Njengoba osopolitiki abaningi nezazi emhlabeni wonke bebona ukuthi impi yase-Ukraine ayikwazi ukuxazululwa ngezempi, ukuthi ngeke kube nabawinile kodwa abahluliwe kuphela, kufanele sigxile ekulawulweni komonakalo, okusho ukuthi kumiswe ukudubulana ngokushesha. Lena ukuphela kwenqubomgomo enengqondo esingayilandela, futhi kufanele ithuthukiswe yizo zonke izinhlangano zeZizwe Ezihlangene, ikakhulukazi i-General Assembly, i-UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, i-UN High Commissioner for Refugees, i-United Nations Development Program, i-United Nations Environmental. Uhlelo, Inhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba, njll. Ngempela likhona ilungelo lomuntu lokuthula, wonke amazwe angamalungu e-UN analo erga omnesisibopho sokuhlonipha. Kusemqoka kakhulu ekusindeni kwethu ukuthi ohulumeni balahle ipharadigm yakudala yokuzinikela okungenamibandela futhi โowinile athathe konkeโ. Izimpi zamanje zosopolitiki kanye nezigubhu zempi ezihlelwe yimithombo yezindaba evamile azikho โzokuthanda izweโ. Esikhathini senuzi kufanele kuthathwe zonke izinyathelo zokunciphisa ukungezwani futhi kwakhiwe amabhuloho ezingxoxo.
Ipulani yami yokuthula ilula. 1. Ukumiswa komlilo okusekelwe kuSomqulu we-UN, 2. Ukuvinjelwa kokulethwa kwezikhali kwabalwa impi, 3. I-UN yahlela usizo lwamazwe ngamazwe kubo bonke abantu abahluphekayo ngenxa yempi, ukuntuleka kwamandla, ukuntuleka kokudla, njll. 4. I-UN ihlelwe kanye nereferenda eqashwe eCrimea naseDonbas, 5. Ukususwa kwezijeziso eziye zasusa izinzuzo zokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke, ukunqamuka kokuthengwa kwempahla, ukuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe, ukuphepha kokudla okusengozini, 6. Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo esisha sokuphepha se-Europe kanye nomhlaba, 7. Ukusungulwa weKhomishana Yeqiniso Nokubuyisana ukuzwa izikhalo ezivela kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, 8. Ukujeziswa kwamacala empi ohulumeni abafanele, isib. amacala ase-Ukraine okufanele aphenywe futhi ashushiswe amajaji ase-Ukraine, amacala aseRussia azophenywa futhi ajeziswe yizinkantolo zaseRussia.
Akukho ukuhlaziya okuvumelekile kanambambili noma ukuhlukaniswa komhlaba kube โabahleโ kanye โnababiโ. Bekulokhu kukhona okuhle kokubi nokubi kokuhle. Ukuhlaziywa kanambambili kungenzeka kuphela uma umuntu enqaba ukucabangela imibono yawo wonke ama-belligerents, kanye nesintu sonke - njengoba ebuka le nhlekelele eyenzeka. Kunezimbangela eziyinhloko zenhlekelele esiyibonayo, futhi uma sifuna ukwenza ipulani elisebenzayo lokuthula, akumele sibheke kuphela ngombono "waseNtshonalanga", kodwa futhi sicabangele imibono ye-1.5 Billion Chinese, AmaNdiya ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.5, amaPakistani ayizigidi ezingu-240, ama-Bangladeshi ayizigidi ezingu-170, ama-Indonesia ayizigidi ezingu-280, amaNigeria ayizigidi ezingu-220, amaBrazilian ayizigidi ezingu-220, amaMexico ayizigidi ezingu-140 njll. Izibalo ziphezulu kakhulu, futhi thina maMelika kanye nama-Europe asinalo ilungelo lokubeka engcupheni ukusinda kweplanethi. ngenxa ye-querelle yangaphakathi yaseYurophu. Kubantu abavamile base-Afrika, e-Asia noma eLatin America, akunamsebenzi nhlobo ukuthi iCrimea iseRussia noma ise-Ukraine. Akumele kuliwe impi yenuzi ngalokhu.
