Ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo okwenzeka esikhathini esidlule nokuqhubekayo sokumba igolide e-El Salvador, eGuatemala naseHonduras kubangele inhlangano esabekayo yaseSalvador ebikade ifundisa futhi ihlela imiphakathi ukuthi ivinjwe ngokuphelele ukumba izimayini zensimbi e-El Salvador. Ukuphendula, izinkampani ezifana ne-Canada Pacific Rim kanye neMilwaukee, i-Wisconsin-based Commerce Group zifake amacala ezigidi zamadola ngokumelene nohulumeni waseSalvador uzama ukuphoqelela izwe ukuba lihambise-kanye nokuphuma ekukhokheleni umonakalo wemvelo asewudalile.
Icala leCommerce Group ligqugquzele ukusungulwa kweMidwest Coalition Against Lethal Mining (MCALM), iqembu elizinze eWisconsin elisebenzela ukufundisa imiphakathi kulo lonke izwe naseMidwest mayelana nemiphumela edabukisayo yezimayini zamazwe ngamazwe e-El Salvador. Isebenzisa amashumi eminyaka obumbano obuhlela umsuka wayo empini yombango yase-Salvador yama-1980s, i-MCALM yasungulwa omakadebona be-US-El Salvador Sister City Network, futhi ikakhulukazi i-Madison-Arcatao Sister City Project.
Njenge-El Salvador, iWisconsin yasongelwa ngemayini yomgodi omkhulu ovulekile wensimbi eduze neLake Superior kanye nexhaphozi elikhulu kunazo zonke elisele lerayisi lasendle endaweni Yokubhukha i-Bad River Ojibwe (bona โUkumelana Nezisetshenziswa Zobukoloni Esigodini SeLake Superiorโ Umagazini we-Z, Septhemba 2011). I-Bad River Ojibwe Tribe ihole iqembu eliphikisayo futhi yakha umfelandawonye wezizwe eziyi-11 zaseWisconsin, imiphakathi yasendaweni kanye nomphakathi wombuso wemvelo nokongiwa kwemvelo. Ngomhla zingama-28 kuNhlolanja, ngemva kweminyaka emine yokunganaki ukuphikisa okuvela enhlanganweni yezemvelo yaseNdiya mayelana nokungenzeki kwezimayini endaweni enamaxhaphozi amakhulu, uGogebic Taconite wavuma ukuthi iphrojekthi yayingenakwenzeka wabe esekhipha ipulaki ohlelweni lwemayini.
Ingxenye enkulu yokumelana okuphumelelayo kwe-Bad River Ojibwe itholakala ekhonweni labo lokufunda kulokho okwenzeka kwezinye izinhlangano ezimelene nezimayini njengokuphikiswa okuyimpumelelo kwemayini yase-Crandon eWisconsin (bona โThe Crandon Mine Sagaโ Umagazini we-Z, February 2004) kanye nenhlangano emelene nezimayini e-El Salvador (bona โAma-Salvador Resist Gold Miningโ Umagazini we-Z, October 2006 kanye โnokumelana ne-CAFTA kanye Nezimayini Zensimbi e-El Salvador, Umagazini we-Z, May 2010). Ngosizo lwe-MCALM, i-Bad River Ojibwe yaletha u-Kenia Ortez, ummeli ovela emphakathini omncane wabalimi wase-San Sebastian, e-El Salvador ukuze akhulume namalungu ezizwe mayelana nokucekelwa phansi kwemvelo okuvela emayini yegolide ye-Commerce Group emphakathini wakubo. โSifuna ukukutshela ukuthi asifuni noma yimuphi omunye umphakathi, nanoma yibaphi abantu, bahlupheke ngalokho esikuhluphe ngenxa yezimayini.โ
San Sebastian Gold Mine Pollution
I-Commerce Group yaxhaphaza imayini yegolide yaseSan Sebastian kusukela ngo-1972-1978. Imayini yahlala ivaliwe phakathi nempi yombango yaseSalvador (1980-1992). Le nkampani yaphinde yaqala ukusebenza ngezimayini kusukela ngo-1995-1999. Izakhamuzi zendawo zisola i-Commerce Group ngokungcolisa umfula i-San Sebastian kanye netafula lamanzi elizungezile nge-arsenic nezinsimbi ezisindayo kanye nokuphendula umfudlana umbala wejusi ye-cranberry.
