In ephendula ukuhlaselwa kwencwadi yakhe e Washington Post, u-Antonia Juhasz wachaza, "Umgomo wami ngokubhala Ubushiqela Bakawoyela bekuwukuhlinzeka ngohlaziyo obelungekho kakhulu ezincwadini zase-US kusukela ngo-1975 ukushicilelwa kwencwadi yakudala ka-Anthony Sampson, Odadewabo Abayisikhombisa: ukugxeka okudingekile ngokujulile nangokujulile kwesimo samanje semboni kawoyela yase-US esiphinde siphakamise amazwi alabo abangazwakali njalo ezinhlelweni zezindaba zasebusuku, ezikhangisweni zethelevishini nasezincwadini."
UJuhasz waphumelela kulowo mgomo kwabe sekulandela amanye. Ubushiqela Bakawoyela kuwukubukezwa okubhalwe ngokuqinile kokukhula kwe-Big Oil, kusukela emsuka wayo ekuthathweni kwamandla kwekhulu le-19 lika-John D. Rockefeller kanye nomfanekiso wakhe kuya ekukhuleni kwezinkampani ezinkulu ze-petroleum. Ngokusobala, umhlaba wezingqungquthela zikawoyela ubulokhu unonya. Isahluko sokuqala sicaphuna uRockefeller ethi, "Indlela yokwenza imali ukuthenga lapho igazi ligijima emigwaqweni." Kodwa uJuhasz ukhombisa ukuthi umbuso kaBush, owawugcwele odokotela bezilwane embonini kawoyela, wathatha uwoyela omkhulu/ukuxhumana kwezempi kwafika ezingeni elisha. Ucaphuna u-Kevin Phillips, ochaza "i-petrol-imperialism" kaBush eyenza "inguquko yezempi yase-US ibe amandla okuvikela uwoyela womhlaba."
Le ncwadi iqala ngesigaba sentatheli ephenyayo eyiphayona u-Ida Tarbell kanye nempi yakhe yokuqala yekhulu lama-20 ngokumelene ne-Standard Oil. Ukudalulwa kuka-Tarbell kwabhebhethekisa ulaka lomphakathi kwa-Standard trust futhi kwasiza ekuvuleni indlela yomthetho owahlakaza i-Standard Oil ngo-1911. Nakuba izingxenye ezihlukene ze-trust zaphinde zasungulwa kamuva, u-Juhasz wethula umkhankaso ophumelelayo u-Tarbell wasiza inhlansi njengesibonelo esifundisayo izishoshovu zanamuhla.
Iziqhwaga zikawoyela, okuyizinkampani ezinenzuzo enkulu kunazo zonke ezake zaba khona, zisebenzisa imali enkulu ekushiseni okuluhlaza kwe-PR. Nokho ucwaningo lukaJuhasz lubonisa ukuthi iningi lichitha imali edabukisayo engu-1 kuya ku-4 wesamba sezindleko zemali kwezinye izindlela zamandla aluhlaza. Ngaphezu kokudalula nokuhlunga idatha yenkampani kawoyela, u-Juhasz wenze konke okusemandleni akhe ukuze axoxisane nama-Big Oil operative. Nakuba enqatshelwe kaningi ukufinyelela kuningi lezikhulu ezinjalo, wakhuluma noJohn Felmy, isazi sezomnotho esiphezulu senhlangano ehamba phambili yezohwebo embonini kawoyela. U-Felmy uvumile ukuthi phakathi "kobuchwepheshe bamandla obusafufusa" kukhona ukutshalwa kwezimali "kuma-hydrocarbon asemngceleni" njengezihlabathi zetiyela ne-oyela shale, uJuhasz ayichaza ngokuthi "izindlela zokukhipha uwoyela eziyingozi nakakhulu endaweni ezungezile futhi eyingozi kunezindlela zendabuko."
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Big Oil ikhulise kakhulu ukumba olwandle emanzini ashona ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-500. Ukumba okunjalo ekujuleni kolwandle kukhipha i-methane, okungenani izikhathi ezingu-20 igesi ebamba ukushisa kunesikhutha.
