Yeqa uBarry
Ngobunye ubusuku ekwindla edlule, inhlolovo yaseSeattle
bathole ukuthi izindawo zabo zokukhosela ezingenamakhaya seziphelile
amandla okusebenzela abantu abangaphezu kuka-2,500. Kodwa ngenxa yokuntuleka
indawo nezinsiza, kwadingeka bajikise abantu abangaphezu kuka-900 abangenamakhaya
abantu abadinga usizo. Ngeshwa, lokhu kufana nalokho
okwenzeka ezweni lonke. Ezweni lonke, iNgqungquthela yase-U.S
Izimeya zibika ukuthi isidingo sezindawo zokukhosela eziphuthumayo senyuke ngo
ngaphezu kwamaphesenti ayishumi, namadolobha angu-10 kwangu-8 abika ukuthi awo
izindawo zokukhosela eziphuthumayo kwadingeka zenqabe abantu, kuhlanganise nemindeni, ekugcineni
ngonyaka.
Isekelwe e-Seattle, Iholo Eliphansi laseWashington
I-Housing Institute (LIHI) izama ukunqamula ukuthula
mayelana nenkinga yezindlu yaleli zwe futhi inikeze usizo kuyo
izisulu. Ukunanela lokho iningi labaqashi banamuhla elizizwa ngaphansi kwalo
"Ukusimama komnotho" kukaMongameli Clinton, uJon weLIHI
UGould uthi, โUmnotho waseWashington uthathwa njengomunye wawo
eliqine kakhulu kuleli zwe, kodwa umbuzo omkhulu uthinta ukuthi ubani one-
bahlanganyele kuyo, njengoba kunemisebenzi eminingi etholakalayo, kodwa ngamaholo
engakwazi ukukhokha irenti. Nokushoda kwaleyo misebenzi engakwazi
amarenti akhokhelekayo akhula ngokushesha."
Ukuze uthole umbono mayelana nemvelo ezicashile
inkinga yezindlu yanamuhla, cabangela lesi simo esilandelayo. Iningi
abantu bangathola umsebenzi e-Seattle ngo-$6 kuya ku-$8 ngehora kanye nokukodwa
umuntu cishe angathola ifulethi elinekamelo elilodwa, uma ekhona
Ngenhlanhla, ngerenti yanyanga zonke engu-$450. Kusukela kulokho iningi lethu
isipiliyoni, sibonakala sithengeka kakhulu, akunjalo? Cha,
kusho uMnyango wezeZindlu nokuThuthukiswa kwamaDolobha. Ngokusho
ku-HUD, izindleko zezindlu eziphelele zibhekwa njengezithengekayo kuphela uma
ziwela ngaphansi kwamaphesenti angama-30 emali engenayo yomndeni. I-LIHI's Gould
uyaphawula, โImpela, othile angathola umsebenzi, kodwa cishe
basene-$5 eyengeziwe ukuya ku-$6 ngehora ngaphambi kokuyithola
izindlu ezithengekayo eSeattle." Akukhona kangako ngokuba
ukwazi ukukhokha irenti, imayelana nokukhokha irenti ethengekayo.
Kodwa izinombolo ezingenhla zingaba kalula
okubi kakhulu. Njengoba i-Fair Market Rent (FMR) yanoma iyiphi indawo
ibalwa yi-HUD njengephesenti elingu-40 lezindawo eziqashiswayo zaleyo ndawo,
ababezoba abaqashi abafuna indawo yokuhlala bangathola amaphesenti angu-40
yerenti engaphansi kwe-FMR yegumbi elilodwa lanyanga zonke lika-Seattle lama- $535, kodwa
okubaluleke kakhulu, amaphesenti angama-60 eziqashiso angaba ngaphezu kwawo. Amathuba
ukuthi abaqashi abahola kancane bazokhokha okungenani enye i-$80
noma ngaphezulu ngenyanga. Okwenza izinto zibe zimbi nakakhulu, iningi lamadolobha ase-U.S
baye babona izindlu zabo zokuhlala ezihlala ekamelweni elilodwa zehla kakhulu
ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-50 phakathi neminyaka engu-25 edlule, okwandayo kuphela
lawa marenti. Emadolobheni amaningi, akuvamile ukuthola amagumbi kuwo
izindlu zokulala ngo-$350 kuya ku-$450 ngenyanga. Uma izinto zibukeka zimfiliba
kubantu abangashadile abahola kancane, isimo sibukeka sisibi kakhulu
emindenini ehola kancane.