Ngo-2012, uMnyango Wezemvelo waseSalvador wathola ukuthi umfula iSan Sebastian wawunomkhawulo owamukelekayo ophindwe kayisishiyagalolunye kunomkhawulo owamukelekayo we-cyanide kanye nenani eliphindwe kayinkulungwane kunezinga elingokomthetho lensimbi emanzini ukuze isetshenziswe abantu. Ukungcoliswa kwalo mfula sekuphoqe izakhamizi zalo mphakathi ontulayo ukuthi zikhokhe izindleko zokuthutha ngamaloli emanzini okuphuza. Yize iningi lemindeni lingaphuzi emfuleni, kunemindeni edla imbuya ngothi eswele enye indlela ngaphandle kokusebenzisa umfula. Eminye imithombo yamanzi aphuma emithonjeni nayo ingcolile. Ngenxa yalokho, amalungu omphakathi ahlushwa izinga eliphezulu lokuhluleka kwezinso nezinye izifo ezihambisana nobuthi be-arsenic nezinsimbi. Ukuguquka kombala wamanzi kuwumphumela wokugeleza kwe-asidi emayini-ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okukhiqizwa lapho ama-sulfide edwaleni lemfucumfucu echayeka emoyeni nasemanzini ukuze akhiqize i-sulfuric acid futhi akhiphe izinsimbi ezinzima njenge-arsenic, umthofu kanye ne-mercury emanzini nangaphansi komhlaba. Ukugeleza kwemayini ye-asidi emfuleni i-San Sebastian kuvela emfudlaneni ongenhla kwedolobhana lase-San Sebastian, eduze kwemayini yegolide engasasetshenziswa lapho inkampani yalahla khona imfucumfucu yayo yasezimayini (izisila).
I-Commerce Group Imangalela "Inzuzo Elahlekile"
Ngo-2006, i-El Salvador yahoxisa izimvume zezimayini zeCommerce Group ngokwehluleka ukuthobela umthetho wezimayini wezwe emayini yayo yegolide yaseSan Sebastian. Ukuziphindiselela, i-Commerce Group yafaka icala ngokumelene nohulumeni wase-El Salvador ngaphansi komtshali-zimali wakwamanye amazwe "ukuvikelwa" okuqukethwe ku-Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA), efuna isinxephezelo sika-$ 100 million kuhulumeni waseSalvador, okuhlanganisa "inzuzo elahlekile." โ Le nkampani iphinde yafuna ilungelo lokuvula imayini ngokungahambisani nezifiso zikahulumeni.
Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kwemibhalo efakwe ku-US Securities and Exchange Commission, inkampani yayisivele yamisa ukusebenza kwe-El Salvador ngaphambi, ngo-December 1999, icaphuna izinkinga zezimali, kuhlanganise nokuqothuka, njengengxenye enkulu esinqumweni sokumisa ukusebenza. I-MCALM ibize leli cala njengomzamo wokubhuqa wenkampani engaphumelelanga yokusebenzisa izivumelwano zohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe ukuze yenze imali abangakwazi ukuyenza ngezindlela ezisemthethweni.
NgoNdasa wezi-2011, i-International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) yeBhange Lomhlaba yalichitha icala leCommerce Group ngoba inkampani yayifake amacala ezinkantolo kanyekanye ezinkantolo zendawo e-El Salvador. I-Commerce Group yasidlulisela phambili lesi sinqumo kodwa ngo-August 2013, inkampani ayikwazanga ukukhokha imali eyayidingeka ukuze iqhubeke nokudlulisa icala ngakho icala lavalwa.
