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Igagasi lokushisa lase-Arctic elathumela amazinga okushisa eSiberia enyuke kakhulu cishe ama-100 degrees Fahrenheit ngosuku lokuqala lwehlobo beka isibabazo ngoshintsho olumangalisayo lwendawo yase-Arctic oseluqhubeke iminyaka engaba ngu-30.
Kudala ngeminyaka yawo-1890, ososayensi bakubikezela lokho ukwanda kwamazinga e-carbon dioxide emkhathini kungaholela ekufudumaleni kweplanethi, ikakhulukazi e-Arctic, lapho ukulahleka kweqhwa elikhanyayo neqhwa lasolwandle kungafudumeza indawo. Amamodeli wesimo sezulu abelokhu ekhomba โUkukhulisa i-Arcticโ okuvelayo njengoba igesi ebamba ukushisa ikhula.
Nokho, i-Arctic amplification manje isilapha ngendlela enkulu. I-Arctic yiyona ukufudumala cishe ngezinga eliphindwe kabili womhlaba wonke. Uma amagagasi okushisa aphezulu njengaleli eshaya, kugqama kuwo wonke umuntu. Ososayensi ngokuvamile abafuni ukusho ukuthi โSinitshelile,โ kodwa umlando ubonisa ukuthi sakwenza.
As umqondisi weNational Snow and Ice Data Center kanye nososayensi wesimo sezulu sase-Arctic owaqala ukubeka unyawo eNyakatho ekude ngo-1982, ngibe nesihlalo esingaphambili ukuze ngibuke uguquko.
Amagagasi okushisa ase-Arctic ayenzeka kaningi - futhi ayabambeka
Amagagasi okushisa ase-Arctic manje afika phezu kweplanethi esivele ifudumele, ngakho bavame kakhulu kunakuqala.
I-Western Siberia yabhala yayo intwasahlobo eshisa kakhulu emlandweni kulo nyaka, ngokusho kwe-EU's Copernicus Earth Observation Programme, futhi lokho kushisa okungajwayelekile akulindelekile ukuthi kuphele maduze. I-Arctic Climate Forum inezibikezelo amazinga okushisa angaphezu kwesilinganiso ngaphesheya kweningi le-Arctic kuze kube okungenani ngo-August.
Kungani leli gagasi lokushisa lihlala likhona? Akekho onempendulo egcwele okwamanje, kodwa singabheka amaphethini wezulu azungezile.
Njengomthetho, amagagasi okushisa ahlobene namaphethini e-jet stream angavamile, futhi igagasi lokushisa laseSiberia alifani. Ukushwibeka okuphikelelayo enyakatho kwe-jet stream kuye kwabeka le ndawo ngaphansi kwalokho izazi zezulu ezikubiza ngokuthi โummango.โ Lapho i-jet stream inyakaza kanjeya enyakatho, ivumela umoya ofudumele ungene endaweni, inyuse izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu.
Abanye ososayensi balindele ukukhuphuka kwamazinga okushisa embulunga yonke ukuthonya umfudlana wejethi. I-jet stream iqhutshwa ukuhluka kwezinga lokushisa. Njengoba i-Arctic ifudumala ngokushesha, lokhu kuqhathanisa kuyancipha, futhi i-jet stream ingahamba kancane.
Ingabe yilokho esikubonayo njengamanje? Asikazi okwamanje.
I-Swiss cheese sea ice kanye nezihibe zokuphendula
Siyazi ukuthi sibona imiphumela ebalulekile evela kuleli gagasi lokushisa, ikakhulukazi ekulahlekelweni kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kweqhwa lasolwandle.
Iqhwa elingasogwini lwaseSiberia libukeka njengoshizi waseSwitzerland njengamanje ezithombeni zesathelayithi, ezinezindawo ezinkulu zamanzi avulekile ngokuvamile ebezisambozwa. Izinga leqhwa olwandle oLwandle iLaptev, enyakatho yeRussia, liphansi kakhulu elirekhodiwe ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka selokhu kwaqala ukubonwa ngesathelayithi.
