I-Pinochet

Cngenkathi ibhekene nokuzamazama komhlaba kwezenhlalo ngemuva kokuzamazama kwe-8.8 magnitude okwahlasela izwe ngoFebhuwari 27. "Amaphutha esimangaliso somnotho waseChile adaluliwe," kusho u-Elias Padilla, uprofesa we-anthropology e-Academic University of Christian Humanism. eSantiago. "Imakethe yamahhala, imodeli yezomnotho ye-neo-liberal elandelwa yiChile kusukela umbuso wobushiqela wasePinochet unodaka."

I-Chile ingenye yemiphakathi engalingani kakhulu emhlabeni. Namuhla, amaphesenti angu-14 abantu aphila ngobumpofu obukhulu. Amaphesenti angu-20 aphezulu athatha amaphesenti angu-50 emali engenayo yezwe, kanti amaphesenti angu-20 aphansi ahola kuphela amaphesenti amahlanu. Ocwaningweni lwango-5 lweBhange Lomhlaba emazweni angu-2005, iChile yaklelisa endaweni ye-124 ohlwini lwamazwe anokwabiwa kwemali okubi kakhulu.

Imibono edlangile yemakethe yamahhala ikhiqize umuzwa ojulile wokuhlukaniswa phakathi kweningi labantu. Nakuba umfelandawonye wamaqembu kwesokunxele wathatha isikhundla sombuso we-Pinochet eminyakeni engu-20 edlule, wakhetha ukususa ipolitiki ezweni, ukubusa kusukela phezulu kuya phansi, nokuvumela kuphela ukhetho olulawulwayo njalo ngemva kweminyaka embalwa, igwema izinhlangano ezithandwayo nezinhlangano zomphakathi ezazibambile. wehlise ubushiqela.

Lokhu kuchaza izigcawu zokuphangwa kanye neziyaluyalu zomphakathi engxenyeni eseningizimu yezwe ezasakazeka emhlabeni wonke ngosuku lwesithathu ngemva kokuzamazama komhlaba. EConcepcion, idolobha lesibili ngobukhulu eChile, elacekelwa phansi ukuzamazama komhlaba, inani labantu lalingatholanga nhlobo usizo kuhulumeni omkhulu izinsuku ezimbili. Izitolo ezinkulu nezitolo ezinkulu ezithathe indawo yezitolo zasendaweni phakathi neminyaka edlule zahlala zivalwe ngokuqinile.

Ukulungisa Ama-akhawunti

Pukukhungatheka okumangalisayo kwaqhuma njengoba abantu bengena esikhungweni sezentengiselwano, bekhipha yonke into, hhayi nje ukudla kwasezitolo ezinkulu, kodwa nezicathulo, izingubo zokugqoka, ama-TV e-plasma, nomakhalekhukhwini. Lokhu bekungekona ukuphanga okulula, kodwa ukulungiswa kwama-akhawunti ngohlelo lwezomnotho olubeka ukuthi impahla nempahla kuphela ebalulekile. I-"gente decente" (abantu abahloniphekile) kanye nabezindaba baqala ukubhekisela kubo njengama-lummpens, abacekeli, nabahlukumezi. "Uma ukungalingani kwezenhlalo kukhulu, kuyanda ubuhlongandlebe," kuchaza u-Hugo Fruhling we-Center for the Study of Citizen Security eNyuvesi yaseChile.

I-Bachelet uphayinaphu

Ezinsukwini ezimbili ngaphambi kwalezi zibhelu, uhulumeni kaMichele Bachelet udalule ukungakwazi kwawo ukuqonda nokubhekana nezinhlekelele zabantu ezenzeke ezweni. Ongqongqoshe abaningi bebesemaholidini ehlobo noma bezikhotha amanxeba njengoba belungiselela ukunikeza amahhovisi abo kuhulumeni ozayo wophiko lwesokudla lukasozigidigidi uSebastian Piñera, owafungiswa ngoLwesine, Mashi 11. UBachelet umemezele ukuthi izidingo zezwe kufanele zifezeke. zicwaningwe futhi zihlolwe ngaphambi kokuthi kuthunyelwe noma yiluphi usizo. Ngosuku lokuzamazama komhlaba, wayala amasosha ukuba abeke indiza enophephela emhlane ukuze indize phezu kweConcepcion ukuze ihlole umonakalo, kodwa ayizange ibonakale indiza enophephela emhlane futhi uhambo lwashiywa. Njengoba uCarlos L. ongaziwa abhala ku-imeyili esakazwe kabanzi eChile: “Kungaba nzima kakhulu emlandweni wezwe ukuthola uhulumeni onezinsizakusebenza eziningi ezinamandla—ezobuchwepheshe, ezomnotho, ezombangazwe, zenhlangano—ohlulekile ukunikeza noma iyiphi impendulo ezidingweni eziphuthumayo zezenhlalo yazo zonke izifunda eziphethwe ukwesaba, isidingo sendawo yokuhlala, amanzi, ukudla nethemba."

Okwafika eConcepcion ngoMashi 1 kwakungelona usizo noma usizo, kodwa izinkulungwane zamasosha namaphoyisa athuthwa ngamaloli nezindiza, njengoba abantu babeyalelwe ukuthi bahlale ezindlini zabo. Izimpi eziqinile zalwiwa emigwaqweni yaseConcepcion njengoba kushiswa izakhiwo. Ezinye izakhamizi zathatha izikhali ukuze zivikele amakhaya azo kanye nemingcele njengoba idolobha lalibonakala lisonqenqemeni lwempi yasemadolobheni. NgoLwesibili, ngo-March 2, usizo losizo ekugcineni lwaqala ukufika, kanye namasosha engeziwe, okwenza isifunda esiseningizimu saba indawo yezempi.