Bad River Ojibwe Joyina Ithimba Lamazwe Ngamazwe
โSimi eduze kwabantu base-El Salvador namuhla futhi sibazisa ukuthi amazwi ethu anezelwe kwewabo. Kuyinkolelo yethu ukuthi abenzi bezinqumo zikahulumeni, imithetho, nezinqubomgomo zomphakathi kufanele bahloniphe ukuthi ilungelo lokuhlanza umoya, umhlaba kanye namanzi kubantu libaluleke ngaphezu kwenzuzo kwabanamandla.โ NgoSepthemba 2014, u-Aurora Conley, ilungu le-Bad River eliqashwe emnyangweni wezomthetho wesizwe kanye nePhini likaSihlalo we-Environmental Protection Alliance yesizwe wajoyina ithimba lamazwe ngamazwe ukuze afunde ngefa elibhubhisayo lezimayini e-El Salvador, bahlangane nabaholi abamelene nezimayini futhi babone. inqubo eyingqophamlando yokuxoxisana nomphakathi ukuze kwakhiwe imithetho kamasipala evimba ukumbiwa kwezimayini. UConley ubewufanelekela kahle lo msebenzi. Wayekade engumsizi omkhulu we-White Earth, isishoshovu sase-Minnesota Ojibwe u-Winona La Duke iminyaka emithathu futhi wayeyazi kahle imiphumela elimazayo yezimayini emazweni aboMdabu baseMelika.
Naphezu kwalesi sizinda, washaqeka lapho ebona ubumpofu babantu ayebavakashela eSanta Rosa de Lima, indawo yemayini yegolide yaseSan Sebastian. โAmanzi emfuleni iSan Sebastian anombala osawolintshi ogqamile aphuma emayini ye-acid kodwa ngabona izingane zibhukuda emfuleni nowesifazane ekha amanzi emfuleni. Amanzi asetshenziselwa ukuwasha izingubo nokunisela izitshalo. Awekho amanzi ezindlini zabo. Kwangiphatha kabi ukubona lezi zigigaba asebebhekene nazo nokuthi kufike inkampani ezocekela phansi lokho okuncane okusele kungahlanzwa noma kubhekwe ukuphila komuntu. Amanzi ayimpilo futhi ukungcoliswa kwawo kanye nezindawo ezinobuthi kwakubuhlungu ukubona. Futhi ngangicabanga ukuthi ukungcoliswa okunjalo kungenzeka esizweni sakithi uma singasebenzi ukukunqanda.โ
Iphrojekthi ye-El Dorado kaPacific Rim eCabanas
Indawo yesibili eyamiswa yithimba lezingqapheli zamazwe ngamazwe kube umphakathi waseSan Isidro lapho ukungqubuzana ngemayini enkulukazi yegolide ehlongozwe yiPacific Rim Mining Corporation (Pac Rim), okuyifemu yamazwe ngamazwe ezinze eCanada, kuqubule inkulumo-mpikiswano kazwelonke mayelana nemiphumela yezimayini yezemvelo. e-El Salvador. ISan Isidro iyidolobha eliseduze nemayini yegolide ehlongozwayo i-El Dorado emnyangweni osenyakatho-maphakathi neCabanas. Imayini ehlongozwayo engaphansi komhlaba izosebenzisa amanzi amaningi kanye namathani e-cyanide ukuze kukhishwe igolide ku-orebody. Iningi labantu baseCabanas bangabalimi abaziphilisa ngokuziphilisa abathembele emanzini ahlanzekile nangaphansi komhlaba ukuze bawaphuze, bageze futhi banakekele izitshalo zabo nezilwane. I-El Salvador isivele ibhekene nenkinga enkulu yamanzi. Umbiko weBhange Lomhlaba lango-2006 ulinganisela ukuthi amaphesenti angu-90 ezindawo zamanzi ase-El Salvador angcolile, kanti amaphesenti angu-98 amanzi angcolile kamasipala namaphesenti angu-90 amanzi angcolile ezimbonini achithelwa emifuleni nasezifuleni zase-El Salvador ngaphandle kokwelashwa (i-El Salvador, Intuthuko Yamuva Yezomnotho Emi- qaleni). โUmbiko Wecebo No. 37689-SV).
Imayini ehlongozwayo itholakala endaweni enamanzi yomfula omkhulukazi wase-El Salvador, i-Rio Lempa, ehlinzeka ngamanzi angcolile cishe ingxenye yabantu base-El Salvador abayizigidi ezingu-6, kuhlanganise nenani labantu basenhloko-dolobha, iSan Salvador.
