Phakathi ne-Intifada Yesibili, njengoba ibutho lakwa-Israyeli lalibulala izinkulungwane zabantu basePalestine emzamweni walo wokucindezela ukuvukela, ngangiyingxenye yenhlangano yentsha yakwa-Israyeli namasosha ayenqaba ukuya empini. Kusukela ngineminyaka engu-18 kuya kwengu-20, ngachitha izinyanga ezingu-21 ngiboshiwe futhi ngisejele, kanye nabanye abaningi, ngokubhikisha lomsebenzi kanye nezinqubomgomo zawo ezinonya. Bekungomunye wemikhankaso emikhulu ye ukwenqaba ukuya empini ngenxa kanembeza okwabonwa kwa-Israyeli - okwathi, kuze kube muva nje, kubonakala kungenakwenzeka kakhulu ukuthi kwenzeke ngezinga elinjalo futhi.
Nokho, emasontweni amabili edlule, futhi ngokokuqala ngqa emashumini amabili eminyaka, ukunyakaza okusha kwabenqaba ibutho lakwa-Israyeli. sekuvele ngokumelene nohulumeni wakwesokudla, oholwa nguBenjamin Netanyahu, njengoba uqhubekisela phambili inqwaba yemithetho emelene nentando yeningi. Imithetho ehlongozwayo, echazwa โnjengokuketulwa kombusoโ ngabaphikisi, izoba buthaka kakhulu izinkantolo zezwe, enikeza umfelandawonye obusayo amandla angenamkhawulo. Ngenkathi kunomthelela kumalungelo abesifazane, abantu be-LGBTQ, abantu bezwe, nabanye abancane, ngamaPalestine nhlangothi zombili zeGreen Line azobhekana ubuhlungu obukhulu kakhulu womthetho.
Ngokumelene nalokhu kusongela okuseduze, izinkulungwane zamasosha akwa-Israel kanye namasosha aphethe izikhali zenze izitatimende esidlangalaleni zimemezela inhloso yazo yokwenqaba ukuya empini uma umthetho kahulumeni uphasiswa. Omunye onjalo isitatimende yayinamasosha aqashiwe angaphezu kuka-250, wonke avela ophikweni olukhethekile lwezempi, ethi umthetho uhlose "ukwenza igatsha lezobulungiswa libe igatsha lezombusazwe nelingenalo ukuzimela, ngamanye amazwi kuphele intando yeningi yakwa-Israel." Okwesibili, okufanayo isitatimende ukwenqaba kwathola amasignesha angaphezu kuka-500 amasosha agciniwe, wonke asuka โku-Unit 8200,โ uphiko lwezobunhloli oluvame ukuqhathaniswa ne-US National Security Agency.
Khonamanjalo, ngokwemibiko yabezindaba, cishe zonke ibutho lamasosha akwa-Israel - okuhlanganisa nama-commandos e-Sayeret Matkal namanye amabutho aphakeme - abhekene nokuvukela ngaphakathi. Kubikwa ukuthi amaqembu ezingxoxo angaphakathi ebutho agcwele amasosha athi ala noma azonqaba ukusebenza uma ukuketulwa kwenkantolo kuphumelela. Ukungaboni ngaso linye embuthweni wezomoya - okungenye yezinhlaka ezihlonishwa kakhulu embuthweni wakwa-Israel - kube yinto ekhathaza kakhulu ubuholi bezempi, ngokusho kombiko. imibiko yabezindaba.
Emlayezweni weqembu langaphakathi le-WhatsApp lebutho lomoya kucashunwe e-Haaretz, ngokwesibonelo, omunye umshayeli wendiza wamemezela ukuthi esikhundleni sokusebenza usuku olulodwa ngesonto njengesosha lesiqiwu, manje uzosebenzisa lolo suku ukuze abhikishe ngokumelene nohulumeni. Omunye owenqabayo omusha uthe uma lo mthetho uvunywa, ikhono lebutho lokubhekana nezinsongo zokuphepha "lizokonakala, ngaphandle kokungabaza," egcizelela ukuthi "Kunezinyunithi eziphelele, ikakhulukazi endaweni yezobunhloli kodwa nasendaweni yezobuchwepheshe, kuncike enkonzweni yokubhuka unyaka wonke.โ NgeSonto, cishe bonke abashayeli bezindiza be-squadron 69, elinye lamaqembu aphezulu kakhulu embuthweni wezomoya, limenyezelwe kubaphathi bawo ukuthi nabo, benqabe ukukhonza uma izinhlelo zokwahlulela ziqhubeka.
Amathuba okuphumelela
Noma u-Heler, intatheli yezempi yezindaba ze-Channel 13 obelokhu ekhuluma ngentuthuko yamanje, waxwayiswa ukuthi lokhu kuvukela okungokomlando kubeka engcupheni amasosha akwa-Israyeli โenkingeni engakaze ibonwe.โ Uqinisile. Futhi emzabalazweni olwela ukuqeda ukubusa kwa-Israyeli phezu kwabantu basePalestine, le nkinga iveza umzuzwana wethuba elingakaze libonwe ngaphambili.