Okubalulekile wukuvumelana MANJE ngokumiswa komlilo futhi kulethe abalamuli abafana noPapa uFrancis ukuze benze iziphakamiso ezibambekayo. OwayenguNobhala Wezwe laseMelika uHenry Kissinger usanda kushicilela indaba Isibukeli, lapho enxusa ukuphela kwezingxoxo okuxoxiswana ngakho futhi axwayise ngengozi yempi yenuzi. Uveze ukuthi ngo-1916 uhulumeni wase-US waba nethuba lokuqeda iMpi Yezwe I ngokusebenzisa izingxoxo, kodwa uWoodrow Wilson owayehlonishwa kakhulu walidlalisa leli thuba ngenxa yepolitiki yasekhaya.
I-Ukraine "impi lapho amandla amabili enuzi eqhudelana khona nezwe elihlomile ngokujwayelekile" ngokusobala iyimpi yommeleli lapho amazwe e-NATO elandela incwadi yokudlala ukuze enze buthaka iRussia, ngokulindeleke okuyize ukwenza ushintsho lombuso. I-US ne-NATO yehlulekile ukuqonda ukuthi abantu baseRussia bathanda izwe kakhulu, nokuthi lapho bezizwa besongelwa, bazolwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi izinkinga. Alikho izinga lokujeziswa eliyoke lenze abantu baseRussia ukuthi bavukele uPutin futhi babeke i-Tsar enobungani base-US esikhundleni sakhe. Sesivele sinaso isipiliyoni seminyaka engama-62 sokujeziswa kanzima kweCuba, ehlulekile ukuguqisa uhulumeni wamakhomanisi. Iminyaka engu-40 yezigwegwe ngokumelene neNicaragua, iminyaka engu-23 yempi yezomnotho ngokumelene neVenezuela ayizange yehlise uhulumeni waseChavez noMaduro. Eqinisweni, kuze kube namuhla laba hulumeni abaphiko lwesokunxele bajabulela ukwesekwa okuthandwayo. Njengoba ngifundile ngesikhathi ngisemishini esemthethweni ye-UN eVenezuela, iningi labantu baseVenezuela abamsoli uMaduro ngezinkinga zabo - basola i-US.
Yebo, ngeke sivele sibuyele emhlabeni ngaphambi kuka-24 February 2022. Igazi eliningi selichithiwe. Ngokusho kukaKissinger noma iyiphi "inqubo yokuthula" "izoxhumanisa i-Ukraine ne-NATO, noma kunjalo izwakalise", njengoba engasaboni ukungathathi hlangothi kwase-Ukraine njengenketho, okwakuyisixazululo esithandwayo lapho iTurkey ixoxisana ngesivumelwano sokuthula emuva ngoMashi 2022, esasiyi-torpedoes. I-US kanye ne-UK, abaphikelela ekuphishekeleni impi kuze kube "kunqoba" ngokumelene neRussia.