Ukuphikiswa kwendawo kwe-Pac Rim kwaqala ngemuva nje kokuba inkampani iqale ukumba imithombo yokuhlola endaweni yomuntu siqu ngaphandle kwemvume. Lapho abantu abaseduze nemithombo yokuhlola beqala ukubona amanzi angcolile nokuncipha kwemithombo yamanzi ezitshalweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwabantu, ukuphikiswa kwanda.
Uma izakhamuzi zendawo bezibhekana nomthelela omubi kangako esigabeni sokuhlola, bezikhathazeke kakhulu ngokuthi kungenzekani uma imayini ivunyelwe. Abaholi bomphakathi bavakashele izimayini zegolide eGuatemala naseHonduras futhi babona izinkinga zokungcoliswa kwamanzi, ukuntuleka kokubonisana nomphakathi, ukungahloniphi amalungelo abantu bomdabu kanye nenzuzo elinganiselwe yezomnotho emiphakathini yendawo.
Ngonyaka wezi-2005, amalungu omphakathi abumba iKomidi Lezemvelo laseCabanas, laxhunyaniswa nezinye izinhlangano zomphakathi futhi lasungula i-National Roundtable against Mining e-El Salvador (La Mesa). Ngo-2005, i-Pac Rim yahambisa ukuhlolwa kwayo komthelela kwezemvelo (EIA) kuhulumeni kaMongameli ngaleso sikhathi uTony Saca we-Nationalist Republican Alliance (ARENA). Kodwa uMnyango Wezemvelo Nezemvelo wenqabele inkampani imvume ngoba yehlulekile ukunikeza i-EIA eyanele futhi yahlangabezana nezinye izidingo zokunikeza imvume yokumba.
Phakathi naleso sikhathi, iLa Mesa yahlela umkhankaso kazwelonke ngokumelene nephrojekthi ye-El Dorado futhi yaphoqelela ukuvinjelwa kokumbiwa kwegolide. Lo mkhankaso uthole ukunqoba okubalulekile ngesikhathi iSonto LamaKatolika lase-El Salvador likhipha isimemezelo ngo-2007 ngokumelene nokumbiwa kwegolide e-El Salvador, esibalula umonakalo ongase ube khona emanzini, ezitshalo nasezilwaneni kanye nempilo yomphakathi jikelele. NgoNdasa wezi-2008, uMongameli u-Saca wamemezela ukuthi ubeke โukumiswa kokuphathaโ kwezimvume zokumba izimayini.
I-Pac Rim Imangalela i-El Salvador Ngokuhluleka Ukunikeza Imvume Yezimayini
Ngo-April 2009, u-Pac Rim wamangalela uhulumeni wase-Salvador ngamadola ayizigidi ezingu-77 ngaphansi kwemithetho yokuvikela abatshalizimali ye-Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) ngokungakhiphi izimvume zokuxhashazwa kwezimayini zenkampani. Icala linyuswe laba ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-300 zamaRandi ngo-2013 lapho inkampani yase-Australia i-Oceana Gold ithola i-Pac Rim. I-El Salvador ithi inkampani ayishodanga nje kuphela izimvume zemvelo zale phrojekthi, kodwa ibingenawo umnikazi, noma inamalungelo omhlaba omningi ohlanganiswa nesicelo sayo semvume. Kodwa leli cala aliyona nje ingxabano phakathi kwePac Rim nohulumeni wase-El Salvador. Njengoba uMarcos Orellana weCenter for International Environmental Law (CIEL) ephawulile kumngane wabo wenkantolo (amicus curiae) kafushane, โUmmangali [uPac Rim] usebenzisa lesi sinyathelo ukuze azuze kulokho okungeyona ingxabano phakathi kwayo. kanye neRiphabhulikhi [El Salvador], kodwa phakathi kwayo nemiphakathi ezimele emelene namaphrojekthi wommangali, okungukuthi, i-La Mesa.โ Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Pac Rim yinkampani yaseCanada futhi ayifaneleki ukufaka isicelo ngaphansi kwe-CAFTA ngoba i-Canada ayisayini ku-CAFTA. Ukuze unqande lo mkhawulo, i-Pac Rim yafaka ngenkampani engaphansi kwe-Reno, Nevada- ayitholile ngaphambi kokufaka icala. Leli qhinga alizange lisebenze futhi i-International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), okuyinkantolo eyimfihlo yokuxazululwa kwezingxoxo zeBhange Lomhlaba, yalichitha leli cala.
