INgohlelo lwakhe lwango-2009, lokuvuselela umnotho olungamabhiliyoni angama-787, uMongameli u-Obama wabele amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-263 ukuze axhase ohulumeni basekhaya nababebhekene nokushoda kwentela engenayo eyingqophamlando kanye nezindleko ezikhuphukayo ngenxa yokuwohloka komnotho okujulile nokunwetshiwe. Kusukela ngoMashi 2011, ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-92 okuvuselela u-Obama kwasekuqaleni kwamabhiliyoni angama-787 asetshenziselwe futhi kuphela amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-23 esamba semali engu-$263 billion eyabelwe izifundazwe namadolobha. Njengoba lezo zixhaso zohulumeni basekhaya sezisetshenziswe ngokuyisisekelo, ababusi beDemocratic Republic kanye nabaphakathi kwesokudla abakhethwe ngoNovemba odlule sebephendukele ekwenzeni abasebenzi bakahulumeni bakhokhe ngemisebenzi yabo, amaholo, kanye nezinzuzo ngenxa yokushoda okuvela kabusha manje; kanjalo nalabo abangakwazi ukukhokha
Izimbangela zokushoda kwesabelomali sendawo kuqala futhi zibangelwa ukuwohloka komnotho kwakamuva, okubi kakhulu kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1930s. Ivuma ukuqina kokuwohloka komnotho njengembangela eyinhloko yenkinga yezimali, i-Federal Reserve Board yaseSan Francisco yaphawula encwadini yayo ye-Economic Economic ngonyaka odlule ukuthi ukuwa okuwumphumela wokuqothuka kwentela yohulumeni basekhaya โkwakubi kakhulu kusukela okungenani ngo-1947 lapho le datha. kwaqala ukuqoqwa." Ngokungeziwe ekujuleni kokuwohloka komnotho, "ukusimama" kube buthaka kakhulu emlandweni wanoma yikuphi ukwehla komnotho kule minyaka engu-60 edlule.
"Ukululama" nakho kube yinto elahlekile kakhulu. Abatshalizimali abacebile, abamabhange, izinkampani ze-S&P 500, kanye namaphesenti ayi-10 aphezulu emizi yase-US (cishe izigidi eziyi-11) bonke balulame kahle. Imakethe yamasheya ikhuphuke ngamaphesenti angu-100, izimakethe zamabhondi eminyakeni emibili edlule ziye zabona ukukhula okukhulu kakhulu phakathi nekhulu leminyaka, izinkampani eziphakathi nendawo nezinkulu zihlezi ku-trove yemali engu-$ 2 trillion, futhi amabhange aqoqa u-$ 1 trillion wezinqolobane ngokweqile. Khonamanjalo, izinkampani ziyenqaba ukutshala izimali nokudala amathuba emisebenzi ngaleyo $2 trillion, kuyilapho amabhange enqaba ukuboleka amabhizinisi amancane, njengoba ukubolekwa kwamabhange kwehle ngamaphesenti angu-13 ngonyaka odlule.
Emakhaya angamaphesenti angama-90 (ngaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-100) isithombe asisona esokuthola ukululama. Bangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-20 abantu abasangasebenzi, ukuthathwa kwezindlu kusondele ezigidini eziyishumi, ezinye izikweletu ezibalelwa ezigidini eziyi-10 โzingaphansi kwamanzi,โ futhi amanani ezindlu aphinde ehla.
Nakuba imbangela enkulu yezinkinga zezimali zohulumeni basekhaya nohulumeni basekhaya njengamanje isekelwe ekuwohlokeni komnotho okujulile konyaka wezi-2008-2009, kungenxa yesu lokuphatha u-Obama lokuvuselela umnothoโisu elagcina lihlulekile ukuqinisekisa ibhizinisi. ukutshala izimali nokudalwa kwamathuba emisebenzi obekungabuyisela imali yentela yohulumeni basekhaya nohulumeni basekhaya. Iphutha elikhulu lika-Obama kwaba wukuthatha isinqumo sokutakula amabhange kanye nezinkampani zaseMelika ngezindleko zabakhokhi bentela, ecabanga ukuthi uma sebethole โibheyiliโ bazokwenza ingxenye yabo balandele ngokuboleka, ukutshala imali nokudala amathuba emisebenzi. Kodwa akwenzekanga lokho. Futhi kwashiya u-Obama engenaPlan B ngaphandle kokuthi ahambe, ephethe isigqoko, ebhizinisini laseMelika ebancenga ukuthi badale amathuba emisebenziโnjengoba inkulumo yakhe yakamuva kaFebhuwari eya e-U.S. Chamber of Commerce yabonisa.