Ukulahleka kweqhwa olwandle nakho kuthinta izinga lokushisa, kudala iluphu yempendulo. Iqhwa lomhlaba nesembozo seqhwa sibonisa amandla angenayo eLanga, okusiza ekugcineni indawo ipholile. Lapho leso simbozo esikhanyayo sesingasekho, ulwandle olumnyama nomhlabathi kubamba ukushisa, kukhulise izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu.
Amazinga okushisa olwandle asevele ephezulu ngokungavamile ezingxenyeni ezithile zoGu lwaseSiberia, futhi amanzi olwandle afudumele azoholela ekuncibilikeni okwengeziwe.
Izingozi zokuncibilikisa i-permafrost
Ezweni, ukukhathazeka okukhulu ukufudumala kwe-permafrost - inhlabathi ehlala iqhwa engaphansi kwezindawo eziningi ze-Arctic.
Lapho i-permafrost incibilika ngaphansi kwezindlu namabhuloho, ingqalasizinda ingacwila, itsheke futhi iwe. Abantu base-Alaska bebelokhu belwa nalokhu iminyaka eminingana. Eduze kwaseNorilsk, eRussia, kwakuneqhwa elincibilikisayo osolwa ngokuwa kwethangi likawoyela ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi okwachithela izinkulungwane zamathani kawoyela emfuleni.
I-Thawing permafrost nayo idala inkinga engabonakali kodwa elimaza kakhulu. Lapho umhlabathi uncibilika, amagciwane asenhlabathini aqala ukushintsha izinto eziphilayo zibe isikhutha ne-methane. Zombili zingamagesi abamba ukushisa kuqhubeke kufudumale iplanethi.
Ocwaningweni olwanyatheliswa ngonyaka odlule, abacwaningi bathola ukuthi izindawo zokuhlola i-permafrost emhlabeni jikelele zazinazo ifudunyezwe cishe ngesigamu sedigri I-Fahrenheit ngokwesilinganiso phakathi neminyaka eyishumi kusukela ngo-2007 kuya ku-2016. Ukwanda okukhulu kwakuseSiberia, lapho ezinye izindawo zazifudumeze ngama-degree angu-1.6. Igagasi lokushisa lamanje laseSiberia, ikakhulukazi uma liqhubeka, lizokwandisa ngokwesifunda lokho kufudumala kwe-permafrost kanye nokuncibilika.
Imililo yequbula ibuyile futhi
Ukufudumala okudlulele nakho kuphakamisa ingozi yemililo yequbula, eshintsha kakhulu indawo ngezinye izindlela.
Amahlathi omile ajwayele ukusha, ngokuvamile ngenxa yokushaywa kombani. Lapho amahlathi esha, inhlabathi emnyama, esobala eshiywe ingabamba ukushisa okwengeziwe futhi isheshise ukufudumala.
Sesibone iminyaka embalwa manje imililo yehlathi eyedlulele ngaphesheya kwe-Arctic. Kulo nyaka, abanye ososayensi baye baqagela ukuthi eminye yemililo yaseSiberia eyaqubuka ngonyaka odlule kungenzeka iqhubeke zishise ebusika ezingomeni ze-peat futhi yavela kabusha.
Iphethini ephazamisayo
Igagasi lokushisa laseSiberia kanye nomthelela walo ngokungangabazeki kuzofundwa kabanzi. Ngokuqinisekile bayoba khona abamagange ukusichitha lesi senzakalo njengomphumela wesimo sezulu esiqhubekayo esingavamile.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ngaso sonke isikhathi ngokufunda kakhulu umcimbi owodwa - amagagasi okushisa ayenzeka. Kodwa lokhu kuyingxenye yephethini ephazamisayo.
Okwenzeka e-Arctic kungokoqobo kakhulu futhi kufanele kube yisixwayiso kuwo wonke umuntu okhathalela ikusasa leplanethi njengoba silazi.
unguSolwazi Wocwaningo LweJografi kanye noMqondisi, Isikhungo Sedatha Yeqhwa Neqhwa, eNyuvesi yaseColorado Boulder
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