Cishe wonke ama-Israyeli angamaJuda anjalo ababuthiwe embuthweni eneminyaka engu-18, amadoda asebenza izinyanga ezingu-32 nabesifazane izinyanga ezingu-24. Ngokuphawulekayo, nokho, cishe wonke ama-Israyeli abamba iqhaza kuleli gagasi lokwenqaba lamanje angamasosha agcinwe - ama-Israyeli amadala aqhubeka nokusebenza empini inyanga eyodwa njalo ngonyaka, noma usuku olulodwa ngesonto iminyaka eminingi, ngokuvamile kuze kube yiminyaka yobudala. 40.
La masosha aseziqiwini abizelwa ukuqeqeshwa njalo futhi abuthwa ngamanani amakhulu ngezikhathi zempi. Kodwa ibutho liphinde lithembele kulamasosha ekwenzeni imisebenzi yawo yansuku zonke, ikakhulukazi emikhakheni edinga ukuqeqeshwa okude nolwazi lwezobuchwepheshe, njengokuqoqwa kwezobunhloli kanye nombutho wasemoyeni. Ngaphandle kwabo, ibutho alikwazi ukusebenza.
Igagasi elisha lokwenqaba liyavela phakathi kwe-a umkhankaso omkhulu yemibhikisho emikhulu kanye nezenzo zokumelana nomphakathi kulo lonke elakwa-Israyeli ngokumelene nohulumeni. Ababhikishi bavale imigwaqo emikhulu neziteshi zezitimela emadolobheni amakhulu akwa-Israyeli; uzungezwe futhi wazama ngaphandle kobudlova agqekeze eKnesset ngesikhathi sezingxoxo zephalamende ngomthetho; babambe isiteleka sikazwelonke; futhi bahlela amamashi amasonto onke akhiphe amakhulu ezinkulungwane emigwaqweni njalo ngoMgqibelo.
Njengoba zibalulekile isenzo sezomnothos ezithathwe ngaphansi kwesibhengezo salo mnyakazo: Izakhamizi zakwa-Israel kanye nezinkampani ziye zaphuma esidlangalaleni emnothweni wakwa-Israel, zathengisa imali yazo yakwa-Israel namasheya futhi zathenga ezakwamanye amazwe. Umphumela we-ripple ube yimpumelelo: phakathi noFebhuwari, ishekeli lakwa-Israel lehle ngamaphesenti angu-10 ngokumelene nedola, futhi izingqapheli eziningi zixwayisa ngokulimala okuqhubekayo komnotho kanye nokuhamba kwemali.
Njengomcwaningi mayelana nokuphikiswa komphakathi - ukusetshenziswa kweziteleka, ukuduba, imibhikisho emikhulu, nezinye izenzo ezingenabudlova ukuze kuhoxiswe ukubambisana emibusweni yengcindezelo - emikhankasweni yobulungiswa bomhlaba wonke, ngingasho ngokuphepha ukuthi leli zinga lokubandakanyeka emikhankasweni yokumelana nomphakathi alinakuqhathaniswa nakwa-Israel. umlando.
Ngokwezilinganiso zabezindaba, amaphesenti amabili kuya kwamane abantu bakwa-Israel (phakathi kuka-2 no-4) abambe iqhaza okungenani emibhikishweni emithathu ephakeme nezinsuku zesiteleka ezweni lonke. Akukaze kwenzeke ngaphambili ukuthi inhlangano yakwa-Israeli ifake isilinganiso esinjalo sokubamba iqhaza, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo isebenzise ukumelana nomphakathi njengeqhinga layo eliyinhloko.
Ngamazinga anjalo okubamba iqhaza okusebenzayo ngokuvamile abonisa amathuba aphezulu okuphumelela, lezi yizindaba ezibalulekile. Imikhankaso yokumelana nomphakathi ingaba nomthelela woguquko, njengoba izibonelo zomlando wakamuva zibonisa: ukuxoshwa kukaMongameli Slobodan Miloลกeviฤ yizakhamuzi zaseSerbia ngo-2000; ukuvukela okwaholela ekubuyiselweni kwentando yeningi eNepal ngo-2006; ukuketulwa kwababusi abangondlovukayiphikiswa eTunisia naseGibhithe ngo-2011; ukuvinjwa kweWorld Trade Organisation, International Monetary Fund, kanye nezingqungquthela zeG8/G20; kanye nezenzo zomnyakazo wobulungiswa besimo sezulu njenge-Extinction Rebellion, i-Just Stop Oil, kanye ne-Sunrise Movement.