Izimbangela Ezengeziwe Zezinkinga Zezezimali
Ngaphandle kokuwohloka komnotho kanye nokwehluleka kokugqugquzela u-Obama, kukhona okungenani ezinye izimbangela ezine ezithize zezifundazwe kanye nokushoda kwesabelomali sedolobha. Akukho kulokhu okuhlanganisa amaholo noma izinzuzo zabasebenzi bakahulumeni.
Emashumini amathathu eminyaka inkambiso evamile yenqubomgomo cishe kuzo zonke izifundazwe bekuwukunciphisa intela ebhizinisini nakubatshalizimali. Sekungamashumi eminyaka bezama ukuheha izinkampani ezivela kwezinye izifundazwe ngokunikeza izivumelwano zentela ezinhle uma zithutha ikomkhulu lenkampani nezinye izinsiza. Kubangele ukwehla kancane kancane esikhathini eside kwisabelo sebhizinisi semali engenayo yentela yombuso. Umphumela ube umjaho wemali engenayo yentela eya phansi, ecindezela izimali zentela kahulumeni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi kwenezela kumthelela omubi wesikhathi esifushane sokuthola kabusha. Kuba kubi nakakhulu uma sengeza kulo mkhuba umkhuba ojwayelekile wokunikeza izinkampani ezihlala kuhulumeni kanye namabhizinisi okunye ukuncishiswa kwentela.
Inganekwane yokuthi ukwehliswa kwentela yebhizinisi kudala amathuba emisebenzi ayisekelwa ubufakazi. Isibonelo, phakathi neminyaka kaBush kwaphasiswa ngaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingama-3.4 zamarandi ekuncishisweni kwentela, amaphesenti angama-80 awo (cishe amatriliyoni angama-2.7) aya kubatshalizimali namabhizinisi. Ikhiqize ukukhula kancane kwemisebenzi kusukela ngo-1945 kulandela ukwehla komnotho. Kuthathe izinyanga ezingu-46 kulandela ukuwohloka komnotho ngo-2001 ukuze kubuyiselwe izinga lemisebenzi eyayikhona ngaphambi kokuwa komnotho. Esinye isibonelo sokuwohloka komnotho kwamanje: ngaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingama-300 zamarandi ekuncishisweni kwentela kwethulwa ngo-2009, okwaholela ekuqoqweni kwemali ka-$2 trillion yibhizinisi eliphawulwe ngaphambilini. Lowo $300 webhiliyoni ukhiqize imisebenzi elinganayo yesikhathi esigcwele engaphansi kwesigidi eminyakeni emi-1 edlule. Lokho kuncishiswa kwentela kubiza i-U.S. $2 kuwo wonke umsebenzi odalwe izinkampani kuze kube manje. Akulona utshalomali oluhle kakhulu nganoma yisiphi isilinganiso. Izilinganiso zithi kuzothatha iminyaka engu-300,000-7 ukuze kubuyele izinga lemisebenzi emnothweni wase-U.S. owawukhona ngo-8.
Ezinyangeni ezisanda kwedlula, uMbusi waseWisconsin uScott Walker, ngokukhuthazwa nangosizo lwabafowethu abayizigidigidi u-Koch, wethula ukuhlasela okuqondile kwabasebenzi bakahulumeni eWisconsin. Umgomo owawuhlosiwe kwakuwukuphuca abasebenzi baseWisconsin ilungelo lokuxoxisana ngokuhlanganyela. Nokho, umgomo wabo kwakuwukubaphuca imisebenzi, izinga lamaholo akhona, impesheni kanye nezinzuzo zezempilo. Ukuhlasela izingxoxo ezihlangene kwakuyindlela nje yokufeza inhloso yokwenza abasebenzi bakahulumeni bakhokhele lokho kushoda.
