baseNyakatho Korea.
INyakatho Korea igubhe iminyaka engama-85 kwasungulwa iButho Labantu LaseKorea ngomhla zingama-25 kuMbasa, phakathi nokusakazwa kwethelevishini ubusuku nemini ngamamade ePyongyang kanye nokushuba kwesimo emhlabeni jikelele. Ayikho intatheli eyabonakala inentshisekelo yokubuza ukuthi kungani kwakuwumkhosi weminyaka engu-85 lapho iDemocratic People's Republic of Korea yasungulwa ngo-1948. Okwakubungazwa ngempela kwakuwukuqala komzabalazo wamavukelambuso waseKorea owawulwa namaJapane enyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina, owaqokwa ngokusemthethweni. 25 April 1932. Ngemva kokuba iJapane ithathe iKorea ngo-1910, abantu abaningi baseKorea babaleka bawela umngcele, phakathi kwabo kwakukhona abazali bakaKim Il-sung, kodwa kwaze kwaba yilapho iJapane isungula isimo sayo seManchukuo ngoMashi 1932 lapho inhlangano yenkululeko yaphendukela khona. ukumelana nezikhali. UKim nozakwabo baqala umkhankaso owadonsa iminyaka engu-13 enzima, kwaze kwaba yilapho iJapane yagcina ihoxile ekulawuleni iKorea njengengxenye yemigomo ka-1945 yokuzinikela. Lona ngumthombo wokuba semthethweni kobuholi baseNyakatho Korea emehlweni abantu bakhona: bangamavukelambuso aphikisana nombusi wezwe labo; baphinde bamelana nalapho ukuhlasela okukhulu kwebutho lasemoyeni lase-US phakathi neMpi YaseKorea kucekela phansi wonke amadolobha abo, kwenza abantu baphila, basebenze futhi bafunde ezindaweni zokukhosela ezingaphansi komhlaba; baye baqhubeka nokumelana ne-US kusukela ngaleso sikhathi; futhi baze bamelana nokuwa kobukhomanisi baseNtshonalanga - kusukela ngalo Septhemba, i-DPRK izobe ikhona isikhathi eside njengeSoviet Union. Kodwa lincane izwe lamaKhomanisi kunesifunda esineziboshwa, ngokungafani nanoma yiliphi izwe elike labonwa. Njengoba lithathwe kubantu abayizigidi ezingu-25 nje kuphela, ibutho laseNyakatho Korea lingelesine ngobukhulu emhlabeni, linamasosha ayizigidi ezingu-1.3 - ngemuva kancane kwebutho lesithathu ngobukhulu, elinamasosha ayizigidi ezingu-1.4, okwenzeka okwaseMelika. Iningi labantu abadala baseKorea, abesilisa nabesifazane, bachithe iminyaka eminingi kuleli butho: izindawo ezigciniwe zalo zilinganiselwe kuphela ngobukhulu besibalo sabantu.
Indaba yokumelana kukaKim Il-sung ngokumelene namaJapane izungezwe inganekwane nehaba eNyakatho, kanye nokuphika okuvamile eNingizimu. Kodwa wayeyiqhawe elibonakalayo: walwela iminyaka eyishumi endaweni yasebusika enzima kakhulu ongayicabanga, amazinga okushisa ngezinye izikhathi ehla aze afike ku-50ยฐ ngaphansi kweziro. Umfundaze wakamuva ubonise ukuthi amaKorea akha inqwaba yabashokobezi eManchukuo, nakuba iningi labo laliqondiswa izikhulu zamaShayina (uKim wayeyilungu leQembu LamaKhomanisi LaseShayina). Abanye abashokobezi baseKorea nabo bahola amaviyo - phakathi kwabo uChoe Yong-gon, uKim Chaek noChoe Hyon - kwathi lapho bebuyela ePyongyang ngo-1945 bakha umnyombo wombuso omusha. Inzalo yabo manje isihlanganisa inqwaba yabantu abayizicukuthwane - indoda yesibili kuhulumeni namuhla, u-Choe Ryong-hae, uyindodana ka-Choe Hyon.
