akunakwenzeka ukukhumbula ukuthi lena kwakuyiminyaka lapho bonke ubudlelwano obuyisisekelo bomphakathi
amandla ayebuzwa futhi eshaywa. Akuwona wonke umuntu. Kodwa ngezwi eliphansi kakhulu,
umbono, idlanzana lezishoshovu. Kwakule ngxenye "yesizukulwane sama-60s" lokho
izingoma zikaPhil Ochs zimelelwe futhi ziphefumulelwe.
Ngezwi lakhe elicacile, lentsha, i-satiric wit, ukusebenza okulungile
isitayela nezingoma ezihlokweni ezishiwo ngokuqondile, u-Phil Ochs uphonsele izethameli zakhe inselelo kwezombusazwe
isenzo. Yize iphimbo lakhe belilinganiselwe futhi isiginci sakhe sidlala ngendlela engajwayelekile, uPhil Ochs
wacula futhi wabhala ngomqondo oshisekayo wokuqiniseka nobuqotho kangangokuthi waba munye
yamazwi ahamba phambili e-folk/protest boom yasekuqaleni kwawo-1960.
Ngokwesiko likaWoody Guthrie noPete Seeger, uPhil Ochs wacula
izindaba zomzabalazo okhuluma ngemicimbi nezindaba eziphathelene namalungelo omphakathi, i-anti-Viet
Nam, umfundi, kanye nokunyakaza kwabasebenzi. Nokho, ngaphezu kokuba intatheli, u-Ochs wayengumculi
yemibono eveza ukugxekwa kwalo lonke uhlelo lomphakathi. Ngeshwa, njengoba ukunyakaza kwe
ama-60s alahlekelwa umfutho wawo futhi wonakala, u-Phil Ochs naye walahlekelwa indlela yakhe. Eminyakeni yobudala
35, edangele futhi ecindezelekile, wazikhunga ngo-April 9, 1976.
Nakuba ayejabulela ukulandela okuzinikele phakathi komculo ogqamile
abalaleli futhi bathakaselwa kakhulu ontanga yakhe yokubhala izingoma, u-Phil Ochs akakaze enze iculo
i-crossover eya ekudumeni kwesikali se-pop futhi emashumini eminyaka kusukela ashona ifa lakhe lomculo
cishe ayiziswanga nhlobo. Ukukhishwa kwakamuva kwe-Rhino Records enama-CD amathathu
Iphakheji Ukuvalelisa Kanye Namaphupho: Iqoqo le-Phil Ochs, nokho, lihlinzeka nge
Ukubuka konke okudonsayo nokubanzi kombono we-Ochs womphakathi nowomculo.
Umsebenzi wokuqopha weminyaka engu-12 ka-Ochs (1964-1975), Kuvalelisa
Futhi Amaphupho inamathrekhi angama-53 (amane angakakhululwa ngaphambilini) kanye nenhlonipho
ibhukwana le-CD eliklanywe, kuhlanganise nezithombe ezivela kumfowethu uMichael Ochs's Archives,
amazwi ezethulo endodakazi ka-Ochs u-Meegan, kanye nokuphawula okuhlakaniphile kwababhali
UMichael Ventura, uMark Kemp, noBen Edmonds. Kuyashukumisa futhi kuyambula, kuyadabukisa futhi kubuhlungu, Kuvalelisa
kanye namaFantasies ilandelela ukukhula nokuwa kweciko elizinikele emcabangweni wokudumile
umculo njengesikhali sokushintsha kwezenhlalo, kodwa ngubani ekugcineni owabona impilo yakhe nezingoma njenge
akunamsebenzi.