Baphakathi kwababili kwabathathu
abaqashisa abahola kancane e-United States yonkana abangatholi
noma yiluphi uhlobo losizo lwezindlu. Ngaphandle kosizo lwezindlu,
abaqashile abahola kancane bahlale bebhekene nobunzima
ukukhetha phakathi kokudla, izinsiza, okokugqoka kanye nerenti, hhayi
yisho usongo oluhlala lukhona lokuxoshwa kanye nokungabi namakhaya.
Ukushoda Kwezindlu
Ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile, izindlu
ukukwazi ukukhokhela akuyona nje indaba yasemadolobheni noma "inhlalakahle"
inkinga kodwa inabela kuzo zonke izifunda zendawo futhi ithinta kokubili
imindeni esebenzayo nengasebenzi, futhi ihlanganisa zonke izinhlanga
namaqembu ezizwe.
Ezweni lonke ngo-1970 babeyizigidi ezingu-7.4
amayunithi aqashisayo aphansi anabaqashi abampofu abayizigidi eziyisi-6.5 (abangenayo
$12,000 noma ngaphansi), okwenza insalela yamayunithi angama-900,000 aqashwe kancane. Kodwa
ngo-1993 kwakunezindlu eziqashisayo eziphansi eziyizigidi eziyisi-6.5 kuphela ezingu-11.2
izigidi zabaqashisa abahola kancane. Lokho kusho ukushoda kwezigidi ezingu-4.7
amayunithi aqashisayo athengekayo. Futhi lesi sibalo ngokungangabazeki senyukile
kusuka lapho.
INtshonalanga kanye neNyakatho-mpumalanga zihlupheka
igebe elikhulu kakhulu lokufinyeleleka. Lapho, cishe abaqashi abathathu abahola kancane
vie ngeyunithi ngayinye ethengekayo. Imali yokugibela yaseMidwest naseNingizimu
okungcono kodwa kusenabaqashi ababili kuwo wonke amafulethi athengekayo.
E-Chicago, abaqashi abahola kancane abangu-260,000 baqhudelana abangu-142,400.
amayunithi okuqasha abiza kancane. Futhi, cishe abaqashi ababili abahola kancane
yonke iyunithi ethengekayo.
Lokhu kushoda kubonisa lokho abahola kancane
abantu asebeyazi: leyo rent idla kakhulu futhi
ngaphezulu kweholo labo. Njengamanje, amaphesenti angama-82 abantu abahola kancane
Imindeni isebenzisa okungenani amaphesenti angama-30 omholo wayo ekuthengeni izindlu
izindleko kuyilapho amaphesenti angu-60 emindeni ehola kancane esebenzisa okungenani ama-50
amaphesenti omholo wabo wezindlu. Ngokuqhubekayo, 83
amaphesenti abaqashi abahola kancane emadolobheni amaphakathi, amaphesenti angama-87 ngo
izindawo ezisemadolobheni kanye namaphesenti angama-74 ezindaweni zasemakhaya zikhokha okungenani ezingama-30
amaphesenti omholo wabo wezindlu.
Ngokusobala inkinga yezindlu zombili a
ezezindlu kanye nenkinga yezomnotho. Kusukela ngo-1977, amaphesenti
abantu abadla imbuya ngothi banyuke besuka kumaphesenti ayi-11.6 baya ku-15.1
amaphesenti ngo-1995, akhombisa ngokwengxenye amandla anciphayo
umholo omncane kanye nosizo lwemali yezenhlalakahle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo
abantu abahlala ebumpofu noma eduze nabo bebelokhu bekhula, bayathengeka
Impahla yezindlu iye yehla ngenxa yokuncipha kukahulumeni
usizo lwezindlu, amarenti akhuphukayo, ukwakhiwa okusha okusezingeni eliphezulu,
ukuguqulwa kwe-condominium, i-gentrification yendawo, kanye
ukubhidlizwa kwamayunithi akhona awohlokayo.