Isithunzi sikaKim sathuthukiswa ngokungazi ngamaJapane, amaphephandaba awo enza impinda yempi phakathi kwakhe nama-quislings aseKorea amaJapane ayeqashwe ukuba alandele umkhondo nokumbulala, wonke esebenza ngaphansi komyalo kaGeneral Nozoe Shotoku, owayephethe i-Imperial Army's '. I-Special Kim Division'. Ngo-April 1940 amabutho kaNozoe athumba uKim Hye-sun, okwakucatshangwa ukuthi wayengunkosikazi wokuqala kaKim; amaJapane azama kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya ukumsebenzisa ukuze ahunge uKim lapho ecashe khona, base bembulala. UMaeda Takashi uphethe olunye uphiko lwamaphoyisa akhethekile aseJapan, namaKorea amaningi kulo; ngo-March 1940 amabutho akhe ahlaselwa abashokobezi bakaKim, izinhlangothi zombili zalimala kakhulu. UMaeda wajaha uKim cishe amasonto amabili, ngaphambi kokuba awele ogibeni. UKim wajikijela abashokobezi abangu-250 emasosha angu-150 ophikweni lukaMaeda, wabulala uMaeda, 58 waseJapan, nabanye abangu-17 ababengamalungu embuthweni, wathatha iziboshwa ezingu-13 nenqwaba yezikhali nezinhlamvu.
Ngo-September 1939, lapho uHitler ehlasela iPoland, amaJapane ahlanganisa lokho isazi uDae-Sook Suh esikuchaze ngokuthi 'uhambo olukhulu lokujezisa' olwaluhlanganisa izimpi eziyisithupha zeButho Lempi YaseJapane Kwantung kanye namadoda ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili eButho LaseManchurian kanye nombutho wamaphoyisa. umkhankaso wezinyanga eziyisithupha wokucindezela abashokobezi oholwa nguKim noCh'oe Hyon. Ngo-September 1940 ibutho elikhulu nakakhulu laqala umkhankaso wokulwa nabashokobezi baseShayina nabaseKorea: 'Umkhankaso wokujezisa wenziwa unyaka nezinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kuka-March 1941,' kubhala uSuh, 'nabaphangi, ngaphandle kwalabo ababeholwa. UKim Il-sung, baqothulwa ngokuphelele. Abaholi bezigebengu badutshulwe bafa noma baphoqwa ukuba bazithobe.' Umuntu obalulekile emzamweni omude wokulwa nokuvukela umbuso waseJapan kwakunguKishi Nobusuke, owazakhela igama eqhuba izimboni zezikhali. Ebizwa ngokuthi isigebengu sezempi se-Class A ngesikhathi sokubusa kwe-US, u-Kishi wagwema ukuboshwa futhi waba ngomunye wabasunguli be-Japan yangemva kwempi kanye nenhlangano yayo ebusa isikhathi eside, i-Liberal Democratic Party; wayengundunankulu kabili phakathi kuka-1957 no-1960. Undunankulu wamanje waseJapane, u-Abe Shinzo, ungumzukulu kaKishi futhi umhlonipha ngaphezu kwabo bonke abanye abaholi baseJapane. UTrump wayedla isidlo sakusihlwa e-Mar-a-Lago no-Abe ngomhlaka-11 kuFebhuwari lapho umlayezo oqondile ufika maphakathi nesidlo, ngesizotha sikaPyongyang: usanda kuhlola ngempumelelo umcibisholo omusha, oqinile, odutshulwe kusiqalisi seselula. UKim Il-sung noKishi bahlangana futhi ngabazukulu babo. Sekudlule amashumi ayisishiyagalombili eminyaka, futhi ubutha obubi, obungenakulungiseka phakathi kweNyakatho Korea neJapan zisalenga emoyeni.