Nali izwe eligcwele amandla nenkazimulo
Ubuhle obungakhumbuli amagama
O, amandla alo ayohlala emandleni enkululeko yakhe
Inkazimulo yakhe iyohlala phezu kwethu sonke, phezu kwethu sonke
Ukulalela noma yiziphi izinto zakuqala zikaPhil Ochs, eyodwa iba ngokushesha
ehlaselwe umoya wethemba nokungabi nacala obonakala ukude kakhulu nesimo somufi
1990s. Amashuni (wonke ku-disc eyodwa) njengokuthi "Yini Engiyizwayo," "Amandla kanye Ne
Inkazimulo" kanye nokuthi "Angisahambi," imisindo yobuqhawe, engenangqondo
intsha evuka ekuphikisaneni kwentando yeningi yaseMelika. Njengentsha eningi
ekhula ngeminyaka yawo-1960, uPhil Ochs wathatha ngokungathi sรญna imibono yaseMelika yenkululeko, ukulingana,
kanye nobulungisa kubo bonke. Kodwa futhi wayeseqaphela umlando wesizwe ofihliwe we
umzabalazo wezigaba, inqubomgomo yamazwe angaphandle, kanye nengcindezelo yobuhlanga. Uma sibheka emuva ezinye zakhe
Izingoma zomculo zingase zibonakale zingenamazwi, zomile ngobuciko, futhi zingaphansi kokuvukela umbuso, kodwa eka-Ochs
ukubhikisha okuqotho, okungaguquki kwasusa amaphupho amadala ngeminyaka yawo-1950.
Okubaluleke nakakhulu, izingoma zezihloko zika-Ochs zinxuse abalaleli ukuthi balalele "umsindo wenkululeko
callin'" ngokujoyina umzabalazo wokwenza i-US iphile ngokuvumelana nemibono yayo.
Njengoba asho engxoxweni yango-1965 nomagazini wesintu Broadside:
โAkwanele ukwazi ukuthi umhlaba awunangqondo futhi uzikhawulele nje ngokukhomba
khipha lelo qinisoโฆAkulungile ukulindela umvuzo wokuzabalaza kwakho. Umvuzo isenzo
womzabalazo uqobo, hhayi lokho okunqobayo. Noma ungeke ulindele ukunqoba ubuwula
emhlabeni, kufanele wenze umzamo. Lokho ukuziphatha, lokho inkolo, lokho ubuciko,
Impilo leyo."
Ngokusho kwe-biography kaMichael Schumacher yakamuva, Kukhona Kodwa For
Inhlanhla: Impilo KaPhil Ochs (Hyperion, 1996), bekukuncane ekuqaleni kuka-Ochs
impilo ekhombisa uthando lwepolitiki. Wazalwa ngoDisemba 19, 1940 e-El Paso, eTexas, e-Ochs
wayehlala nonina, uGertrude, udadewabo, uSonia, nomfowabo, uMichael, eningizimu-ntshonalanga
kuyilapho uyise, uJack, engudokotela eMpini Yezwe II. Lapho ebuya empini, eyakhe
Ubaba watholakala enokucindezeleka kwengqondo futhi wahlala iminyaka emibili e-Long Island
esibhedlela ukuthola ukwelashwa kwengqondo. Ngemva kokukhululwa, uyise waqala ukulandela
umsebenzi wezokwelapha ongaguquki owawuno-Ochs owayehlala eNew York nase-Ohio ngaphambi kokuba akhishwe
waya esikoleni samabanga aphezulu eStunton Military Academy eVirginia lapho aphothula khona ngo-1958.
Abazali bakaPhil Ochs babengakaze babonise isithakazelo esithile kubo
ezombusazwe, futhi ngesikhathi engena e-Ohio State University, intshiseko yokuqala ka-Ochs
bekungamamuvi, umculo wezwe, ne-rock and roll. Ngomuntu ahlala naye, uJim Glover, wayenjalo
yethulwa kuma-ballads we-dust-bowl ka-Woody Guthrie kanye nabantu abagqugquzelwe ipolitiki
umculo kaPete Seeger kanye neThe Weavers. Lesi sithakazelo sasheshe sakhuhla ku-Ochs, njengoba kwenza
ithonya lamahora enkulumo-mpikiswano yezombangazwe no-Glover, uyise wayengumlandeli kaMarxist.
Ngokushesha ngokwanele, u-Phil Ochs wayesesiza ekuhleleni ukuphikiswa kwekhampasi ngokumelene ne-ROTC kanye nomfundi
uhulumeni, ngenkathi ebhala izihloko zemibono ephephandabeni labafundi. Ngino-Glover ku-banjo
futhi yena edlala isiginci, u-Ochs waqala ukucula izingoma ezihamba phambili emaqenjini endawo eqenjini lesintu
I-duo yaqanjwa ngokuthi ama-Singing Socialists (kamuva ashintshelwa kumaSundowners angenampikiswano kangako).