Usizo Lwezindlu
Ngokuqala kwenkinga yezindlu
ekuqaleni kwawo-1970, iCongress yandisa imali yokwakhiwa kwezindlu
usizo. Kusukela ngo-1977 kuya ku-1980 i-HUD inikeze izimali ze-290,000
amayunithi engeziwe ahola kancane ngonyaka. Kodwa ngemva kosizo luka-1980
yehle ngesivinini esishaqisayo, yehla yaba ngu-15,000 XNUMX kuphela abengeziwe
amayunithi ngo-1995. Okubi nakakhulu, isabelomali sika-1996 sayiqeda imali
nganoma yimaphi amayunithi amasha engeziwe futhi ngokokuqala ngqa kusukela ngo-1974
UKhongolose ukhiphe iqanda loxhaso kuzo zombili izabelomali zika-1995 no-1996
ngezitifiketi ezintsha, ezengeziwe zeSigaba 8. Lezi zitifiketi
vumela abaqashisi abahola kancane ukuthi bakhokhe amaphesenti angama-30 omholo wabo
ukuqasha ngamayunithi angaxhasiwe emakethe yangasese. Ngenxa yeqiniso
ukuthi umthetho othi "one-for-one" umisiwe, i
uhulumeni wobumbano akusadingeki anikeze okusha, okwengeziwe
iyunithi noma isitifiketi seSigaba sawo wonke amayunithi adiliziwe. Kafushane,
uhulumeni wobumbano uye walahla noma yimuphi umthwalo wemfanelo
ukwakhiwa kwezindlu ezintsha, ezengeziwe ezithengekayo.
Ukuthi imakethe yangasese yenqaba ukuhlinzeka
amayunithi abiza kancane angabonakala engxenyeni ekhulayo yezindleko eziphansi
amayunithi ancike osizweni lukahulumeni: ekuqaleni kwawo-1970 axhaswa
amayunithi akha amaphesenti angama-20 awo wonke amayunithi angabizi kakhulu, kodwa ngeminyaka yawo-1990
isabelo sezindlu ezisekelwa uhulumeni sikhule saba yingxenye yazo zonke
amayunithi abiza kancane. Sekukonke, usizo lukahulumeni aluzange lube khona
ziyakhula, kodwa imakethe yangasese ethengekayo iyancipha,
okuholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kwamayunithi athengekayo. Njengemfihlo
imakethe iya ngokuya ingazimisele ukuyidala futhi iqhubeke
amafulethi athengekayo, ukwesekwa kanye noxhaso lukahulumeni
usizo kufanele lukhule, lunganciphi. Uma kungenjalo
usizo lukahulumeni eminyakeni engu-20 edlule oluthengekayo
Igebe lezindlu lingaba izigidi eziyisi-7 esikhundleni sokushoda kwamanje kwe
cishe amayunithi ayizigidi ezi-5. I-LIHI's Gould iyavuma, "Ngaphandle
ngosizo lukahulumeni, kuzoba nabantu abaningi ngokwengeziwe abaphilayo
emaphethelweni nasemigwaqweni kunalokho osekuvele kwenzeka."
I-Safety Net Delivers, ucwaningo lwakamuva
ekhishwe yiCentre on Budget and Policy Priorities (CBPP),
iqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwezinhlelo zikahulumeni, uma kufanele
isekelwe futhi ixhaswe ngokwanele ngezimali, ekusizeni abantu nge
abahola kancane. Ngaphambi kosizo lukahulumeni, cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingama-57
U-1995 wehla ngaphansi komugqa wobumpofu. Kodwa emva kukahulumeni
ngosizo, isibalo sabantu abampofu sehle safinyelela ku-30
izigidi. Ngamanye amazwi, izinhlelo zikahulumeni zenyuse cishe ama-50
amaphesenti, noma abantu abayizigidi ezingu-27, ngaphezu komugqa wobumpofu osemthethweni.
