Agasti 2 umbhikisho ngokumelene nokuvusa impi ne-Iran |
HU-use Democrats ujoyine i-House Republicans ekuxhaseni ngokubambisana i-House Concurrent Resolution 362, echaza i-Iran njengosongo ekuthuleni kwamazwe ngamazwe, uzinzo eMpumalanga Ephakathi, kanye ne-US National Security. Yethulwe ngoMeyi 22 nguGary Ackerman weDemocrat waseNew York, lo mthethosivivinywa ufuna ukuthi kuvinjwe i-Iran.
I-HR 362 inabaxhasi ababambisene nabo abangama-261 ( kulokhu kubhalwa ngo-Agasti), okuhlanganisa namaDemocrat avelele anjengoBarney Frank (MA), Alcee Hastings (FL), Steny Hoyer (MD), Henry Waxman (CA), noRobert Wexler (FL) .
Lo mthethosivivinywa ubiza uMongameli Bush ngokuqondile ukuthi "aqale umzamo wamazwe omhlaba wokukhulisa ngokushesha futhi ngokumangazayo ingcindezi yezomnotho, yezepolitiki kanye neyokukhuluma e-Iran ukuthi imise ngokusemthethweni imisebenzi yayo yokucebisa ngezikhali zenuzi." Inxusa umongameli ukuthi avimbe ukuthunyelwa kwe-petroleum ecolisisiwe e-Iran futhi abeke "izidingo eziqinile zokuhlola kubo bonke abantu, izimoto, imikhumbi, izindiza, izitimela, nempahla engena noma ephuma e-Iran; futhi ivimbele ukuhamba kwamanye amazwe kwazo zonke izikhulu zase-Iranian ezingabandakanyi ekuxoxisaneni. ukumiswa kohlelo lwenuzi lwase-Iran."
Ngokuphikisa, iSonto LaseHabe lacela amalungu alo ukuthi abhikishele kokubili unswinyo kanye nanoma yikuphi ukuvinjwa okungenzeka. Ngomhla ziyisi-8 kuJulayi, isonto lakhipha incwadi ethi, "Khuluma, Hhayi Impi, ne-Iran," ekhomba i-HR 362 njengeyingozi ngoba "Ukuvinjwa, noma ingxenye ethile, kuyisenzo sempi."
Ngokombiko okhishwe kwabezindaba we-Council for A Livable World, abaholi bezempi abathathu asebethathe umhlalaphansi bathumela incwadi kubameli โbebanxusa ukuba balahleโ u-H. Con. I-Res. 362. ULt. General Robert G. Gard, Jr., US Army (ohleli phansi.), OwayenguMsizi kaNobhala Wezokuvikela uDkt. Lawrence J. Korb, kanye nePhini lika-Admiral Jack Shanahan, we-US Navy (ohleli phansi.) bachaze lo mthethosivivinywa "njengoba awulungile." ikhulelwe, iphelelwe isikhathi futhi ingaba yingozi." Encwadini, lezi zintathu zithi "isixazululo sezombusazwe ne-Iran siyinkambo engcono kakhulu" nokuthi unswinyo olufunwa u-H. Con. I-Res. 362 cishe "izobukela phansi noma yiliphi ithuba lokuba idiplomacy iphumelele ekufinyeleleni isixazululo okuxoxiwe ngaso."
Ngomhla zingama-26 kuNhlangulana, owayengenele ukhetho lukamongameli waseLibertarian uRon Paul enkulumweni yeCongress uthe lo mthethosivivinywa "uyisixazululo sempi yangempela." UPaul wathukuthela wagana unwabu ngokuvinjwa kwezimpahla kanye nesiphakamiso sokuthi izikhulu zase-Irani zingavunyelwa ukuhamba amazwe ngamazwe. Uqhathanise lesi sinyathelo nezijeziso ezibhekiswe e-Iraq. "Yilokhu esakwenza iminyaka eyishumi ngaphambi kokuthi siye e-Iraq," esho. "Silambe izingane - abantu abangu-50,000 [sic] okuvunyelwe ukuthi bafe ngenxa yenswinyo kuma-Iraqis-babengakwazi ngesikhathi sokusihlasela."
Ngesonto elilandelayo, uDennis Kucinich wakhipha incwadi ethi, "Yeka Ukushuba Kwezingxabano ne-Iran, Uphikisane no-H. Con. Res. 362," enxusa ozakwabo ukuthi basiphikise lesi sinqumo. UKucinich ubhale ukuthi "lo mthethosivivinywa uzodlala ezandleni zalabo abaphethe uBush abafuna ilayisense yeCongressional ukuthi bahlasele i-Iran."
Yize ulimi lomthethosivivinywa lugomela ukuthi awukugunyazi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, uKucinich uveza ukuthi awusho ukuthi "uMengameli kumele afune imvume yeCongress ngaphambi kokugunyaza ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngokumelene ne-Iran."