U-Kissinger uhlongoza ukuthi iRussia ihoxe emigqeni ngaphambi komhla zingama-24 kuNhlolanja, kanti izindawo ezifunwa yi-Ukraine - iDonetsk, iLugansk neCrimea - zingase zibe isihloko sezingxoxo ngemuva kokuphela kwengxabano. Ngokwami, nginokungabaza kwami โโngalokhu, ngoba ngemuva kokuqothuka kwalezi zindawo yi-Ukraine, kuye kwavela izinga elikhulu lenzondo ngeziphathimandla zase-Ukraine, ukuze kube yinto engenakwenzeka ukuthi lezi zindawo ziphinde zifakwe e-Ukraine. Ngaleso sikhathi kwakuyoba impi yombango, ngisho impi yabashokobezi. Ikakhulukazi kuwudaba lwabantu lapho okufanele banqume, ngokulandela izifiso zabo eziqinisekisiwe. Ilungelo lokuzibusa kwabantu (ubuciko. 1, 55, Izahluko XI kanye no-XII UN Charter) liqiniswe ngokuqinile esihlokweni soku-1 seSivumelwano Samazwe Ngamazwe Samalungelo Omphakathi Nezombangazwe, futhi kokubili i-Ukraine neRussia kufanele zilihloniphe. Yiqiniso, i-UN manje isingakwazi ukuhlela inhlolovo yokuzikhethela, ezobhekwa emhlabeni wonke. Kepha i-UN yehlulekile abantu base-Ukraine naseRussia, lapho yehluleka ukuhlela nokuqapha ireferenda kulezi zindawo ezinabantu baseRussia ngo-1991, lapho i-Ukraine ihlukana neSoviet Union ngokuhlanganyela, noma ngo-2014 kulandela ukuketulwa umbuso kwe-anti-Russian. UMaidan, owaketula umongameli osemthethweni, okhethwe ngentando yeningi wase-Ukraine, uVictor Yanukovich. Ireferendamu ka-2014 yayizovimbela le nhlekelele esiyibona namuhla.
Njengamanje kufanele kucacele wonke umuntu ukuthi, njengoba amaKosovars engasoze avuma ukubuyiselwa eSerbia, abantu baseRussia baseCrimea, eDonetsk naseLugansk bazovukela noma yisiphi isiphakamiso esinjalo. Okungacacile ukuthi abantu baseKherson naseZaporozhe bazovota kanjani, izindawo lapho iningi lamaRussia lingasho lutho.
Isakhiwo esisha sezokuphepha saseYurophu (noma emhlabeni wonke) kufanele sakhiwe esizocabangela ukukhathazeka okusemthethweni kwabo bonke abantu abahlala endaweni. Ukuzimela kwe-Ukraine kufanele nakanjani kuqinisekiswe, njengoba ngempela ukuzimela kweRussia.
Kunezithiyo eziningi zokuthula e-Ukraine, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokungaguquki kwamazwe amaningi e-NATO kuze kube namuhla ahluleka ukuvuma iqiniso lokuthi ukwanda kwe-NATO empumalanga, ngokuphambene nezivumelwano ezenziwe ngo-1989/91, kwabonwa yiRussia njengosongo olukhona. nokuthi ngokushesha kamuva iRussia izosabela. Singakhohlwa ukuthi kusukela ngo-2014 kuya ku-2022 iRussia yabamba iqhaza ku-Minsk Accords, emihlanganweni ye-OSCE, ku-Normandy Format. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi iRussia yenza ngokuhambisana ne-athikili 2(3) ye-UN Charter futhi yachitha iminyaka engu-8 izama ukuxazulula izinkinga ezidalwe yi-2014 Maidan. coup d'รฉtat ngezindlela zokuthula. Maye, kwakuyi-Ukraine, isekelwa yi-US ne-UK, eyenqaba ukusebenzisa izivumelwano zaseMinsk kanye nelungelo lokuzibusa kwabantu baseRussia base-Ukraine. Lezi zivumelwano ezimbili ezihlongozwe nguNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle uLavrov ngoDisemba 2021 zazilinganiselwe futhi ziyisisekelo esihle sokuxoxisana. Lezi zivumelwano bezizonikeza iRussia iziqinisekiso zokuphepha kuzwelonke eyayizifanele, futhi bezizokwenza kube nokuthula okusimeme phakathi kweRussia ne-Ukraine. Ngeshwa, lezi ziphakamiso zenqatshwa ngokuzikhukhumeza nguNobhala Jikelele we-NATO uJens Stoltenberg.