Futhi njengoba ucwaningo lusho, โlabo abasala bempofu babenjalo
abampofu kakhulu kunalokho abebengaba nakho ngaphandle
usizo lukahulumeni." Uma inethi yokuphepha ibinamandla, ngaphezulu
babezobalekela ubumpofu futhi abengeziwe babeyokhokha irenti.
Ngeshwa, njengenye i-CBPP yakamuva
isifundo, Ukuthwala Iningi Lomthwalo, igqamisa, ukushoda
ukuncishiswa kokuhlanya kweCongress ye-104 kwashaya izinhlelo ezinzima kakhulu kuzo
abantu abahola kancane. Uxhaso lukahulumeni lwezimfanelo zabantu abahola kancane
uzokwehliswa okulinganiselwa ku-$61 billion
1996-2002, kuyilapho izinhlelo ezingezona ezihola kancane zizoba njalo
yehliswe ngamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4.1 kuphela. Nakuba bebalelwa ku-23 kuphela
iphesenti lokuchithwa kwamalungelo, amalungelo omholo ophansi athintekile
Amaphesenti angama-93 okwehliswa kwamalungelo.
Ngenxa yalokhu kuncipha kwemali kahulumeni,
ukwanda ngasikhathi sinye kwemindeni ehlwempu
kuhlanganiswe nokuncipha kwawo womabili amafulethi athengekayo ku
izimakethe ezizimele kanye namayunithi axhaswe ngezimali nguhulumeni kusho lokho
amakhaya afanelekayo anemali ephansi angase achithe iminyaka elindile
uhlu, uma izinhlu zivuliwe nhlobo.
Njengoba kuphela labo abafanelekela ukuba yi-federal
okuthandwayo banethuba ohlwini lokulinda, abaningi abafanelekile
imindeni ehola kancane ayihlangabezani nezintandokazi zenhlangano. Uma bona
abakhokhi ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-50 omholo wabo
izindleko zezindlu, ukuhlala ezindlini ezisezingeni eliphansi noma ngaphansi kwazo
ukufuduka ngokuzenzakalelayo, abanalo ithuba elingokoqobo loku
njalo bathole usizo lwezindlu. Ngamanye amazwi, labo abakhokhayo
ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-40 omholo wabo wokuqasha kodwa abaphili
ezindlini ezisezingeni eliphansi noma abasuswanga ngokuthanda kwabo
ukungatholi usizo lwezindlu esikhathini esizayo esibonakalayo. Futhi njengoba kunjalo manje
Kodwa-ke, bangamaphesenti angama-30 kuphela abantu abahola kancane abathola izindlu
usizo, olugxeka kakhulu ukuphila isheke elilodwa kude
imigwaqo.
Ukwehla kwamaholo
Ukuqhubeka nokubonisa indima ebalulekile
wokungenelela kukahulumeni, cabangela amandla amancane
iholo. Ukucatshangelwa okusemthethweni okunikezwe imiphumela yakamuva emibili
izifundo. I-Underbelly of the U.S. Economy, nguMkhandlu ngo
Izindaba Zamazwe Ngamazwe Nezomphakathi, imibhalo ye
"i-pauperization" inqubo emsebenzini ngaphakathi komnotho.