Futhi ngeke ngiwahleke amanga uma ngingasekho
Futhi angikwazi ukubuza ukuthi kanjani noma nini noma ngani uma ngihambile
Angikwazi ukuphila ngiziqhenye ngokufa ngingasekho
Ngakho-ke ngicabanga ukuthi kuzofanele ngikwenze ngilapha
Kulandela ukungaboni ngaso linye no-Glover ngokuhluleka ukuzijwayeza enye ye
izingoma ezintsha zeqembu, u-Ochs waqala ukuzicula yedwa futhi ekugcineni wathola izinsuku ezithile
eFarragher's Bar eCleveland. Lapho uhehe abalandeli ngesikhathi evula kwelesizwe
abavakashi abanjengoJudy Henske, iSmothers Brothers, iGreenbriar Boys, noBob
U-Gibson, okhuthaze u-Ochs ukuthi angene endaweni eqhumayo e-Greenwich
Idolobhana. Lapho efika eNew York City ngo-1962, uPhil Ochs washeshe wazimisa endaweni
I-mineard yabadlali be-folk boom ababehlanganisa u-Tom Paxton, u-Eric Andersen, u-Dave Van Ronk,
kanye nomuzwa oqhumayo okuthiwa nguBob Dylan.
Nakuba u-Ochs eba umngane noDylan futhi waba ummeli oqinile wakhe
emsebenzini, ubudlelwano phakathi kwababhali bezingoma ababili babunokuncintisana kakhulu. Amazwi abo
ukuxoxa ngokuthi ubani obhale izingoma ezingcono kwaba kubi kakhulu ngemuva kukaDylan
impumelelo ebalulekile kanye nezohwebo. Njengabanye ababhali bezingoma eziculayo e-Village, Ochs
waba nomona ngenkazimulo kaDylan. Kodwa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwalaba ababili nakho kwakubangelwa ubuciko
umehluko. Njengoba ithalente elikhulu likaDylan kanye nesifiso sakhe sokuvelela samqhubela ngaphesheya kwe-canons of
Umculo wesintu wasendulo kanye nombhikisho wezihloko, u-Ochs wahlala eyisishoshovu-folksinger.
Ukubukeza ukudlala kwabo e-Newport Folk Festival ngo-1964,
futhi uhlangene no-Ochs, I-Broadside's UPaul Wolf uchaze umehluko phakathi kwe-Ochs
kanye noDylan ngokuthi "okusho ngokumelene nokungabi nacala, ubuqotho ngokumelene nokunganaki ngokuphelele okuthandwayo
kwezethameli, umgomo wokuzicabangela uqhudelana nokuzazisa." Ngakolunye uhlangothi,
Ulimi lukaDylan lokusika lufingqe imizwa ebucayi yesikole se-Ochs sokubhala izingoma. Ku
Izingxabano, u-Ochs angabamba eyakhe nanoma ubani, kodwa amacala ahlabayo avela
Dylanโ"Kufanele uthole umugqa omusha womsebenzi," "Kungani ungabi nje
i-stand-up comic?," "Awuyena umuntu wesintu, uyintatheli" -babekhona
izikhalazo ezalandela u-Ochs kulo lonke umsebenzi wakhe.
Ngenkathi izishoshovu eziningi zenhlangano nabalandeli besintu bemazisa eyakhe
i-straight-forward, i-leftist yokukhuluma engagunci, abagxeki bakhononda ngokungabi namandla
izithombe ezisankondlo emazwini akhe, imiculo emaphakathi, indlela elula yesiginci nokunye,
amazwi angavamile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, u-Ochs, ngokusho kukaSchumacher, wahlala emthanda kakhulu
Umsebenzi kaDylan futhi wamukela iqiniso lokuthi isitayela sakhe siqu singathatha isikhashana ukufinyelela okubanzi
izethameli. Noma kunjalo, akazange aguqule indlela yakhe, ngoba njengoba ekubeka, "Omunye omuhle
ingoma enomlayezo ingaletha iphuzu ngokujulile kubantu abaningi kunenkulungwane
imibuthano." Kulabo ababeqhudelana ngezingoma zezihloko bezingenabuciko futhi zizoba njalo
ukhohliwe, uphendule wathi, "Izingoma eziningi zezihloko ezibhalwe manje zizosebenza ngendlela yethu
isiko ngomlomo futhi abe isibuko unomphela folkways kanye nezindaba zomphakathi wethu
isikhathi."