ENtshonalanga, ukwelashwa kweNyakatho Korea kuhlangothi olulodwa futhi kuwumlando. Akekho nowaqondisa kahle amagama. Ngesikhathi u-Abe evakashele eFlorida, uTrump wambiza ngokuthi 'uNdunankulu uShinzo'. Ngo-29 Ephreli, u-Ana Navarro, umhlaziyi ovelele ku-CNN, wathi: 'Umfana omncane u-Un uyi-maniac.' Ukwenziwa amadimoni kweNyakatho Korea kweqa imigqa yeqembu, kudonsela ezithombeni eziningi zokucwasa ngokwebala kanye nezaseMpumalanga; akekho ozimisele ukwamukela ukuthi abaseNyakatho Korea bangase babe nezizathu ezizwakalayo zokungayamukeli incazelo yaseMelika yeqiniso. Ukwenqaba kwabo umbono womhlaba waseMelika - ngokuvamile okubhekwa njengokunganaki, ngisho nokudelela lapho bebhekene namandla amakhulu ase-US - kwenza iNorth Korea ibonakale ingenangqondo, ingakwazi ukuyilawula, ngakho-ke iyingozi kakhulu.
Kepha uma abahlaziyi baseMelika kanye nosopolitiki bengenalwazi ngomlando waseKorea, kufanele okungenani bazi owabo. Ukuzibandakanya kwe-US eKorea kwaqala ngasekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili, lapho abahleli boMnyango Wezwe besaba ukuthi amasosha aseSoviet, ayengena engxenyeni esenyakatho yenhlonhlo, azofika namavukelambuso aseKorea angaba yizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amathathu abekade elwa namaJapane. enyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina. Baqala ukucabangela umsebenzi ogcwele wezempi owawuzoqinisekisa ukuthi iMelika inezwi elinamandla ezindabeni zaseKorea zangemva kwempi. Kungase kube umsebenzi omfushane noma, njengoba iphepha lokwaziswa likubeka, kungase kube 'owesikhathi eside'; iphuzu eliyinhloko laliwukuthi awekho amanye amandla okufanele abe nendima eKorea kangangokuthi 'amandla alinganayo e-US' azoncishiswa abe 'iphuzu lapho ukusebenza kwawo kungaba buthaka'. ICongress kanye nabantu baseMelika babengazi lutho ngalokhu. Abahleli abaningana kwakungama-Japanophiles ayengakaze aphikise izimangalo zamakoloni e-Japan e-Korea futhi manje ayenethemba lokwakha kabusha i-Japan enokuthula nekhululekile yangemva kwempi. Babekhathazekile ngokuthi ukuhlasela kweSoviet eKorea kwakuzowubhuntshisa lowo mgomo futhi kulimaze ukuphepha kwangemva kwempi kwasePacific. Ngemva kwalokhu kunengqondo, ngosuku lwangemva kokuchithwa kweNagasaki, uJohn J. McCloy woMnyango Wezempi wacela uDean Rusk nozakwabo ukuba baye ehhovisi eliyisipele bacabange ngendlela yokuhlukanisa iKorea. Bakhetha i-38th parallel, kwathi emasontweni amathathu kamuva amasosha angama-25,000 aseMelika angena eningizimu yeKorea ukuzosungula uhulumeni wezempi.
Kwathatha iminyaka emithathu. Ukuze baqhubekisele phambili umsebenzi wabo, abantu baseMelika baqasha bonke abantu abagcina beqashwe amaJapan ababengabathola, okuhlanganisa nezikhulu zamasosha aseJapan ezifana noPark Chung Hee noKim Chae-gyu, bobabili abaphothula esikoleni samasosha aseMelika eSeoul ngo-1946. (Ngemva kokuthatha umbuso kwamasosha ngo-1961 uPark waba umongameli waseNingizimu Korea, okwathatha iminyaka eyishumi nesigamu kwaze kwaba yilapho owayefunda naye ekilasini uKim, owayeyinhloko ye-Korean Central Intelligence Agency, emdubula washona ngesikhathi sokudla kwakusihlwa ngobunye ubusuku.) Ngemva kokuba amaMelika ehambile. ngo-1948 indawo yomngcele ezungeze i-38th parallel yayingaphansi komyalo kaKim Sok-won, omunye owayeyisikhulu se-Imperial Army, futhi akumangazi ukuthi ngemva kochungechunge lokungena kweNingizimu Korea eNyakatho, impi yombango egcwele. kwaqubuka mhla zingama-25 kuNhlangulana 1950. Ngaphakathi