Okungaziwa kakhulu emphakathini jikelele, nokho, ukuthi ukushoda kwe-Wisconsin yonyaka wamanje kuwumphumela wokuncishiswa kwentela yebhizinisi kwakamuva. U-Walker unikeze amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-120 ekunciphiseni intela kumabhizinisi onyakeni odlule. Isabelomali sombuso sishoda ngezigidi ezingama-$137. Ngamafuphi, ukuncishiswa kwentela yebhizinisi yikho okudale ukushoda kwalo nyaka e-Wisconsin, hhayi abasebenzi bakahulumeni. Kodwa abasebenzi bakahulumeni bahloselwe ukukhokha lo mthethosivivinywa. Indaba ayihlukile kakhulu kwezinye izifundazwe eziningi.
Esinye isici esiyinhloko sokushoda kombuso nedolobha yimbuyiselo kulo nyaka odlule yokunyuka kwamadijithi aphindwe kabili ngonyaka ezindlekweni zokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Njengoba i-U.S. Government Accountability Office isanda kubika, "umshayeli oyinhloko wezinselelo zezezimali kuhulumeni wesifunda nowasekhaya uyaqhubeka nokukhula kwezindleko zezempilo."
Ababusi baseRiphabhulikhi kanye nabezindaba zebhizinisi bahlanekezela leli qiniso futhi bakwenze kubonakale sengathi isizathu sokukhuphuka kwezindleko zezempilo ukuthi abasebenzi bakahulumeni bebelokhu bethola ukwenyuka okukhulu kwezinzuzo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo iminyaka, ngaleyo ndlela kudala ukushoda kwesabelomali. Kodwa ukukhuphuka kwezindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo akuhambisani nezinzuzo ezikhuphukayo zabasebenzi. Eqinisweni, amazinga okuhlomula abasebenzi bakahulumeniโnjengozakwabo bezisebenzi ezizimeleโbelokhu ehla njengoba izindleko zomshwalense wokunakekelwa kwezempilo zikhuphuka ngamadijithi amabili phakathi kuka-1997-2007 ngaphambi kokuwohloka komnotho kwakamuva. Futhi njengoba idatha yoMnyango Wezabasebenzi wase-U.S. yonyaka odlule ibonisa, isamba sezindleko zenzuzo ekhuphukayo kubasebenzi bakahulumeni wesifunda nowendawo yaba ngamaphesenti angu-0.6 kuphela. Futhi lokho okokunakekelwa kwezempilo, impesheni, nazo zonke ezinye izinzuzo.
Umthelela omkhulu kakhulu ekushoda kwesabelomali kule ndawo usuka ekwenyukeni kwezindleko zezempilo ezihlobene ne-Medicaid, hhayi izinzuzo zezempilo zabasebenzi bakahulumeni. I-Medicaid ibala ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-20 azo zonke izindleko zombuso, futhi ukubuyiswa kokunyuka kwamadijithi amabili ngonyaka ezindlekweni zokunakekelwa kwezempilo kuye kwaqinisa izinkinga zabo zokushoda kwesabelomali.
Ngenkathi kwethulwa inkulumo-mpikiswano ngo-2009 mayelana nezinguquko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo kuzwelonke, izinkampani zomshwalense wezempilo zanciphisa ukukhuphuka kwazo kwezindleko zamazinga edijithi eyodwa. Lokho kwathatha isikhathi esingangonyaka. Lapho umthethosivivinywa wokunakekelwa kwezempilo ka-Obama usuphasisiwe ngo-2010, ngaphandle kokhetho lomphakathi futhi kungekho mkhawulo wezindleko zezempilo kuwo, amaphrimiyamu omshwalense wezempilo aqala ukukhuphuka futhi ngamadijithi amabili. Kwezinye izimo ukwanda kube ngamaphesenti angama-30 nangama-40. Lokhu kwenyuka kuwumkhiqizo wezinkampani zomshwalense wezempilo ziphinde zagila izimanga, hhayi ukwenyuka okukhulu kwezinzuzo zezempilo zabasebenzi bakahulumeni.