Noma kunjalo, i-ICSID ivumele inkampani ukuthi iqhubeke ngaphansi komthetho wokutshalwa kwezimali waseSalvador osuphelelwe yisikhathi owanikeza izinkampani ukufinyelela ezinkantolo zamazwe ngamazwe. I-El Salvador selokhu yachibiyela umthetho wayo wokutshalwa kwezimali ngonyaka odlule, idinga ukuthi izinkampani ezinezikhalazo zidlule ezinkantolo zendawo esikhundleni sezinkantolo zokulamula zamazwe ngamazwe. Lo mthetho awusebenzi emuva kwesikhathi futhi awunamthelela odabeni lwamanje.
Izishoshovu zase-El Salvador zaseLa Mesa zaya eWashington, DC ngoMashi 19 ziyobhikisha ekomkhulu leBhange Lomhlaba lapho i-ICSID icubungula icala elibekwe uhulumeni wabo yi-Oceana Gold. UVidalina Morales ukhulumele uLa Mesa: โAsizimisele ukuvumela uhulumeni waseSalvador akhokhe idola elilodwa. Yinkampani yezimayini okufanele ikhokhele i-El Salvador ngokuphulwa kwemvelo kanye namalungelo abantu. Lezi zinkantolo zivikela kuphela izintshisekelo zezinkampani ezinkulu, hhayi abantu base-El Salvador. " Kulindeleke ukuthi kukhishwe isinqumo ngoJuni 2015.
Udaba lokuxazulula izingxabano ze-investor-state (ISDS) ludlulela ngalรฉ kwe-CAFTA ne-El Salvador. Izinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe zinxenxa i-ISDS noma nini lapho zihlangabezana nokuphikiswa kwemiklamo yokukhipha izinsiza lapho ohulumeni begomela khona ilungelo labo lokuvikela impilo yabantu kanye nemvelo. Ngokombiko wakamuva ovela eWashington, DC-based Institute for Policy Studies, emacaleni amanje okutshalwa kwezimali ezivumelwaneni zohwebo eziyi-137 asalindwe ngaphambi kwe-ICSID, amacala angama-43 ahlobene nowoyela, ezezimayini noma igesi (Izimayini Zenzuzo Ezinkantolo Zamazwe Ngamazwe: Kanjani Izinkampani Zomhlaba. Sebenzisa Izivumelwano Zohwebo Nokutshalwa Kwezimali Njengamathuluzi Anamandla Ezingxabano Ngokuphathelene Nowoyela, Izimayini Negesi).
Njengoba abaphathi baka-Obama bezama ukwandisa la malungelo ezinkampani ngegunya โelisheshayoโ lezivumelwano ezinkulu zohwebo lwamahhala ezaziwa ngeTrans-Pacific Partnership kanye neTransatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership, Omele US uMark Pocan (D-WI) kanye ne-12 House. I-Democrats yethula i-HR 967: Ukuvikela Ubukhosi BaseMelika. Lo mthetho uzokwenqabela izinhlinzeko zokuxazulula izingxabano phakathi kwabatshali-zimali nezwe ezivumelwaneni zohwebo lwangaphandle. "Izinhlinzeko ze-ISDS zinganciphisa impilo yase-US, ukuphepha, nokuvikelwa kwemvelo uma ziqhubeka nokuba yingxenye yezivumelwano zokuhweba zesikhathi esizayo, kuhlanganise ne-Trans-Pacific Partnership," kusho u-Rep. Pocan.
Umkhankaso Wamasu Wobuphekula Oqondise Abamelene Nezimayini
Lapho sekufakwe icala lePac Rim, udlame lwakhula olubhekiswe kwabaphikisana nezimayini eCabanas. Umphikisi wokuqala wezimayini okwakubhekiselwa kuwo kwakungu-Marcelo Rivera, umgxeki ongaguquki wephrojekthi ye-El Dorado kanye nomhleli womphakathi. UMarcelo wathunjwa wabulawa ngoJuni 2009. Ngesikhathi isidumbu sakhe sigcina sitholakala emthonjeni owawulahliwe sakhombisa izimpawu zokuhlukunyezwa okukhumbuza ukubulawa kwethimba lokufa ngeminyaka yempi yombango.
Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kamuva, kwabulawa ezinye izishoshovu ezimbili ezimelene nezimayini. URamiro Rivera (ongahlobene noMarcelo) uhlaselwe okungenani oshayasibhamu abathathu nezibhamu ze-M-16 ngesikhathi eshayela iloli eduze nomuzi wakhe. URamiro kwakufanele abe ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwamaphoyisa ngaleso sikhathi ngenxa yezinsongo eziningi zokufa. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, u-Dora Alicia Recinos Sorto wabulawa ngesibhamu esinamandla amakhulu ngesikhathi ebuya ewasha ilondolo esiphethwini esiseduze. Wayenezinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili ekhulelwe. Indodana yakhe eneminyaka emibili ubudala nayo ilimele kulokhu kuhlasela.
U-Dora nomyeni wakhe, u-Jose Santos Rodriguez, babengamalungu akhuthele eKomidi Lezemvelo laseCabanas futhi babehlala eduze kwase-Ramiro Rivera eduze nendawo ehlongozwayo yemayini yase-Santa Rita e-Trinidad. URodriguez wake wahlaselwa ngocelemba ngo-2008 walahlekelwa iminwe emibili nokusebenzisa isandla sokudla. Ubeke icala lokubulala umkakhe kuPac Rim. โSasihlala ngokuthula nomakhelwane bethu; [I-Pacific Rim] beza ukuzohlukanisa amaqembu, imindeni, ubungane, ngoba bazithengise ngemali encaneโฆsabatshela ukuthi basishiye sodwa. Kodwa basebenzisa amandla. Konke enganginakho, ngilahlekelwe ngenxa yePacific Rimโ (ecashunwe ku-Damien Kingsbury, โIgolide, Amanzi kanye Nomzabalazo Wamalungelo Ayisisekelo e-El Salvador,โ Septhemba 2013, Oxfam Australia).
I-Pac Rim iyakugxeka ukubulawa kwabantu kodwa iyaphika ukuthi ibhekene nalolu dlame, ilubeka njengombango phakathi kwemindeni kanye nobugebengu obujwayelekile. Okwamanje, izinsongo nokubulawa kusaqhubeka. NgoJuni 2011, uJuan Francisco Duran Ayala, ivolontiya leKomiti Lezemvelo laseCabanas wabulawa.
Ngesikhathi evakashele eCabanas, u-Aurora Conley wahlangana nabasebenzi beRadio Victoria, isiteshi somsakazo somphakathi esiseVictoria, eCabanas. Uthole ukuthi i-Pac Rim ithembise ukukhokhela isiteshi u-$8,000 ngenyanga ngokukhangisa nobudlelwano bomphakathi. Lesi siteshi sake samelana nokumbiwa kwegolide futhi sasenqaba leso siphakamiso. Lokho kwaba ukuqala komkhankaso wokwesabisa abasebenzi owawuhlanganisa izinsongo zokufa, ukuhlaselwa kwezindlu, ukuhlaselwa kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwezinti zomsakazo ezikude kanye nemishini. โKunzima ukwenza umsebenzi wakho,โ kusho uConley, โlapho kunezigebengu eziqashiwe ezifuna ukukubulala ngokubika ngodaba lwezimayini.โ
โKusobala ngokukhuluma nezakhamuzi zendawo eCabanas,โ kusho uProfesa Richard Steiner ocwaningweni olwenziwa yi-International Union for the Conservation of Nature ngo-2010 emayini i-El Dorado, โukuthi okwamanje kunomkhankaso wamasu wobudlova, usongo, kanye nobudlova. ukusatshiswa okubhekiswe kubaholi bomphakathi nabanye abaphikisana nokuvulwa kwemayini yase-El Doradoโฆ. Izakhamizi zakule ndawo zibika ukuthi izikhulu zenkampani zitshele izisebenzi zazo ukuthi abaholi bendawo, ikakhulukazi amalungu e-Environmental Committee of Cabanas, yibona abanecala ngokuntula kwabo umsebenzi.