Ngethemba lokuthi lezi zinkampani zizosisiza ukuthi siyeke ukuba umlutha kawoyela njengoba zibeka amabhodi ezikhangiso ezinhlobo ezibukeka kahle ezithi izinto ezinjengokuthi "Ngizodla kancane" akulona iqhinga elihlakaniphile. U-Juhasz futhi uyazi kahle izingozi zokuthemba ukuthi amaDemocrats azokwenza umsebenzi onzima wokususa umhlaba othuthukile kude nomnotho osekelwe ku-petroleum. Kepha unombono ongacacile walokho okungenzeka ngesenzo sesakhamuzi futhi ugcizelela isidingo sokugcina ingcindezi kuCongress kanye nokuphatha kuka-Obama.
Nakuba engakukhohlisi umbhikisho wasemgwaqweni njengowukuphela kwethuluzi lesishoshovu elifanelekayo esagani esathathwa, okuningi uJuhasz agxile kukho kusala ebulungiswa bezenhlalo emazingeni aphansi kanye nezenzo zokulwa nempi ezithatha Amafutha Amakhulu.
Njengoba uJuhasz ehlala e-San Francisco, kunengqondo ukuthi inhloso enkulu yocwaningo lwakhe yi-Chevron Corp yaseSan Ramon. Lesi sikhondlakhondla samafutha savuna inzuzo engu-$18.7 billion ngo-2007. Ukunikezwa kukawoyela e-Iraq. I-Chevron yayingomunye wabamukeli bokuqala bezinkontileka zokumaketha ngemva kokuhlasela kwe-Iraq ngo-2003 futhi manje ikhangisa amanani abalulekile kawoyela wase-Iraq.
I-Chevron izozuza kakhulu ngokuphasiswa komthetho we-Iraq Oil Law osaphushwa uhulumeni wase-US kanye ne-International Monetary Fund. Lo mthetho, okuwuhlaka lwawo olwanikezwa abaphathi bezinkampani zikawoyela zamazwe ngamazwe kanye ne-IMF ukuze ubuyekezwe ngaphambi kokuba ubonwe amalungu ephalamende lase-Iraq, uzokhipha imboni kawoyela yase-Iraq ibe yimfihlo, ushiye okungenani izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zikawoyela wase-Iraq uvulekele ukulawula izinkampani zangaphandle ngaphansi kwezinkontileka. ehlala isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi.
Ngibuze uJuhasz ngomkhankaso wakhe oqhubekayo ngokumelene neChevron. Wangithumelela i-imeyili: "Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule, bengisebenza neqembu elingakaze libonwe lemiphakathi, izishoshovu, nezinhlangano ezithintekayo nge-Chevron evela kulo lonke elase-Bay Area, esizweni, kanye nasemhlabeni jikelele. Ngenkathi uMbiko Wonyaka ka-Chevron ka-2008 abanikazi bamasheya bawo kuwumkhosi ocwebezelayo omemezela unyaka onenzuzo enkulu yenkampani emlandweni wayo, ayibatsheli abanikazi bamasheya bayo izindleko zangempela ezikhokhelwe leyo mbuyiselo yezezimali: izimpilo ezilahlekile, izimpi ezilwiwayo, ukucekelwa phansi kwemiphakathi, ukuwohloka kwezindawo, ukuwohloka kwezindlela zokuziphilisa, namazwi ezombusazwe. kuthuliswe. Ngakho-ke salungiselela I-Alternative Annual Report ye-Chevron enesihloko esithi 'Izindleko Zangempela Ze-Chevron.'" U-Juhasz nabanye banikeze umbiko kwa-Chevron nakubanikazi bamasheya bayo emhlanganweni waminyaka yonke wabanikazi bamasheya e-San Ramon ngoMeyi 27, kuyilapho amakhulu ambalwa abantu esiteji. umbhikisho emasangweni ezinkampani zenkampani.