Eminyakeni embalwa, u-Ochs wayezogoba isiqondiso sikaDylan abheke ngaphezulu
ukubhala kwezinkondlo nokomuntu siqu, kodwa phakathi nawo-1960 wayeyiNew Left echazwe ngokucacile
i-troubadour ikhipha izingoma ezivusa inkanuko "zokukhulisa ukwazi" mayelana nokucwasa
udlame eNingizimu ("Abafel' ukholo Abaningi," "Here's To State Of
Mississippi"), izibhelu zaseHarlem zango-1964 ("In The Heat Of The Summer"),
ukungalungi kwepolitiki yeLiberal ("Love Me, I'm A Liberal"), iMpi YaseViet Nam (
"Amabhuzu Amhlophe Ahamba Ezweni Eliphuzi," "Asifuni Impi Ebanzi,"
"I-Draft Dodger Rag"), abasebenzi basepulazini abafudukayo ("Bracero"), i-US imperialism
("Santo Domingo," "Cops Of The World"), ipolitiki yesonto ("Canons
Of Christianity") kanye whims of isiphetho ( "Lapho Kodwa Fortune").
Nakuba "umculo wombhikisho" wawuphethe ezimbalwa ezijwayelekile
impumelelo (inguqulo kaPeter, uPaul noMary kaDylan ethi "Blowin' In The Wind"
kanye nekaBarry McGuire ethi "Eve Of Destruction") ngeminyaka yawo-1960, umculo ka-Ochs wawukude kakhulu.
ezombusazwe kanye nokungahlobi ukuthola umdlalo womsakazo. UJoan Baez, ngoSepthemba ka-1965, wamthola
I-Top 50 yokuqala eyashaya ngekhava ethi "There But Fortune," kodwa ngaleso sikhathi uDylan wayesenayo
wahlambalaza umhlaba wesintu ngokubopha isiginci sikagesi ku-Newport Folk Festival
ekuqaleni kwalelo hlobo kanye neBeatles kanye neRolling Stones kwakungamazwi ka-Ochs
"ukukhulisa ikhwalithi ye-Top 40." Nakuba u-Ochs eqhubeka nokuqondisa eyakhe
Yebo, wabonisa isithakazelo esiqondile sokuhlola imibono emisha yomculo. Njengoba esho omunye
oxoxisana naye, "Ngisesikhathini lapho ngibhala khona ingoma lapho ngicabangela khona kakhulu
ubuciko obubandakanyeka ezingomeni zami kunepolitiki."
Lokhu kugudluka kokuqondisa kwakungasho ukuthi u-Ochs wayesencipha
"ezombusazwe." Wahlala engumculi oyisishoshovu edlala izingoma zakhe ezigqamile zokubhikisha
amakilabhu, imibukiso, namarali. Kodwa njengoba izikhathi zaziya ziba nezingxabano, wayeba njalo
ngifuna inkulumo "engangikhipha ngaphakathi ngokuxhumana kwe
umuzwa." Ngo-1967, ku-albhamu yakhe yesine, Izinjabulo Zetheku, Ochs uqashiwe
ukuhlanganisa okunesibindi kwe-pop, i-jazz, i-classical, nemisindo ye-avant-garde ukuze kulungiswe umbono wakhe
emphakathini ongenathemba ophenduka isiphithiphithi nokunganakwa. Nakuba izingoma zibhekisela
kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezifo zomphakathi, u-Ochs manje ubonakala ebhala umzabalazo womuntu siqu
ngokwesaba nokuphelelwa ithemba.