Ngokusho kocwaningo, kusukela ngo-1979 kuya ku-1995 ukulahlekelwa okuphelele kwe-2.2
izigidi zemisebenzi zenzekile ngesikhathi kwenziwa isevisi
umkhakha ukhiqize imisebenzi eyizigidi ezingama-29. Iqinisekisa lokho iningi labasebenzi
vele uyazi: ukuthi imisebenzi yokukhiqiza ekhokha amaholo aphezulu
esikhundleni semisebenzi yomkhakha wesevisi ekhokha ngezansi noma eduze
ubumpofu. Isibonelo, isilinganiso semali engenayo yamasonto onke, kusho i-
umbiko, embonini yokudayisa izongenisa imali engenayo yonyaka
$11,532; okuyinto ewela ngaphansi komugqa wobumpofu osemthethweni womndeni
kwezintathu. Njengoba kunikezwe iqiniso lokuthi "kusukela ngo-1989 ukuhweba okudayisa
umkhakha udala imisebenzi eminingi kunokukhiqiza,"
ukuqashwa kwezinga elincane lomholo ngeshwa kuzokwenyuka
okuvame kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kubasebenzi abangenalo ulwazi,
ukuqeqeshwa noma imfundo elinganiselwe. Okusabisa kakhulu, ucwaningo
eyenziwa yi-Economic Policy Institute amaphrojekthi okuthi uma eyodwa
abamukeli bezenhlalakahle abayizigidi bangena emakethe yezabasebenzi, amaholo
abasebenzi abaphansi abayizigidi ezingama-30, noma labo abenza imali engaphansi kuka-$7.19
ihora lizokwehla ngamaphesenti angu-12.
Iholo elincane elizosetshenziswa maduze lika
$5.15 ayikwazi ukukhokha amarenti athengekayo. Ku-45 uthi umholo omncane
kuzomele kuphindwe kabili, futhi kuphindwe kathathu ezindaweni eziningi zamadolobha amakhulu,
ukukhokha irenti. Isibonelo, e-Seattle abasebenzi kuzodingeka
zuza okungenani u-$10 ngehora ukuze ukhokhe ngezinga elithengekayo lika-Seattle
I-FMR yekamelo elilodwa lama- $535 nangaphezulu kwama- $13 ngehora ukuyikhokha
I-FMR enamagumbi amabili okulala ka-$690. Abasebenzi ezweni lonke kuzodingeka
ithola cishe u-$10.44 ngehora ukumboza irenti yezwe lonke
yeyunithi enamagumbi amabili okulala. Ukukhushulwa komholo okuncane kakhulu,
sekwephuzile.
Ukwenza Buthaka Izenhlalakahle
Ngeshwa, kuba kubi kakhulu kuphela
abamukeli bezenhlalakahle Ohlelweni Lwezinguquko oluya kwabaswele
Imindeni (TANF) kanye nezinhlelo Zokuvikeleka Okungeziwe (SSI).
Esifundeni sase-Washington, isibonelo, isheke eliphezulu lanyanga zonke le-TANF
ka-$546 emndenini wabathathu kwehla ngama-dollar angama-82 kweyaseWashington
I-FMR enamagumbi amabili okulala ka-$630. Akukubi kakhulu uma ucabanga nge-Mississippi
isibonelelo sanyanga zonke sabantu abathathu esingu-$120 kanye nesase-Alabama sika-$164
isibonelelo sikahulumeni esiphezulu sabantu abathathu sihlanganisa kuphela amaphesenti angama-29 kanye nama-38
amaphesenti ama-FMR abo. Futhi ngesilinganiso sabantu abangu-3
isabelo sesitembu sokudla somndeni kuphela $175 ngenyanga, akwenzi
isifaca esiningi. E-Alaska nase-Vermont kuphela enza inhlalakahle
usizo lusondela noma yikuphi ukukhokha irenti.
Ngaphansi kwemithetho emisha ye-TANF, yanyanga zonke
Isibonelelo se-TANF sizohlala singashintshi kuze kube unyaka ka-2002, futhi manje izifundazwe zinjalo
ngaphandle kwezibopho zokunikeza usizo kunoma ubani noma
hlinzeka okwengeziwe ngezikhathi zokuwohloka komnotho noma izidingo. Umthethosivivinywa omusha wezenhlalakahle,
eyaqala ukusebenza ngo-October 1, 1996, nayo inciphisa isitembu sokudla
izinzuzo ngamaphesenti angu-20 kubo bonke abamukeli bezitembu zokudla, kuhlanganisa
abantu abasebenzayo abahola kancane, abadala nabakhubazekile. Futhi,
imfundo nokuqeqeshwa komsebenzi akusabalwa njengokugcwalisa
imfuneko "yemali yokusebenza", evimbela futhi inhlalakahle
abamukeli ekutholeni umsebenzi okhokhelayo ofanele. Futhi inikezwe
iqiniso lokuthi abane kwabahlanu abamukeli bezenhlalakahle abatholi lutho
uhlobo losizo lwezindlu, inkinga yezindlu ebhekene kakhulu
abamukeli bezenhlalakahle bazoqinisa kuphela.