Okunye futhi okukhuphuka kakhulu kwezindleko kohulumeni basekhaya, ukuboleka emakethe yamabhondi kamasipala. Kusukela maphakathi no-2010, ikakhulukazi, abatshalizimali bebelokhu bekhipha imali yabo emakethe yamabhondi kamasipala lapho izifundazwe namadolobha eboleka kakhulu ukumboza ukushoda kwesabelomali sawo. Njengoba abatshalizimali bekhipha imali, izindleko zokuboleka zinyukile, okubhebhethekisa ukushoda kwesabelomali. Futhi njengoba ukushoda kwabo kukhula, amanani abo okuboleka ayanda, njengoba nezindleko zabo zikhula. Sekuphenduke insakavukela umchilo wesidwaba, izindleko zokuboleka zikhuphuka, ukushoda kuba kubi kakhulu, nabatshalizimali bayahamba. Okwenze lesi simo sibe sibi kakhulu wukuhoxisa kwabaphathi baka-Obama uxhaso lwezimakethe zamabhondi kamasipala ngasekupheleni kuka-2010, okube nomthelela wokwehlisa izinga lokuboleka kwezifundazwe. Kafushane, umbono wesikhathi eside wezindleko zokuboleka mubi. Izindleko zokuboleka zizokhuphuka, okuqhubekisele phambili ukushoda kwesabelomali. Imakethe yamabhondi kamasipala ithembisa ukuthi izoba buthaka ezinyangeni ezizayo, ikhulise intukuthelo, njengoba abanye bebebikezela, ngokuqubuka okufana nemakethe yebhondi kamasipala esikhathini esithile esizayo.
Ukuwa kwemakethe yezindlu zokuhlala kusukela ngo-2007 nakho kube nomthelela omkhulu ekushoda kwedolobha nesifunda. Ukuwa kwezindlu kusho ukwehla okungaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-30 emananini entengo yezindlu ngokwesilinganiso, kanye nokufika kumaphesenti angama-50 kwezinye izindawo. Lokho kuhumushele ekuweni kwamanani ezakhiwo nezintela zendawo, lapho ohulumeni basekhaya abancike kakhulu kuzo. Ukuhluleka kwezintengo zezindlu ukusimama (futhi empeleni manje ukungena ekwehleni okuphindwe kabili) kukhiphe inkinga yokubuyiswa kwentela yendawo.
Ohulumeni basekhaya nezifunda zezikole baphinde babhekana nokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwesabelomali sesikhathi eside ngenxa yokuqagela kokuphuma kokunye. Ngokuvamile, amabhange azothengisa amadolobha nezifunda zesikole ngokuqagela ngokushintshashintsha kwezinga lenzalo okuyingozi, uhlobo lokuphuma kokunye, okubangele ukuthi izinhlangano eziningi zikahulumeni zilahlekelwe kakhulu.
Akuyona Iholo
NgokoMnyango Wezabasebenzi waseMelika, amaholo ezisebenzi zikahulumeni ngo-2010 akhuphuke ngamaphesenti angu-1.2 kuphela, ngaphansi kwezinga elisemthethweni lokwehla kwamandla emali. Futhi ukuthi amaphesenti angu-1.2 akubandakanyi ukwehliswa kwesamba senkokhelo yokuthatha ekhaya "yama-furlough" amaningi (izinsuku zokuphumula ngaphandle kwenkokhelo) okuqalwe kuwo wonke umkhakha womphakathi eminyakeni yamuva nje. Futhi ayihlanganisi inkokhelo elahlekile yezigidi ezigudluziwe zisuka emsebenzini wesikhathi esigcwele zayiswa emsebenzini wetoho. (Amaholo esikhashana awafakiwe ekubalweni kwamaholo onyaka.) Futhi ayibandakanyi amakhulu ambalwa ezinkulungwane abalahlekelwa imisebenzi ngo-2010. Lapho lokhu kwehliswa komholo kokugcina kubalwa ngokufanelekile, isamba senzuzo yamaholo yabasebenzi bakahulumeni ngonyaka odlule yaba. cishe ngaphansi kwephesenti elilodwa. Uma kuqhathaniswa, amaholo ezimboni ezizimele akhuphuke ngamaphesenti angu-1 ngo-1.8.