Ama-Folk purists kanye nabalandeli bama-albhamu e-spare guitar-voice ka-Ochs, bahlambalazekile
ngokumelene Izinjabulo Zetheku njengokuzibophezela ekuzifuneni nasekuhwebeni a la
Dylan. I-albhamu, nokho, ayikhuphukanga ngaphezu kwe-168 kumashadi we-Billboard kanye nama-Ochs
ipolitiki isancike kude kwesokunxele. Izinguquko emculweni wakhe, nokho, zibonise a
indawo yokuguquka. Nakuba wayenethemba futhi ezibophezele ekushintsheni okukhulu kwezenhlalo, izingoma zika-Ochs
izogxila kakhulu ezindikimbeni zokuwohloka kwaseMelika. Ngokusho kwe-biography yakhe,
Schumacher, ukungqubuzana komgwaqo phakathi kwababhikishi namaphoyisa eDemocratic Republic of 1968
Umhlangano owawuseChicago waqhubeka wafiphaza umbono wakhe.
Ngemva komhlangano, izingoma zika-Ochs zabonisa imikhondo eyengeziwe
yokungabaza, ukungabaza, nokuzihlukanisa. Waqhubeka engabaza injongo yakhe. It
akuzange kusize lokho njengoba ephenya le mizwa ngokuthanda ukuzijabulisa komuntu siqu nokomculo
ama-albhamu, I-Tape evela eCalifornia (1968), Ama-Rehearsals Wokuthatha Umhlalaphansi (1968), Esikhulu Kunazo Zonke
Hits (1970) kanye I-Gunfight Ehholo laseCarnegie (yaqoshwa bukhoma ngo-1970; ikhishwe ngo
1975), uthole umculo wakhe wamukelekile kancane.
Umdwebi upenda amabhulashi akhe amnyama
Ngokhanvasi ugijima ukuqhekeka
Isithombe sobuhlungu
Ungalokothi uphendule
Okubalulekile okuvela kulesi sikhathi sakamuva somsebenzi ka-Ochs siyanwebeka
ngaphezu kwengxenye yokugcina ye Ukuvalelisa Kanye Namaphupho futhi lokhu okuqoshiwe kuyiqiniso
yakhe ephazamisa kakhulu futhi engagculisi kakhulu. Ukuhlolwa kuka-Ochs ngamadwala ahlukahlukene, izwe
futhi izinhlelo zasendulo zazivame ukuphithizela futhi zixake izingoma zakhe. Ubunzima bakhe
izithombe ezisankondlo, njengoba kufakazelwa kokuthi "The Doll House," zibonakala zingenalutho futhi
okukhohlisayo ("Imbali yabaleka ezinyaweni zami/ Izwi likaTom Sawyer emgodini we
key/Lafika ngobumnene/Izinqaba zimboza umhume/Ngangingenakho ukukhetha, imibono yayinjalo
nesibindi/Futhi ama-phantom ayenobungane).
Noma kunjalo, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "inkathi yomuntu siqu" kwakhiqiza ezinye
wezingoma zakhe ezinombono kakhulu mayelana nokuwohloka kwezenhlalo nezokuziphatha ("When In Rome" kanye
"Pretty Smart On My Part"), ukubingelela okunamavesi angama-22 kuqhawe labasebenzi uJoe Hill (hhayi
kufakwe ku Ukuvalelisa Kanye Namaphupho), amazwi ahlaba umxhwele, agxeka ukugxeka
kanye nokunganaki ("Ngaphandle Kombuthano Omncane Wabangane"), okuthambile, okuthinta inhliziyo
ukuzindla ngokulahlekelwa ubuhle namaphupho ("Flower Lady"), kanye neyakudala
isixwayiso mayelana nokuyenga nenkohlakalo yempumelelo ("Chords Of Fame").
Naphezu kwalezi zibani zokukhanya, kuyacaca, kulandela
i-emotional arc ye-disc yesithathu ye-Farewell and Fantasies, ukuthi sizwa ukuphila
ukushona phansi. Izimpawu zicashe kakhulu kokuthi โI-Scorpion Iyahamba Kodwa Ayisoze
Iyabuya," indaba ehlasimulisayo yomkhumbi-ngwenya wenuzi ocwile, kodwa ethi "Akusenani
Songs" ("Sawubona, sawubona, sawubona/Ingabe kukhona umuntu ekhaya?/Ngishayele ucingo nje ngithi ngikhona
uxolo/Izigubhu zisentathakusa/Futhi wonke amazwi aphelile/Kubukeka sengathi awasekho
izingoma") kanye nethi "Izivivinyo Zokuthatha Umhlalaphansi" ("Izinsuku zikhula isikhathi eside
imiklomelo emincane/Ngizizwa ngiyisihambi kuzo zonke lezimanga/Ungaba nazo, angizifuni
them") ukhuluma ngokusobala ngokuzinikela nokunqotshwa kwakhe.