eNingizimu uqobo - abaholi bayo bazizwa bengaphephile futhi belwazi usongo lwalokho ababekubiza ngokuthi 'umoya wasenyakatho' - kwakukhona udlame lombuso olubhekiswe kunoma ubani owayengase ahlotshaniswe kwesokunxele noma ubukhomanisi. Isazi-mlando u-Hun Joon Kim uthole ukuthi okungenani abantu abangu-300,000 baboshwa futhi babulawa noma bavele banyamalala nguhulumeni waseNingizimu Korea ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala kuqale impi evamile. Umsebenzi wami kanye nokaJohn Merrill ukhombisa ukuthi endaweni ethile kwafa abantu abaphakathi kuka-100,000 no-200,000 ngenxa yodlame lwezombangazwe. ngaphambi NgoJuni 1950, ezandleni zikahulumeni waseNingizimu Korea noma amabutho ase-US. Encwadini yakhe yakamuva Impi Ebuhlungu YaseKorea, ehlanganisa ucwaningo lwemibhalo egciniwe, amarekhodi amathuna amaningi kanye nezingxoxo nezihlobo zabashonile nababalekela e-Osaka, uSu-kyoung Hwang ubhala ngokubulawa kwabantu abaningi emadolobhaneni asogwini oluseningizimu.๏ผ Ngamafuphi, iRiphabhulikhi yaseKorea yayingomunye womashiqela ochitha igazi kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuqala seMpi Yomshoshaphansi; abaningi abaphehli bezibhicongo babekhonze amaJapane emsebenzini wabo ongcolile - base bebuyiselwa emandleni ngabaseMelika.
Abantu baseMelika bathanda ukuzibona beyizibukeli nje emlandweni waseKorea wangemva kwempi. Kuhlala kuchazwa ngezwi lokungenzi lutho: 'IKorea yahlukaniswa ngo-1945,' kungashiwongo ukuthi uMcCloy noRusk, amadoda amabili anethonya elikhulu kunqubomgomo yezangaphandle yangemva kwempi, badweba umugqa wabo ngaphandle kokubonisana namuntu. Kwakukhona ukuketulwa umbuso kabili kwezempi eNingizimu ngenkathi i-US yayilawula ukusebenza kwebutho laseKorea, ngo-1961 no-1980; abantu baseMelika bema bengenzi lutho funa basolwe ngokugxambukela kwezombusazwe zaseKorea. Intando yeningi yaseNingizimu Korea ezinzile kanye nomnotho oqhakazile kusukela ngo-1988 kuya phambili kubukeka sengathi kwasichitha noma yisiphi isidingo sokuvuma iminyaka engamashumi amane edlule yomlando, lapho iNyakatho yayingasho ngokunengqondo ukuthi ukuzimela kwayo kwakudingeka ukulwa nokubusa kwezempi eSeoul. Kusemongweni wamanje kuphela lapho iNyakatho ibukeka kahle kakhulu njenge-anachronism ehambayo, okubi kakhulu njengokucindezela okunonya. Sekuyiminyaka engu-25 manje umhlaba uphathwa ngokwesabisa ngezikhali zenuzi zaseNyakatho Korea, kodwa akukho muntu oveza ukuthi yi-US eyafaka izikhali zenuzi e-peninsula yaseKorea, ngo-1958; amakhulu agcinwa lapho kwaze kwaba yilapho ukubuyiselwa emuva komhlaba wonke kwama-nukes ahlakaniphile kwenzeka ngaphansi kukaGeorge HW Bush. Kodwa bonke abaphathi baseMelika kusukela ngo-1991 baphonsele inselelo iNorth Korea ngezindiza ezivamile zamabhomu anamandla enuzi endaweni yezindiza yaseNingizimu Korea, futhi noma yiluphi usuku lwesonto umkhumbi-ngwenya wezinga lase-Ohio ungabhidliza iNyakatho emahoreni ambalwa. Namuhla kunamasosha angu-28,000 ase-US amiswe eKorea, aqhubekisela phambili ukungaboni ngaso linye okungenakunqotshwa neNyakatho enekhono lenuzi. Impela lo msebenzi uphenduke 'wesikhathi eside', kodwa uphinde waba umphumela wokwehluleka okukhulu kwamasu, manje okungena eshumini lesishiyagalombili leminyaka. Kujwayelekile ukuthi ochwepheshe bathi iWashington ayikwazi ukuyithatha ngokungathi sรญna iNorth Korea, kepha iNorth Korea isithathe izinyathelo zayo izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa. Futhi ayazi ukuthi iphendule kanjani.