Ingxabano evame ukuzwakala yilabo abahlasela abasebenzi bakahulumeni ukuthi nakuba amaholo abo engase abe mancane, abasebenzi bakahulumeni bathola ukukhushulwa okukhulu kwemihlomulo, ikakhulukazi imihlomulo yempesheni. Kodwa amaqiniso nawo awakusekeli lokho okushiwo. Isinxephezelo esiphelele soMnyango Wezabasebenzi wase-US sabasebenzi bakahulumeni, esihlanganisa amaholo kanye nezinzuzo, sikhuphuke ngamaphesenti angu-1.8 kuphela ngonyaka odlule. Ngamanye amazwi, zonke izinhlobo zezinzuzo zihlanganisiwe zibalele ekukhuphukeni ngamaphesenti angu-0.6 kuphela. Uma kuqhathaniswa, isinxephezelo sabasebenzi bemboni ezimele sikhuphuke ngamaphesenti angu-2.1. Leli phethini beliyiqiniso kusukela kwaqala ukuwohloka komnotho, nangaphambili.
Ukunganaki irekhodi lakamuva lamaholo kanye nezinzuzo esikhathini esifushane, labo abahlasela abasebenzi bakahulumeni baphikisa ngokuthi inkambiso yesikhathi eside ibonisa amaholo abasebenzi bakahulumeni emashumini eminyaka amuva nje akhuphuke ngaphezu kwalawo ozakwabo emkhakheni ozimele. Kodwa kunezinkinga eziningana ngalo mugqa wokungqubuzana. Okokuqala, alinaki iqiniso lokuthi izinga lemfundo yabasebenzi bakahulumeni, ngokuvamile, liphakeme kunalelo lezinkampani ezizimele, ngokuvamile. Uma amazinga emfundo eqhathaniswa, amazinga amaholo omphakathi nezizimele, kanye nezinzuzo zamaholo zabasebenzi bakahulumeni kule minyaka engamashumi amabili edlule azikho ngaphezu kozakwabo bemboni ezimele.
Okwesibili, ukucekelwa phansi kwezinyunyana embonini yangasese bekwenzeka kusukela okungenani ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970. Emashumini amathathu eminyaka adlule umholo wangempela wamasonto onke wamaphesenti angama-90 aphansi wabasebenzi umile, kahle kakhulu, futhi wehlile kwabaningi balabo abangaphansi kwe-midpoint. Abasebenzi bezinyunyana ezizimele babengamaphesenti angama-22 ngo-1980. Namuhla bangaphansi kwamaphesenti ayi-7. Ngokuphambene, izinyunyana zabasebenzi bakahulumeni zisamele cishe amaphesenti angama-35 abasebenzi bomphakathi. Bakwazile ukugcina amazinga abo omholo kanye neholo ngenxa yalokho. Kuze kube manje, ukuxoxisana ngezivumelwano akubanga yisici esibalulekile embonini kahulumeni, ngokungafani nezinkampani ezizimele, lapho amaholo angempela kanye neholo limile futhi lehla ngenxa yamashumi amathathu eminyaka ezingxoxo zemvumelwano. Isibonelo, ama-autoworkers enza ngaphansi kwengxenye yalokho abakwenzile eminyakeni eyishumi edlule. Ngakho-ke okubukeka njengokukhushulwa kwamaholo alinganiselwe kubasebenzi bakahulumeni ukwehla kwamaholo kanye neholo labasebenzi bezinkampani ezizimele.