Uhlelo lwe-Supplemental Security Income
(SSI) ihlinzeka ngosizo lwemali lwanyanga zonke kubadala abaswele kakhulu,
nakubantu abakhubazekile nabakhubazekile. Ngokwesilinganiso, i-SSI
abamukeli bazosebenzisa amaphesenti angama-87 emali yabo yesibonelelo yanyanga zonke
izindleko zezindlu. Isibonelo, i-SSI yomuntu oyedwa yaseNew Jersey
Isibonelelo sika-$477 kufanele sikhokhe i-Fair Market Rent engu-$644.
Kodwa nalezi zibonelelo ezincane zizoba ezesikhashana
abamukeli abasha. Umthethosivivinywa omusha wezenhlalakahle, Isibopho Somuntu Siqu
kanye noMthetho Wamathuba Omsebenzi, wehlisa kakhulu inani lalabo
(okuhlanganisa nezingane) ezingase zithole izinzuzo ze-SSI ngokukhawulela
izinhlobo zokukhubazeka ukuze zifaneleke. Ngaphansi komthethosivivinywa omusha,
labo abanokukhubazeka okuningi abangahlangabezani ne
izindlela ezintsha zokufaneleka, kodwa zibavimbele ekutholeni futhi
ukugcina umsebenzi, angeke athole noma yiluphi usizo lwezezimali, futhi
ngakho-ke cishe bazosala bazinakekele njalo
ukuqinisa izimakethe zezindlu. Iningi lizowela ngeshwa
imifantu. Ngokusho kweNational Coalition for the Homeless,
cishe amaphesenti angama-25 abantu abangabodwa abangenamakhaya bahlushwa
uhlobo oluthile lokugula kwengqondo. Kodwa imindeni ehola kancane, nge
amalungu omndeni akhubazekile noma akhubazekile, kuzoba nzima kakhulu
shaya.
Ukwehla kwezimali zikahulumeni ze
izinhlelo ezihola kancane kuhlanganiswe nenkambiso yamanje ebheke emisebenzini
ukuthi ukukhokha amaholo anganele kuye kwaphoqa abaningi abahola kancane ukuba
bahlala ngaphansi kwezimo ezisezingeni eliphansi, eziminyene, noma ezingaphephile. Kuyi-
evamile, hhayi okuhlukile. Njengoba i-LIHI's Gould iqinisekisa, "Ake
bhekana nayo, uma ithengeka, kungenzeka isezingeni eliphansi
izinga." Thatha iCalifornia, ngokwesibonelo, lapho ingaphezu kwama-80
iphesenti labaqashi abahola kancane bakhokha irenti eningi kakhulu noma abahlala kuyo
izimo ezingafanele. Ezweni lonke, amaphesenti angama-65 abantu abahola kancane
abaqashile bahlala ezindlini ezingathengeki, eziminyene noma
ezingeni eliphansi. Ezimweni eziningi, akukhona mayelana nokukhokha
irenti engathengeki, kodwa ngezingane ezihlala ezindlini ezigugile
elingenakushisa okwanele noma elinabantu abaningi kakhulu noma elinezindonga
egcwele ngopende womthofu.
Solutions
I-LIHI ihlasela inkinga yezindlu kusuka
ama-engeli amaningi. Basungule isikhwama se-state-wide trust ukuthi
isebenza njengomthombo ovuselelekayo wemali yokuthenga nokwakha
izindlu ezithengekayo, kanye nokuvuselela kanye nesimo sezulu esikhona
izindlu ezithengekayo. Ngaphansi kwemodeli yokuzisiza, i-LIHI
ikhuthaza ukuzilawula kwalezi zinyunithi ngabahola kancane
abaqashi abahlala kuzo.