UNobhala Wezwe laseMelika u-Hillary Clinton, njengengxenye yohambo lwaseLatin America obeluhlelelwe ngaphambi kokuzamazama komhlaba, undizele eSantiago ngoLwesibili ukuyohlangana noBachelet noPiñera. Ulethe amafoni wesathelayithi angu-20 kanye nochwepheshe, ethi enye "yezinkinga ezinkulu kube ukuxhumana njengoba sakuthola eHaiti ngalezo zinsuku ngemuva kokuzamazama." Akushiwo ukuthi, njengaseChile, i-US yathumela amasosha ukuthi alawule iPort-au-Prince ngaphambi kokuthi kusatshalaliswe noma yiluphi usizo olubalulekile.

Ifa likaMilton Friedman

The Wall Street Journal wajoyina ingxabano, eqhuba i-athikili ka-Bret Stephens, "Indlela uMilton Friedman Ayisindisa Ngayo iChile." Wagomela ngokuthi "umoya kaFriedman ngokuqinisekile wawuhamba uvikela eChile ekuseni kakhulu ngoMgqibelo. Sibonga kakhulu kuye, izwe liye labekezelela inhlekelele okungenzeka ukuthi kwenye indawo yaba i-apocalypse." UStephens uqhube wathi, "Akukona nje ngenhlanhla ukuthi abaseChile bahlala ezindlini zezitini-futhi abaseHaiti ezindlini zotshani-ngenkathi impisi ifika izozama ukubaqhumisa." I-Chile yamukele "amanye amakhodi okwakha aqine kakhulu emhlabeni," njengoba umnotho wawukhula ngenxa yokuqoka kukaPinochet osomnotho abaqeqeshwe uFriedman ezinkonzweni zekhabhinethi kanye nokuzibophezela kukahulumeni wezakhamuzi okwalandela ku-neoliberalism.

Kunezinkinga ezimbili ngalo mbono. Okokuqala, njengoba uNaomi Klein ebonisa ku-"Chile's Socialist Rebar" ku Huffington Post, kwakuwuhulumeni wezenhlalakahle kaSalvador Allende ngo-1972 owasungula imithetho yokuqala yokwakha yokuzamazama komhlaba. Kamuva baqiniswa, hhayi uPinochet, kodwa uhulumeni wezakhamuzi obuyiselwe ngeminyaka yawo-1990. Okwesibili, njengoba i-CIPER, iCentre of Journalistic Investigation and Information, yabika ngo-March 6, iSantiago enkulu inezakhiwo zokuhlala ezingu-23 kanye nezindawo eziphakeme ezakhiwe eminyakeni engu-15 edlule ezalimala kakhulu ukuzamazama. Amakhodi okwakha asekhishiwe futhi "...umthwalo wemfanelo wokwakha kanye namabhizinisi okuthengisa izindlu manje usuyisihloko senkulumompikiswano yomphakathi." Ezweni lonke, abantu abayizigidi ezimbili kubantu abayizigidi ezingu-2 abanamakhaya. Izindlu eziningi ezacekelwa phansi ukuzamazama komhlaba zazakhiwe ngezinsimbi noma ezinye izinto ezithuthukisiwe, eziningi ezisemijondolo eseye yavela ukuze inikeze abasebenzi abashibhile nabangekho emthethweni emabhizinisini nasezimbonini ezinkulu zezwe.

Mancane amathemba okuthi uhulumeni ozayo kaSebastian Piñera uzolungisa ukungalingani kwezenhlalo okudalulwe ukuzamazama. Umuntu ocebe kakhulu eChile, yena nabeluleki bakhe abaningana nongqongqoshe bayathinteka njengabaninimasheya abakhulu emisebenzini yokwakha eyalinyazwa kakhulu ukuzamazama ngenxa yokuthi imithetho yokwakha ayizange ishaywe indiva. Ngemva komkhankaso wokuletha ukuvikeleka emadolobheni nokubhekana nokucekelwa phansi kwempahla nobugebengu, wagxeka u-Bachelet ngokungathumeli amasosha ngokushesha ngemva kokuzamazama komhlaba.

Izimpawu Zokuphikisa

Umbhikisho wabafundi eSantiago; abafundi abangaphezu kuka-700,00 bashaye ngo-2006 ngenxa yokwenyuswa kwemali

TNazi izimpawu zokuthi i-Chile yomlando yezinhlangano ezidumile kanye nokugqugquzela abantu basemazingeni aphansi kungase kuvuke. Umfelandawonye wezinhlangano ezingaphezu kuka-60 zezenhlalakahle nezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni ukhiphe isimemezelo (ngoMashi 10) othi: “Kulezi zimo ezimangazayo, izakhamizi ezihleliwe zikhombisile ukuthi ziyakwazi ukunikeza izimpendulo eziphuthumayo, ezisheshayo nezinobuhlakani enkingeni yezenhlalo izigidi zemindeni ezibhekene nazo. abanakho.

Izinhlangano ezihlukene kakhulu—izinyunyana zabasebenzi, izinhlangano zomakhelwane, amakomiti ezindlu nabangenamakhaya, imifelandawonye yamanyuvesi nezikhungo zabafundi, izinhlangano zamasiko, izinhlangano zezemvelo—ziyahlanganisa, zibonisa amandla okucabanga nobumbano lwemiphakathi.” Lesi simemezelo siphetha ngokufuna uhulumeni wasePiñera. ilungelo "lokwengamela amapulani kanye nezindlela zokwakha kabusha ukuze zibandakanye ukuhlanganyela ngokugcwele kwemiphakathi."

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