Akuzona Izinzuzo Zempesheni
Ukuhlanekezela okukhulu nakakhulu kuhlotshaniswa nezinzuzo zempesheni yabasebenzi bakahulumeni njengoba izikweletu zempesheni zesikhathi esizayo ezingaxhaswanga zifakwa ngobuhlakani kwizabelomali ezijwayelekile zokusebenza zezifundazwe ukuze kubonakale sengathi kushoda kwesabelomali okucatshangelwayo kuzokhuphuka. Ingxenye yezindleko zemihlomulo yempesheni yabasebenzi bakahulumeni ingxenye yentuthu nezibuko futhi ingxenye yangempela.
Ababusi beRiphabhulikhi abahola amacala kubasebenzi bakahulumeni, njengoChris Christie waseNew Jersey, balinganisela ngoJanuwari 2011 ukuthi igebe lezimali zempesheni kuzo zonke izifundazwe likhuphuke lafinyelela ku-$2 trillion kusukela ngo-2009. UChristie wabe eseyigcina ifinyelele ku-$2.5 trillion ngo-2010. igebe liphindeke kabili lisuka ku-$1 trillion laya ku-$2 trillion ngo-2009, futhi lowo nyaka kwaba unyaka wokuwa kwebhange kanye nokuwa kwezimali e-U.S., ukushoda kufanele ngokusobala kuhlobene nokuwa kwezimali ngo-2008-2009. Kodwa ukuze ukholwe uChristie, izimpesheni zabasebenzi zaziyimbangela yokuphinda kabili kwegebe. Uma lokho bekuyiqiniso, umuntu ubengalindela ukuthi imihlomulo yempesheni yabasebenzi bakahulumeni kufanele ibe kabili ukuze kuchazwe ngokwenyuka kwegebe lezimali. Kodwa umbhedo lowo. Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngaphambilini, isamba senzuzo yakamuva yenzuzo yabasebenzi bakahulumeni ibingamaphesenti angu-0.6 kuphela. Lokho bekungeke kudale igebe lemali yempesheni lika-$1 trillion.
Ngaphandle kwengxabano kaChristie ebuthakathaka, likhona igebe lemali yempesheni. Izimpesheni eziningi zohulumeni basekhaya nabasekhaya azixhaswa ngemali encane. I-Pew Center for the States yalinganisela ekupheleni konyaka wezimali ka-2008 ukuthi igebe lemali yempesheni, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, kanye nezinye izinzuzo lalilinganiselwa ku-$1 trillion. (Qaphela ukuthi lelo gebe lalihlanganisa okungaphezu nje kwezinzuzo zempesheni. Cishe ingxenye yaleyo, noma amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-500, yayinemali yempesheni engaxhaswanga.) Njengamanje, impesheni yomphakathi engaxhaswa ngemali cishe ilinganiselwa ku-$1 trillion, ngokusho kweNational Association of State Budget Officers. Kodwa umbuzo omqoka uthi, ziyini izimbangela zalesi sigebengu sokungaxhaswa noma sempesheni? Ngabe ukunyuswa kwemali yempesheni yabasebenzi bakahulumeni ngendlela engenamingcele? Noma ingabe iwumkhiqizo wokunye?
Eqinisweni, izindleko zempesheni zabasebenzi bakahulumeni azibangelwa ukukhuphuka kwemihlomulo yempesheni ngendlela engalawuleki, kodwa ubudedengu babaphathi bezikhwama zempesheni kanye, ngokungangabazeki, izenzo zabo zobugebengu ngokwezezimali.