H. Con. I-Res. I-362 icela umongameli ukuthi asebenze ngokumelene nemizamo ye-Iran "yokuthunaza" "ohulumeni abasemthethweni esifundeni." Iphinde iqinisekise ukuzibophezela kwe-US ekuphikisaneni "nemizamo ye-Iranian at hegemony" eMpumalanga Ephakathi.
Intatheli ephenyayo uSeymour Hersh wabhala encwadini New Yorker ukuthi abaphathi bakaBush, ngemvume yobuholi beDemokhrasi, baqale impi eyimfihlo e-Iran nokuthi amanye amaDemocrats ahamba phambili agunyaze Isinqumo sikaBush sikaMongameli esicela amaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-400 "ngokwanda okukhulu kokusebenza okuyimfihlo ngokumelene ne-Iran, ngokusho kwamanje kanye nangaphambilini. ezobunhloli bezempi kanye nemithombo yeCongress."
I-US izama ukuthunaza uhulumeni wase-Iran ngokufaka imali emaqenjini anontamolukhuni, okuhlanganisa i-Jundallah, i-Mujahideen-e-Khalq noma i-MEK (ohlwini lwabashokobezi bomnyango wezwe amashumi eminyaka), kanye neqembu lamaKurdish elihlukanisayo, i-Party for a Free Life. e-Kurdistan, noma i-PJAK ("Ukulungiselela Inkundla Yempi: I-Bush Administration iphakamisa izinyathelo zayo eziyimfihlo ngokumelene ne-Iran," New Yorker, Julayi 7, 2008).
Ngokusho kukaHersh, isicelo sezimali sokulwa le mpi ecashile senzeka ngesikhathi esifanayo lapho abaphathi bakaBush bebhekene nombiko weNational Intelligence Estimate's (NIE) kaDisemba 2007 nge-Iran, owathi "ukuzethemba okukhulu ukuthi ekwindla ka-2003, iTehran yamisa umgomo wayo. uhlelo lwezikhali zenuzi." Iphinde yathi "ngokuzethemba okukhulu" ukuthi i-Iran ngeke ikwazi ngisho "ukukwazi ukukhiqiza nokucubungula kabusha i-plutonium eyanele yesikhali ngaphambi kuka-2015."
Lo mbiko uphethe ngokuthi i-Iran ingumdlali ophusile kunoyedwa ozimisele ngokucekela phansi umhlaba, njengoba sekushiwo. "Isinqumo sikaTehran sokumisa uhlelo lwayo lwezikhali zenuzi siphakamisa ukuthi akazimisele kangako ngokwakha izikhali zenuzi kunalokho ebesikubheka kusukela ngo-2005. Ukuhlola kwethu ukuthi lolu hlelo lumiswe ikakhulukazi ngenxa yengcindezi yamazwe ngamazwe kukhombisa ukuthi i-Iran ingase ibe sengozini enkulu yokuba nomthelela ekwakhiweni kwezikhali zenuzi. udaba kunalokho ebesikunqume ngaphambilini."
Umthelela we-Pro-Israel Lobby
Dnaphezu kokutholwe yi-NIE, i-American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) ithi "i-Iran ibeka usongo olukhulayo e-United States kanye nabalingani bethu njengoba iqhubekela phambili ngokushesha ekukwazini izikhali zenuzi." Iphepha lesikhundla senhlangano, elithi, "US Must Do More to Prevent Nuclear-Armed Iran" lifundeka njengomhlahlandlela obonakalayo we-HR 362. Cishe wonke amaphuzu alo mthethosivivinywa, okuhlanganisa nokuvinjelwa kokudayiswa kukaphethiloli e-Iran, unswinyo ebhange elikhulu lase-Iran kanye nabatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe. emikhakheni kawoyela namandla, atholakala ephepheni le-AIPAC. Inhloso eshiwo ye-AIPAC wukucindezela umbuso ukuthi "ushintshe indlela" ngokuba nomthelela omubi emnothweni ngokushoda kwegesi.
NgoJulayi 2, i-Real News Network yabika ukuthi i-Res. Ukwesekwa okubanzi kwe-362 "kunikezwe i-pro-Israel lobby, ikakhulukazi i-American Israel Public Affairs Committee, noma i-AIPAC, eyathumela izinkulungwane zamalungu ayo eCapitol Hill ukuyofuna isinqumo ekuqaleni kukaJuni." Esicini sezindaba, isazi-mlando uGareth Porter saphikisa ngokuthi iCongress "yayisabela kakhulu endaweni yokwamukela izivakashi yakwa-Israyeli kunanoma iyiphi intelligence entsha e-Iran noma imicimbi yasemhlabeni." Ukubuyekezwa kwezimboni ezimbalwa eziphezulu ezinikezela ngabaxhasi ezinhlanu kuthola amaDemocrats ezuza kakhulu endaweni yokwamukela i-pro-Israel phakathi kuka-2007 no-2008.