Ukumela kwabo kwezepolitiki, okugcizelelayo
ukuhlela abaqashi abahola kancane, kwasiza ukunqoba inhlolovo ukuthi
wakhokhisa intela yendawo eholele ekudalweni kwe
1,000 amayunithi athengekayo. Baphinde basekele inani elikhulayo le
imikhankaso "yomholo ophilayo" ezweni lonke efuna
akhuphule isilinganiso somholo esinqunyiwe sibe yizindinganiso ezingasetshenziswa. Futhi nakuba
Umthetho wesifunda saseWashington uvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe
ukulawula ukuqasha, i-LIHI ilokhu ikulwela. "Ngoba uma singakwenzi
ngandlela thize uthole isivalo ezindlekweni zezindlu ngokusebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lwerenti
ukulawula, kuzohlale kunenkinga yezindlu," kusho i-LIHI
Gould, โfuthi izindlu ezengeziwe kufanele zibe ngaphansi kokulawulwa ngumphakathi
futhi ngaphandle kwemakethe eqagelayo."
Yize i-LIHI igcizelela indima esebenzayo ye-
umphakathi, uJon Gould uyagcizelela, "Ayikho enye indawo
indima yenhlangano ezindlini. Izinsiza ze-federal ziningi kakhulu
ezinkulu kunezinsiza zombuso nezendawo, kufanele njalo
bafuna ukuthi babambe iqhaza ezindlini ezithengekayo." For without
uhulumeni wobumbano, amaqembu omphakathi awakwazi ukuqhubeka, kanye
isidingo sezindlu ezithengekayo siyohlala sisikhulu kakhulu kunalokho
ukutholakala.
Outlook
Ngemiholo yangempela imile futhi ikhaya
amanani akhuphuka, amazinga obunikazi bekhaya kumaqembu obudala obungaphansi kweminyaka yobudala
kwabangama-45 benqabile. Ukwanda kwesidingo sokuthi imali engenayo ephezulu
abaqashi bangenisa echibini lokuqasha bakhuphula kuphela imali yokuqasha, okuyinto
kubhebhethekisa usizi lwabaqashi abahola kancane.
Ukufiphaza okwengeziwe ikusasa, okwakamuva kanye
okunye ukwehla okulindelekile ku-Earned Income Tax Credit, i-Medicaid,
inhlalakahle, izitembu zokudla kanye nenhlobonhlobo yezinsizakalo zezenhlalakahle zinakho kuphela
ukwanda kwengcindezi kubaqashi abahola kancane.
Kuze kube khona kokubili ukuvumelana komphakathi kanye
ukuzibophezela kwezombusazwe kuleli zwe mayelana nesidingo soku
izindlu eziphephile, ezithengekayo futhi ezinomphela njengemfuneko ye
impilo yomndeni kanye nomphakathi, izinqubomgomo zebanga elifushane zizo
kuphela anele. Kuze kufinyelelwe ezindlini ezihloniphekile nezithengekayo
liqashelwa njengelungelo lomuntu eliyisisekelo, amaqembu omphakathi
njenge-LIHI izovele ikhungatheke ekuzameni ukuhlangana
izimfuno ezikhulayo ngezinsiza ezilokhu zincipha. Futhi kuze kube
ukwakhiwa kwamathuba emisebenzi ngamaholo "okukhona" a
Okubalulekile, abasebenzi bazoqhubeka nokuthola irenti yabo idla kakhulu
zamasheke abo okuhola. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, abantu abaningi ngokwengeziwe futhi
imindeni izobhekana nokukhetha okunzima phakathi kwezingubo, ukudla,
imfundo, ukunakekelwa kwezingane kanye nerenti. Futhi uma kukhona okufanele ashelele, bona
uzojoyina abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi abangenamakhaya
noma ibuphi ubusuku e-U.S., amaphesenti angu-40 awo ayimikhaya.
Z