Abaphathi besikhwama sempesheni yomphakathi kule minyaka eyishumi edlule bebelokhu beqagela ngokushesha nangokuxega ngamathuluzi ezezimali ayingozi, ngokubambisana ne-hedge funds namanye amabhange ethunzi. Lokho kutshalwa kwezimali okuyingozi kudale ukulahleka kwamarekhodi kumabhalansi esikhwama sempesheni. Lokho kulahlekelwa kwakamuva, ngaphezu kwalokho, kulandele amashumi eminyaka abaphathi bezikhwama zempesheni bememezela "amaholide omnikelo" -okungukuthi, ukwenqaba ukwenza iminikelo edingekayo ezikhwameni zempesheni - okwaqhubeka kulimaza impilo yezikhwama zabo zempesheni. Ukutshalwa kwezimali okuqagelwe kushabalele kanye nokwehluleka ukwenza iminikelo yizona zimbangela ezimbili zokushoda kwemali yempesheni yomphakathi. Yile mali ephansi ababusi abasebenzisa yona ukuze baveze ukushoda kwezimali, okuzosetshenziswa njengezaba zokuhlasela impesheni yabasebenzi bakahulumeni, izibonelelo zezempilo kanye namaholo.
Isibonelo salokhu sisanda kubikwa ngabakwa Wall Street Journal ngomhla zingama-25 kuMasingana, 2011. Uhlelo lwempesheni yabasebenzi base-Illinois luxhaswe ngamaphesenti angu-50 kuphela, nezikweletu ezingu-$136 wezigidigidi ekupheleni kuka-2010. Nokho, imbangela akukhona ukwenyuka kwenzuzo yempesheni yabasebenzi ngokweqile. "Ukuxhaswa ngezimali okuncane, okungesinye sezifundazwe ezimbi kakhulu esizweni, ngokwengxenye kuwumphumela wokuthi umbuso uvamise ukweqa iminikelo yawo etuswayo esikhwameni." Ngeshwa, i- Journal yaziba ingxenye yesibili yegebe lesikweletu sesikhwama sempesheni sase-Illinois: lingakanani lelo gebe elibangelwe ukulahlekelwa ekutshalweni kwemali okubi.
Izinzuzo zempesheni yabasebenzi bakahulumeni kanye nezindleko azizange ziphindwe kabili kule minyaka emibili edlule. Eqinisweni, abakaze bakhuphuke kule minyaka eyishumi edlule. Thatha, isibonelo, iCalifornia, izwe elinesabelomali esibi kakhulu. Izindaba ezishaqisayo eziyinganekwane zivela cishe nsuku zonke emaphephandabeni mayelana nokukhokhwa okukhulu kwempesheni kwabathatha umhlalaphansi emkhakheni kahulumeni. Kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi iCalPERS, isikhwama sempesheni yabasebenzi bakahulumeni, ikhokha kancane kancane u-$1,000 ngenyanga ngezinzuzo zomhlalaphansi ngaphansi nje kwengxenye yalabo asebethathe umhlalaphansi. Lokho kungu-$12,000 kuphela ngonyakaโfuthi ngaphansi kwezinga elisemthethweni lemali engenayo yobumpofu elingu-$19,800. Amanye amaphesenti angama-30 athola u-$3,000 ngenyanga noma ngaphansi. Futhi lokho kuyintela yangaphambili.
Izixazululo Zokushoda Kwesabelomali kanye Negebe Lempesheni
Izisombululo zokushoda kwesabelomali sombuso nohulumeni wasekhaya kumele ziqondise izimbangela zangempela zalokho kusilela. Ezinye iziphakamiso zifaka:
ยท Ukwenqaba kwebhizinisi ukusebenzisa imali engu-$2 trillion emisebenzini kuyimbangela enkulu yokushoda. Uhulumeni wobumbano kufanele aqale intela efanelekile emabhizinisini angatshali izimali futhi adale amathuba emisebenzi futhi asebenzise imali etholakala entela ukuze axhase ngezinsizakalo zikahulumeni wasekhaya nemisebenzi.
ยท Umthetho kufanele wethulwe kuKhongolose ukuze kuvinjwe ukuthuthwa kwebhizinisi kuye ezifundeni eziphansi zentela kuphela ngenjongo yokwehlisa izintela. Okulingana nentela yenhlangano kufanele kukhokhwe yizo zonke izinkampani ezithuthela endaweni yentela ephansi isikhathi esingafika eminyakeni emithathu. Inzuzo izokhokhwa kuhulumeni olahlekelwe yinkampani, ebekelwe ukwakhiwa kwemisebenzi kahulumeni.