I-Anti-War Response
To usuku, Stop War On Iran (SWOI), United for Peace and Justice, kanye ne-Code Pink baye bahola ekuphikisaneni nemashi yokulwa ne-Iran futhi befuna ukuba kuthathwe izinyathelo ngokumelene no-Res. 362. Kamuva nje, iVeterans For Peace ijoyine ikhorasi egxeka umthethosivivinywa.
Ezinyangeni ezedlule i-SWOI yakhipha incwadi ethi, "Misa impi e-Iran ngaphambi kokuthi iqale," inxusa i-United States ukuthi iqede "umkhankaso wayo wokujeziswa, ubutha, namanga ngokumelene nabantu base-Iran." Izinkulungwane zisayine incwadi ephikisana "nanoma yikuphi ukuhlasela okusha kwe-US ngokumelene ne-Iran" futhi zifuna "imali yezidingo zabantu" kunokuba "impi engapheli yombuso."
Ngo-Agasti 2, leli qembu nezikhulu zalo ezisemazingeni aphansi babamba imibuthano emadolobheni amaningi, okuhlanganisa neNew York City, Atlanta, Chicago, kanye nakuyo yonke iFlorida. Ababekhona bahluka kusukela kwabayi-10 eNashville, 80 e-Atlanta, 100 eWashington, futhi cishe i-1,000 eNew York City.
USara Flounders, umxhumanisi weNational Stop War on Iran Campaign, uthe iqembu lakhe lijabule ngemiphumela yomzamo wango-Agasti 2. "Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi lona bekungu-Agasti futhi uhlelwe ngesikhashana nje, kudlule kakhulu ebesikulindele ekuqaleni. Besinethemba lokuthi kuzothathwa izinyathelo zasendaweni emadolobheni angama-20. Likhule laba ngamadolobha angu-100 futhi sisazwa ngezinye izenzo zasendaweni."
UFlounders ulinganisela ukuthi inhlangano yakhe isize abantu ukuthi bathumele imiyalezo ye-imeyili ecishe ibe yisigidi "akunampi ne-Iran", nge-www.StopWarOnIran.org, kumalungu eCongress, UN, Bush administration, kanye nabezindaba. โSibona sengathi sisize ukubamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekuvuseni inhlangano ukuthi ithathe ngokungathi sรญna usongo oluseza lwenye impi,โ kusho uFlounders.
Umxhumanisi wesahluko se-Atlanta se-International Action Center, u-Dianne Mathiowetz, uthe izishoshovu zibeke ngempumelelo ezinye ze-Res. I-362's Georgia isekela abaxhasi esihlalweni esishisayo. "Ezweni, sishaye izingcingo zikaJohn Lewis kanye noHank Johnson ikakhulukazi. Bobabili bathi abawufundanga umbhalo ogcwele wesinqumo. Sibhekane noLewis esidlangalaleni kanjalo nokuba nemihlangano nabasebenzi bakhe. Bobabili bathi bona bazovota ngokumelene nesinqumo uma isigaba sokuvinjwa emoyeni, emhlabeni, nasolwandle singasuswa, kodwa besingakabatholi ukuthi bakhiphe amagama abo kuso. Futhi angikholwa ukuthi noyedwa wabo wenze leso sitatimende esidlangalaleni."
UMathiowetz, owahlela umcimbi wango-Agasti 2 e-Atlanta, uthi, "Ngicabanga ukuthi izenzo zezishoshovu ezweni lonke zibeke amabhuleki ekudluleni okusheshayo nokunganakiwe kwalesi sinqumo."
Ekuqaleni kukaJulayi, izishoshovu ze-Code Pink zenze "ukuvinjwa" kwethiyetha kwesikebhe sasendlini sikaCongressperson Gary Ackerman. Cishe izishoshovu eziyishumi nambili zabingelela ummeleli ngamakhwela, ukucula, nezimpondo zenkunzi. Bafuna ukuthi ahlukane nokukhuluma ngezijeziso ukuze avune i-diplomacy.
NgoJulayi 9, u-Rep. Wexler wakhipha incwadi ethi "uzohola umzamo wokwenza izinguquko kulesi sinqumo ngaphambi kokuba kuvotwe ekomitini Lezindaba Zangaphandle. Naphezu kokuba umsizi walesi sinqumo, lezi zinguquko zizogcina zinqume ukuthi ngabe noma cha ngizoqhubeka nokweseka u-H. Con. Res. 362."
Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, amaDemocrat amathathu ayesezikhiphile ngokusemthethweni ohlwini lwabaxhasi balo mthethosivivinywa: uTom Allen (D-ME), uWilliam Clay (D-MO), noSteve Cohen (D-TN).
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Incwadi yakamuva kaJeff Nall ithi Ukuvukela Okungapheli: Izindatshana Zokuthula Nobulungiswa kanye Namagugu Abiwe Wentuthuko Yezwe, Engokomoya, Nezenkolo.. Isithombe ngu-John Catalinotto.