Enye inkinga iwukuthi abaningi eNtshonalanga bacabanga ukuthi โiRussia eyenziwa yaba namandla ngenxa yempiโ ingafiseleka. Laba bantu abayazi iRussia, abantu baseRussia bomlando wabo. Bayizisulu zenkulumo-ze emelene neRussia ebilokhu ikhona emithonjeni yezindaba yaseNtshonalanga, eyehla kancane phakathi neminyaka ye-Gorbachev ngasekupheleni kwawo-1980 kanye nasekuqaleni kwawo-1990, kodwa yasheshe yathatha isinqumo sokuthi i-NATO idinga "isitha" ukuze iqinisekise ubukhona bayo. . Lokhu kwenzeka ngaphansi kukaMongameli waseMelika uBill Clinton, futhi siyayibona imiphumela yodlame lwe-Russophobia namuhla. Lolu hlobo lokucwaswa kwabokufika aluvunyelwe ku-Article 20 ye-International Covenant on Civil and Political rights, kodwa abantu abaningi abazi ngobukhona be-ICCPR. Ngikhumbula isiyaluyalu esimelene neRussia ngesikhathi sokuhlasela kweGeorgia eSouth Ossetia, izindatshana ezinenzondo ezimelene nabadlali bezemidlalo baseRussia abesifazane besifazane ngesikhathi seSocci Winter Olympics ekuqaleni kuka-2014, ngaphambi nje kweNtombi. coup d'รฉtat. Kunjengokungathi abezindaba bebevele belungiselela umphakathi waseMelika nowaseYurophu ukuthi uzonde amaRussia, ukuze ukwazi ukuthethelela kangcono putsch kanye nezinyathelo ezalandela zokulwa neRussia ezamukelwa yi- putsch Iphalamende.
Njengesikhulu se-UN, ngathola ithuba lokufunda isiRashiya futhi ngathola isitifiketi sami sobungcweti. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi bengilokhu ngibonga ikhono esanda kutholwa ukufunda Pushkin, Lermontov, Tolstoy, Dostoyevsky, Turgenev in the original. Ngaphinde ngaba nethuba lokusebenzisa isiRashiya eHhovisi likaKhomishana Ophakeme We-UN Wamalungelo Abantu phakathi nemishini eminingi eya emazweni aseBaltic naseRussia, nango-1994 phakathi nemishini emibili eya e-Ukraine yokuqapha kokubili ukhetho lwephalamende nolomongameli. Ngiyajabula ukwazi inani elikhulu labantu baseRussia eRussia nabahlala kwamanye amazwe, abase-Ukraine e-Ukraine nabahlala kwamanye amazwe, abanye babo engibabiza ngokuthi abangani. Njengesazi-mlando, ngenze umzamo wokuqonda i-psyche yaseRussia, ukuzifaka ezicathulweni zabo. U-Kissinger usikhumbuza โngendima engokomlandoโ yeRussia eYurophu futhi uxwayisa ngokuthi i-chimera โyokuhlakazaโ iRussia yayizoshintsha indawo yayo enkulu ibe โigebe elingenamuntuโ nezimpi ezingapheli yimiphakathi eqhudelanayo izolandela. Ebukhoneni bezinkulungwane zezikhali zenuzi endaweni, lokhu kungaba iresiphi ye-Apocalypse yendawo yonke.
Imithombo yezindaba evamile eNtshonalanga iyaqhubeka nokuthela uphethiloli emlilweni ngokukhulisa imibiko - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyaqinisekiswa noma cha - yezinsolo zobugebengu bempi yaseRussia. Akungabazeki ukuthi amasosha aseRussia enze unya e-Ukraine, njengoba amabutho e-NATO enze unya e-Afghanistan, Iraq, Abu Ghraib, Guantanamo nakwezinye izindawo. Encwadini yami I-Wehrmacht War Crimes Bureau(I-University of Nebraska Press, ngo-1980[1]) Ngabhala ngonya olwenziwa amasosha aseRussia nawase-Ukraine eYugoslavia, ePoland, eHungary, eJalimane, phakathi neMpi Yezwe II. Yiqiniso, amaRussia enza ubugebengu. Kodwa zonke izinhlangothi zizenzile, futhi akufanele sigxile ekuqulweni kwecala lokujezisa kanye namacala empi, ngoba ulwazi lubonisa ukuthi ukuqulwa kwamacala empi kungenzeka kuphela uma kube nokuzinikela okungenamibandela kwabanqotshiwe, njengoba ngo-1945 ngenkathi iJalimane neJapane. wavuma.