ยท Uphahla olulingana noshintsho lwaminyaka yonke lwenkomba yentengo yomthengi kufanele lusethelwe ukwenyuka kwezindleko zeprimiyamu yokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngabadayisi bomshwalense wezempilo kohulumeni bezifundazwe nabasekhaya. Uma abahlinzeki bomshuwalense benqaba ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ngalezo zindleko, uhulumeni wesifundazwe kufanele andise uhlelo lwakhe lwezempilo lwabasebenzi be-Congressional ezifundazweni, ezihlanganisa bonke abasebenzi bakahulumeni kanye nabamukeli beMedicaid.
ยท Uhulumeni wobumbano kufanele ethule kabusha uxhaso lwe-Build America Bonds ezifundazweni nasemadolobheni abolekayo emakethe yamabhondi kamasipala ukuze ehlise amanani awo ezindleko zokuboleka. Intela yasebhange kufanele ikhokhiswe amabhange, inzuzo yayo ezosetshenziselwa ukuxhasa ngezimali umxhaso webhondi ye-muni.
ยท I-Federal Reserve Bank kufanele ihlinzeke ngemalimboleko yonyaka yezigidigidi ezingama-500 zamaRandi eminyakeni emibili ezayo ukuze ihlinzeke ngezimali mboleko zebhuloho kulezo zinhlelo zempesheni zikahulumeni wasekhaya kanye nezikhala zezimali ezingaphansi kwamaphesenti angama-85. Uma iFederal Reserve ingaboleka amabhange (okudale inkinga yezezimali kanye negebe elikhulu lempesheni) ama- $ 9 trillion, namabhange angaphandle ama- $ 1 trillion aleyo $9 trillion, lapho-ke ingaboleka izikhungo zezimali njengezikhwama zempesheni zabasebenzi bakahulumeni okungenani okufanayo eyibolekile. amabhange angaphandle.
ยท Ukuchibiyela uMthetho Wezimpesheni wezi-2006 ukuze uvimbele izikhwama zempesheni zabasebenzi bakahulumeni ukuthi zitshale ezikhwameni ze-hedge funds nakwezinye izikhungo zezezimali eziqagelayo. Izikhwama zempesheni kufanele zenqatshelwe ukuthi zitshale imali ephuma kuzo zonke izinhlobo.
ยท Izikhwama zempesheni yabasebenzi bakahulumeni kufanele zibeke umkhawulo emalini yempesheni ekhokhelwa abalawuli abahola kakhulu elilingana namaphesenti angeqile ku-125 wesisebenzi sikahulumeni esihola kakhulu ohlelweni.
ยท Amabhange, abadayisi, nabanye abaxhumanisi bezezimali kufanele badingeke ukuthi benze ngokwezimali wonke lawo madolobha nezifunda zesikole ezidukiswe ekubambeni iqhaza ekushintsheni kwezinga lenzalo kusukela ngo-2003 kuya ekuwohlokeni kwezimali kwango-2008.
Kunezingqinamba ezintathu ezinkulu phakathi nokuwohloka komnotho okuvimbela i-U.S. ekuzuzeni ukululama kweqiniso, okuqhubekayo: inkinga yemisebenzi, lapho abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-20 behlala bengasebenzi; inkinga yabanikazi bezindlu, lapho ukudliwa kwezindlu kuhlasele abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-10 kanti umkhakha wezindlu usalokhu udangele; kanye nenkinga yezimali ekhulayo yohulumeni basekhaya nabasekhaya. Ngaphandle kokubhekana nalezi zingqinamba ezintathu, ngeke kube nokusimama komnotho okusimeme. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma zingaxazululwa isikhathi eside, kungenzeka ukuthi isimo esibucayi somnotho siwohloke, okuholela ekuwohlokeni okukhulu komnotho.
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UJack Rasmus ungumbhali we I-Epic Recession: I-Prelude To Global Depression futhi okuzayo Umnotho Ka-Obama: Ukubuyiselwa Kwabambalwa (zombili zivela kuPluto Press).