Ngokuwohloka komzabalazo wezepolitiki othandwayo kanye nokwanda kwakhe
Ukukhathazeka mayelana nesiqondiso somphakathi, u-Ochs walahlekelwa inyuziyamu yakhe futhi waqala ukuzizwa ehloniphekile
ukucindezeleka, uphuzo oludakayo, izidakamizwa, ulaka olunobudlova kanye ne-paranoia. Ngomsebenzi wakhe wokuqopha
ngempumelelo ngo-1970, walwela ukubuyisa ithemba kanye nomuzwa wokuthunywa ngokuvakashela
EYurophu, eChile, eMpumalanga Ekude, nase-Afrika (lapho amaphimbo akhe alimala kabi endaweni
ukugebenga). Lapho ebuyela ekhaya, amandla ka-Ochs kwezombangazwe ayezovuselelwa okwesikhashana. Ku
Ngo-1973, wahlela "Ubusuku NoSalvador Allende" njengengadi yaseMadison Square
ukuhlomula kwababaleki ababaleka eChile futhi ngoMeyi 1975, wagubha ukuphela kweViet Nam.
Impi ekhonsathini eCentral Park.
Ukucindezeleka kwakhe kwakuzobuya njalo. Ku-akhawunti yakhe esabekayo ye-Ochs '
Eminyakeni yokugcina, u-Schumacher uchaza ukuthi wahamba kanjani waze waba ngumuntu ogama lakhe linguJohn
Ziqeqeshe ukuze uphile ngezifiso zakhe ezilimaza kakhulu. Yize egcine esilahlile iSitimela
ubuntu, u-Ochs akakwazanga ukubalekela imizwa yakhe yokungabi nalutho. Impilo yakhe nomhlaba kwaba
ekugcineni ibhere kakhulu.
Njengabanye abantu abasha besikhathi sakhe, uPhil Ochs washanelwa yiqembu
uthando, izehlakalo, kanye nemibono yesikhathi esidakayo, esisodwa somlando. Iningi lakhe
amaculo akhumbulekayo yilawo ahlanganisa ukuhlubuka okunesibindi kwangaleso sikhathi kanye nemibono emihle. Iningi labo
lezi zingoma, nokho, zinokukhanga okudumile okulinganiselwe. Ngokwengxenye, lokhu kungenxa yemikhawulo ye
izwi nomculo wakhe. Kodwa kukhona nokuphikisana ngepolitiki yakhe. Och kanye
wathi, โIculo lokubhikisha liyiculo eliqonde ngqo ongeke ukwazi ukuliphutha
i-bullshit." Ngakho, walayisha izingoma zakhe ngomlando, imibono, imibuzo, nezindaba,
ngenkathi ekwenza kucace ukuthi ukuliphi icala. Namuhla, njengangeminyaka yawo-1960 kanye nawo-1970,
umbono wakhe usalokhu usongela futhi ungaphandle kohlaka lwepolitiki evamile
ingxoxo.
Ngokuphambene nalabo abagxeka ingxube yepolitiki nesihloko
umculo odumile, izingoma zakhe azizona nje izinkumbulo noma imibhalo eboshwe isikhathi engasekho
ukukhathazeka. Nakuba wayekwazi ukubhala izingoma "eziyinkondlo" futhi
"personal" (lalela futhi umsebenzi wakhe wobuciko "Izinguquko"), yini
UPhil Ochs wenza konke okusemandleni kwakuwukubekela inselele ukunganaki nokungabi nabulungisa. Ekugcineni, akakwazanga
phila ngaphandle komqondo walezi zinselele ukuphendulwa. Kodwa njengoba Ukuvalelisa kanye
Amafantasi uyasikhumbuza, lokho akushiya ngemuva kuwubizo oluhlala njalo lokushintsha umhlaba.