Izakhamuzi zizwakalisa isifiso esinamandla sokuthi ukunemba kwanoma iyiphi inhlangano phakathi kwenkampani yezimayini nodlame, nanoma ikuphi okunye ukuxhaswa kobuhlakani bodlame, kuphenywe ngokuqinile yihhovisi lika-Attorney General.โ (El Salvador-Igolide, Izibhamu, kanye Nokuzikhethela: Imayini yegolide yase-El Dorado, udlame e-Cabanas, izimangalo ze-CAFTA, kanye nomzamo kazwelonke wokuvala ukumbiwa kwezimayini.) Nakuba abantu abambalwa baboshelwe ukuhlanganyela kwabo kulawa macala, ihhovisi lika-AG lihlulekile ukuhlonza ababhali bodlame. Kusukela ngo-2008 uhulumeni wase-Salvador ubenesinqumo sokumisa zonke izimvume zezimayini. UMengameli uSalvador Sanchez Ceren, owayengumkhuzi webutho labashokobezi (i-FMLN), okhethwe ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, naye ufunge wagomela ukuthi ngeke azivumele izimayini kuleli. Kodwa-ke, yonke imizamo yokumisa ukuvinjelwa unomphela kwezimayini yehlulekile esishayamthetho, esiphethwe yiqembu eliphikisayo i-ARENA.
Ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa kukazwelonke kwezimayini zensimbi, i-La Mesa ihlele izindawo ezingenawo umkhankaso wezimayini ngokusekelwa yizinhlangano zobumbano zamazwe ngamazwe njenge-International Allies against Metallic Mining e-El Salvador (www.stopesmining.org).
"Asikwazi ukuhlala silinde ukubhekana nezimo," kusho uMarcos Galvez, umongameli we-CRIPDES, inhlangano yendawo yokuthuthukiswa komphakathi, "kufanele sibuyele emuva sakhe kabusha imifelandawonye nemiphakathi eyazala futhi eyisisekelo se-anti- ukunyakaza kwezimayini kwasekuqaleni.โ Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo umbutho omelene nezimayini iseChalatenango, inqaba ye-FMLN ngesikhathi sempi yombango. Izinkampani ezimbalwa zezimayini zegolide zaseCanada sezikuyekile ukuhlola kule miphakathi.
NgoSepthemba 2014, u-Aurora Conley wayengomunye wabamele abangu-15 bethimba lezingqapheli zamazwe ngamazwe elivela e-US, Canada, Central and South America naseNew Zealand ukuzobona imiphumela yokubonisana nomphakathi ngezimayini kumasipala waseSan Jose Las Flores. Lapho kubalwa amavoti, amaphesenti angu-99 alabo abavotile azwakalisa isifiso sawo sokuba indawo engenazo izimayini.
U-Conley wahlabeka umxhwele ngezinga lokuzibandakanya komphakathi ohlelweni lokubonisana. Ezinye zalezi zalukazi zihambe amahora amane ukuze zifike endaweni yokuvota. "Lona bekuwumlando, umcimbi oyingqophamlando kwezombusazwe zaseSalvador," kusho uConley. โAbantu amazwi abo anganakwa ezingeni likazwelonke sebeqalile ukuba nomthelela engxoxweni kazwelonke ngalolu daba. Abanye omasipala bazolandela lesi sibonelo.โ Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, amaphesenti angama-98 abavoti baseSan Isidro Labrador athi cha ezimayini.
UDavid Morales, ummeli wombuso waseSalvador wamalungelo abantu, uthe ivoti laseSan Jose Las Flores lalingaphezu komfanekiso. โUmphumela kuzoba wukuthi azikho izimvume ezizonikezwa umasipala ukuze zihlolwe, ingasaphathwa eyokuxhashazwa,โ usho kanje. "Kuzoba ukunqoba okubaluleke kakhulu empini esemthethweni yokulwa nezimayini e-El Salvador." Ngandlela thize, i-El Salvador ingaba izwe lokuqala ukuvimbela ukumbiwa kwensimbi.
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U-Al Gedicks unguNobhala Omkhulu WoMkhandlu Wokuvikela Izisetshenziswa ze-Wisconsin futhi uyilungu elisungula iMidwest Coalition Against Lethal Mining. Izithombe ngu-Al Gedicks.