Isimo namuhla sihluke kakhulu, ngoba akhona amathuba okuthi iRussia ingake izinikele. Uma ukwanda kwezingxabano kanye nenkulumo-ze iqhubeka, kunengozi ekhulayo yokuthi othile e-NATO uzoya esitelekeni senuzi "sangaphambi kokusebenza" ngokumelene neRussia, futhi uma iRussia yayisongelwa, izophonsa izikhali zayo zenuzi ngokumelene nathi. eNtshonalanga. Singakhohlwa ukuthi izilwandle ziphila ne-NATO kanye nemikhumbi-ngwenya yaseRussia yonke ihlome ngezikhali zenuzi. Ngakho-ke, akufanele sibangele ukungqubuzana kwenuzi okungaqeda ukuphila kwabantu (nezilwane) emhlabeni.
Umqondo ophusile usitshela ukuthi kufanele sinciphise ukungezwani futhi sizame ukufinyelela ekuvumelaneni, a modus vivendi, nakuba kuzothatha iminyaka eminingi ngaphambi kokuba ubudlelwano phakathi kwamazwe e-NATO neRussia bubuyiselwe ekuhlalisaneni ngenhlonipho.
Ezindleleni zaseNuremberg naseTokyo 1945-48 abanqotshiwe babesemseni wabanqobi. (i-victis), futhi kwaqulwa amacala aseNuremberg naseTokyo. Impela abaningi balabo abagwetshwa babenamacala asabekayo. Kodwa โinkantolo yabanqobiโ ayilokothi ibe semthethweni. Ukuze yenze โubulungiswaโ inkantolo kufanele ijezise bonke abephule umthetho, ingagxili kwabanqotshiwe futhi idedele abanqobile babaleke ngaphandle kokujeziswa. Ukube inkantolo yaseNuremberg ifisa ukwethembeka, bekufanele izame amaSoviet ngokubulawa kwawo kaningi kwezinkolo ezincane, ukubulawa kweziboshwa zempi zasePoland eziyi-15,000 eKatyn nakwezinye izindawo, ngabe izame i-US ne-UK ngokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu ngamabomu kwabantu. izikhungo, kwashona abantu abalinganiselwa ku-600,000. I-"Bomber Harris" ngokuqinisekile yayizolengiswa. Ukube inkantolo yaseTokyo ibifuna ukuhlonipheka ngokomlando, ibiyozama i-US ngempi yayo yezempi engakhethi, ngokudutshulwa kwayo ngomshini wokuphahlazeka komkhumbi waseJapan (njengoba kubhaliwe emlandweni we-UN Navy), ngabe izame amasosha aseBrithani ngokubulala iziboshwa zaseJapan. yempi eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia (okukhulunywe ngayo kabanzi ezingxoxweni zePhalamende laseBrithani), ngabe izame izisebenzi ze Enola Gay elajikijela ibhomu le-athomu lokuqala kubantu abangenalusizi baseHiroshima - ngokomlando obungelinye lobugebengu obukhulu bekhulu lama-20.