Ukuqala ngezincane
Nokho njengoba imibhikisho yakwa-Israel ibe yimpumelelo ekuhlanganiseni abantu, abanye baphinde baxwaye ukuthi baphuthelwa wudaba olubalulekile. Abagxeki khomba kahle ukuthi iningi labantu namaqembu ahola umbutho wamanje ophikisayo - okuhlanganisa nemikhankaso yokwenqaba amasosha - ikakhulukazi agxile imiyalezo yabo emthelela izinhlelo zikahulumeni ezizoba nawo kumaJuda akwa-Israel kanye nakwa-Israyeli, kuyilapho ungaziba amashumi eminyaka ezinqubomgomo ezimelene nentando yeningi kanye nobandlululo ezenziwa yibo bonke ohulumeni bangaphambili ngokumelene namaPalestine.
Lezi zigxeko zibalulekile futhi zisemthethweni. Kodwa-ke, bobabili osomaqhinga nochwepheshe bezinhlangano zokumelana nomphakathi bagcizelela ukuthi imikhankaso eyimpumelelo kuwo wonke umlando ivame ukugxila ezidingweni "ezincane" noma "ezingokomfanekiso" ezisize ukwenza ukungabi nabulungiswa okukhulu kubonakale ezingxenyeni ezinkulu zomphakathi jikelele. Isibonelo, umkhankaso owawusabalele kakhulu wenhlangano yama-Indian anti-colonial wawugxile ekulweni nentela yaseBrithani ekukhiqizweni kukasawoti, esikhundleni sokubusa kwawo wonke amakholoni. Inhlangano yamalungelo abantu yaseMelika nayo yaba sematheni kuzwelonke ngomkhankaso ongagxili emalungelweni okuvota kuqala, kodwa ekuhlukaniseni izinto zokuhamba zomphakathi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, emakhulwini ezinkulungwane zama-Israel, abancane nabadala, ukubamba iqhaza kulo mbutho wokubhikisha cishe kuzoba yinto eyakhayo impilo yabo yonke. Futhi njengoba sibonile ngamagagasi adlule okwenqaba kwebutho, isenzo sokudelela amasosha - esinye sezikhungo ezibaluleke kakhulu emphakathini wakwa-Israel kanye nobunikazi bezwe - ngokuvamile kungaba yisinyathelo esikhulu kuma-Israel ekulahleni imikhuba ye-hegemonic lapho akhuliswa khona. , ekugcineni kuholele ekubunjweni kabusha okuphelele kokubuka kwabo umhlaba. Kuyasitshela ukuthi abaningi emphakathini omncane wezishoshovu zakwa-Israel ukuthi namuhla banikela ngezimpilo zabo ekulweni nokudlwengulwa kanye nobandlululo lwaqala njengabancane abenqaba amasosha noma abagodla amasosha abenqaba amagagasi adlule.
Ngakho-ke yebo, kuyakhathaza ukuthi izigidi zamaJuda akwa-Israel manje zibona okokuqala ngqa ukuthi amabutho ezwe anobuzwe obukhulu kanye nenkolo enkulu ayingozi ekhona emphakathini, okuhlanganisa nezigidi zabantu basePalestine abangaphansi kombuso wakwa-Israel. Sekushiwo lokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kungcono kunanini ngaphambili, futhi leli gagasi lokwenqaba nokubhikisha kusengadala ushintsho olujulile emphakathini wakwa-Israel. Nakuba kungase kuthathe iminyaka ukufinyelela phezulu futhi kubunjwe izinqubomgomo zesikhathi eside, lesi sikhathi sokwenqaba okukhulu kanye nokuphikiswa komphakathi kungaba nenguquko njengenhlangano yama-Israel eyavela ngesikhathi se-Second Intifada, impi yaseLebanon ka-1982, kanye ne-Yom Kippur ka-1973. Impi.
Njengoba sibhekene naleli gagasi lokwenqaba nokumelana, indima yabantu emhlabeni wonke abamelene nokuqashwa kwama-Israel kanye nobandlululo - okuhlanganisa nezinkulungwane zamalungu e-Refuser Solidarity Network, engiyingxenye yawo - iphindwe kabili.
Okokuqala, ngenkathi abakwa-Israel bezabalaza ngaphakathi besebenzisa ukuphikiswa komphakathi, kufanele sisebenzise amaqhinga afanayo emhlabeni wonke ngokumelene nohulumeni wakwa-Israel: iziteleka, ukuduba, ukuphazamiseka, ukuhlukana, nezinye izenzo ezingenalo udlame. Kudingeka silwe nalo mthetho, kodwa futhi siqinisekise ukuthi umkhankaso uyasetshenziswa ukuze sixoxe indaba yokungabi nabulungiswa okukhulu, okuwukubusa kwama-Israel phezu kwamaPalestina.
Okwesibili, kufanele sivume esidlangalaleni leli gagasi lokwenqaba nokumelana nalo, sime ubumbano nalo, futhi ikakhulukazi sisekele labo abenqabayo nababhikishi ababona izenzo zabo njengengxenye yomzabalazo omkhulu wobulungiswa kubantu basePalestine. Indlela engaphambili ayiphephile futhi ayiqinisekile, kodwa ngokokuqala ngqรก emashumini eminyaka, ngingasho ngobuqotho ukuthi ngibona indlela engokoqobo yokuqeda umsebenzi esizukulwaneni sethu.
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Nikela