Ukuzwa uTrump nethimba lakhe lezokuphepha kuzwelonke bekusho lokhu, inkinga ekhona manje isiqhamuke ngoba iNorth Korea isemaphethelweni okuthuthukisa i-ICBM engathinta inhliziyo yaseMelika. Ochwepheshe abaningi bacabanga ukuthi kuzothatha iminyaka emine noma emihlanu ukusebenza - kodwa empeleni, kwenza muphi umehluko? INorth Korea yahlola i-rocket yayo yokuqala yebanga elide ngo-1998, ukugubha iminyaka engu-50 kwasungulwa i-DPRK. I-missile yokuqala yebanga eliphakathi yahlolwa ngo-1992: yandizela amamayela angamakhulu ambalwa yehla futhi yashaya ithagethi khona kanye ekhaleni. I-North Korea manje isinemicibisholo ecitshwayo yebanga eliphakathi ethuthuke kakhulu esebenzisa uphethiloli oqinile, okuyenza kube nzima ukuyithola futhi kulula ukuyidubula. Abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingamakhulu amabili eKorea naseJapane bangaphakathi kohlu lwale micibisholo, ingasaphathwa engamakhulu ezigidi zamaShayina, ingasaphathwa eyodwa ingxenye ye-US Marine emiswe unomphela phesheya, e-Okinawa. Akucaci ukuthi iNorth Korea ingakwazi ukufaka izikhali zenuzi kunoma yimiphi imicibisholo yayo - kodwa uma kwenzeka, futhi uma iqhunyiswa intukuthelo, izwe lizoguqulwa ngokushesha libe yilokho uColin Powell akubiza ngenkumbulo 'nge-charcoal briquette'. .
Kusukela ekuqaleni, inqubomgomo yaseMelika iye yazungeza imenyu yezinketho zokuzama ukulawula i-DPRK: unswinyo, olukhona kusukela ngo-1950, ngaphandle kobufakazi bemiphumela emihle; ukungaqashelwa, endaweni kusukela ngo-1948, futhi ngaphandle kwemiphumela emihle; ukushintsha kombuso, okwazama ngasekupheleni kuka-1950 lapho amabutho ase-US ehlasela iNyakatho, kodwa agcina esempini neChina; kanye nezingxoxo eziqondile, okuwukuphela kwendlela eyake yasebenza, eyakhiqiza ukushuba kwesimo seminyaka eyisishiyagalombili - phakathi kuka-1994 no-2002 - kuzo zonke izakhiwo ze-plutonium zaseNyakatho, futhi yacishe yaphumelela ukuhoxisa imicibisholo yabo. Ngomhla lu-1 kuNhlaba, uDonald Trump watshela i-Bloomberg News: 'Uma kungaba kuhle ukuthi ngihlangane no- [Kim Jong-un], ngingaba; Ngingahlonishwa ngokukwenza.' Akukho okushiwo ukuthi lokhu bekubucayi, noma omunye umzamo kaTrump wokubamba izihloko. Kepha noma ngabe yini enye angahle abe yiyo, ngokungangabazeki ungumkhohlisi, umongameli wokuqala kusukela ngo-1945 engakaze abonakale eBeltway. Mhlawumbe angahlala phansi noMnuz Kim basindise iplanethi.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela
1 Amazwana
Labo abadinga ukuhlaliswa phansi futhi baqondwe ukuthi kufanele bayeke ukudala izingxabano nodlame baseMelika. Abantu kufanele babone ukuthi i-US kufanele iphikiswe futhi iyekwe, akumele kukhathaze ukuthi kukhona umuntu obonakala ephilile phambi kwayo. Ukuzama ukulungisa noma ukuchaza ulaka lwase-US kuyayisekela.