Ngabe siyayidinga inkantolo yamazwe omhlaba ukuze sizame uPutin, uZelinsky, uStoltenberg, ukushushisa amalungu ebutho le-Azov, ama-mercenaries kanye nezinye izimpi ezinonya? Cha. Uphenyo nezivivinyo kufanele zenziwe amazwe athintekayo kuphela. Abantu base-Ukraine banentshisekelo yokugcina isiyalo emabuthweni abo. Ngisho namaRussia. Inkantolo yamazwe ngamazwe izofaka izindaba zezepolitiki kuphela. Wonke Amazwe abambe iqhaza kwi-1949 Geneva Red Cross Conventions asebophekile ukuthi azame izigebengu zawo. Lapha yilapho kufanele kugcizelelwe khona.
Yiziphi izibonelo zomlando esinazo ezimpini ezinkulu eziphele ngoshwele[2]? Ziningi kakhulu ongazibala. Ake ngiqale ngeMpi Yeminyaka Engamashumi Amathathu (1618-48) eyaqothula abantu baseYurophu abangaba izigidi ezingu-8. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi, naphezu kobubi obubi obenzeka, akuzange kube khona ukuqulwa kwamacala empi ngemva kwalokho, akukho sijeziso ku-1648 Treaties of Mรผnster and Osnabrรผck. Ngokuphambene, Isigaba 2 sazo zombili izivumelwano sihlinzekela ushwele ojwayelekile. Bekuchithwe igazi eliningi kakhulu. IYurophu yayikudinga ukuphumula, futhi โisijezisoโ sashiyelwa kuNkulunkulu: โKuyoba khona uhlangothi olulodwa futhi olunye ukuNyelwa, Ushwele, noma Uxolelo lwaphakade lakho konke okwenziwa โฆ ngendlela, ukuze kungabikho muntuโฆ benza noma yiziphi Izenzo Zobutha, bajabulise noma babangele noma yiziphi Izinkinga komunye nomunye.โ[3] I-Peace of Westphalia ka-1648 yehle emlandweni njengengqopha-mlando yomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe kanye nomzamo ozwakalayo wokusungula isakhiwo sezokuphepha saseYurophu.[4].
Singaphinde sibhekisele ku-athikili yesi-3 yeSivumelwano sika-Rijswijk (1697), esanquma ushwele wamasosha obukhosi baseFrance naseBrithani. I-Article XI yoMthetho Wokugcina weCongress of Vienna (1815) yabeka ushwele naphezu konya lwezimpi zamaNapoleon. Isahluko II se-Evian Accords ka-1962 esaqeda impi yokuzimela yase-Algeria enonya, ngokufanayo sanquma ushwele wezinhlangothi zombili.
Kuyavunywa, izwe lanamuhla aliwuthandi umqondo othi โushweleโ futhi libonakala ligxile ekuziphindiseleni. Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu, njengoba sidansa onqenqemeni lwewa. Ngokuhlakanipha nangokuthula singase sikwazi ukusinda futhi ngolunye usuku sithi noVergilius โi-forsan et haec olim meminisse iuvabitโ โฆ โmhlawumbe ngelinye ilanga kuyojabulisa ukukhumbula lezi zintoโ. Ikakhulukazi uma osopolitiki bethu besebenzisa ubuhlakani nobuhlakani futhi bephumelela ukusindisa umhlaba e-Armagedoni. Ngokuqinisekile, lokhu kuzwakala njengokubonakaliswa kwe-stoicism ne-aestheticism, kodwa yiziphi izinketho esinazo?
Amanothi.
[1] Bona izibuyekezo zezazi kuwebhusayithi yami http://www.alfreddezayas.com/books.shtml
[2] U-Alfred de Zayas, โAmnesty Clauseโ kuRudolf Bernhardt (ed.) Encyclopedia of Public International Law, vol, I, North Holland, Amsterdam, 1992, amakhasi 148-151.
[3] https://avalon.law.yale.edu/17th_century/westphal.asp
[4] U-Alfred de Zayas, โWestphalia, Peace ofโ eBernhardt, Encyclopedia of Public International Law, vol. IV, amakhasi 1465-1469, North Holland, Amsterdam, 2000.
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