I-Cocaine Death Squads kanye ne-War on Terror:
I-US Imperialism kanye Nomzabalazo Wekilasi eColombia
Ibhalwe ngu-Oliver Villar no-Drew Cottle
I-New York, Ukubuyekezwa Kwanyanga zonke, January 2012, 208 pp.
Isibuyekezo sika-Seth Sandronsky
Kungani ubhala incwadi ngekilasi, i-cocaine, iColombia ne-US? U-Oliver Villar no-Drew Cottle banempendulo. Ku I-Cocaine Death Squads kanye ne-War on Terror: I-US Imperialism kanye Nomzabalazo Wekilasi e-Colombia banikeza idatha nobufakazi bokuphikisa inguqulo esemthethweni yobudlelwano bukamalume Sam phakathi kwezizwe zombili namuhla nezakudalay.
Kuze kube manje, ababhali bethula indaba eqinile ephikisayo eqala ngezitshalo ze-cocoa futhi iqhubeke nokukhiqizwa nokusatshalaliswa konxiwankulu kwe-cocaine. IMpi Yomshoshaphansi ishubile, kodwa uVillar noCottle abagcini lapho. Bachaza ukuthi kungani futhi kungani impi eholwa yi-US eMhlabeni Wesithathu-ngaphansi kwenkulumo yokulwa nabashokobezi bamaKhomanisi-manje isingena emadolweni endaweni ekhulayo isitshalo se-cocoa eColombia, eBolivia nasePeru. U-Villar no-Cottle babiza le ndawo ngokuthi i-Crystal Triangle.
Ababhali banikeza ubufakazi bempi kaMalume Sam yokulwa namakhomanisi (manje okuyimpi yokwesaba) ekhonsathini nokushushumbiswa kwezidakamizwa okungekho emthethweni. Amasayithi adlule emisebenzi enjalo ahlanganisa i-China yangaphambi kwenguquko kanye ne-Southeast Asia's Golden Triangle, nerekhodi lomkhondo lamabutho ahlomile aseMelika kanye nama-mercenaries kanye namadlelandawonye abo emboni yezidakamizwa.
Lena impi yekilasi, ngakho-ke, isisusa esiyisisekelo silula. I-US iyangenelela ukuze kuzuze ikilasi lokutshalwa kwezimali eliphikisa ohulumeni bobuzwe abangaphansi kolawulo oludumile. Ngokwamazwi ababhali, le nqubomgomo yezangaphandle โiwumphumela wemizamo ye-United States yokuthuthukisa isikhundla sayo kwezombangazwe nezomnotho emnothweni womhlaba.โ
I-US inweba ukufinyelela kwayo ku-Golden Crescent yase-Afghanistan bese ifinyelela ku-Crystal Triangle yase-Colombia. Lapho, isitha esikhulu se-US kanye ne-Colombian elite siba yi-Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC).
Esethulweni, izahluko eziyishumi, i-bibliography, amanothi kanye nenkomba, sifunda okuningi ngalesi sizwe nesifunda saseLatin America. Ababhali badalula izici namandla abangele โi-narco-stateโ kanye โne-narco-economyโ yase-Colombia njengoba ukusetshenziswa kwe-cocaine kwase-US kwanda kakhulu. Abantu abasebenzayo kuzo zombili izizwe bayahlupheka njengoba impi yangemva kwe-9/11 yokwesaba ikhula ngaphandle kwesiphetho esisobala.
Izahluko "zohlelo lwe-narco-cartel" kanye "nohlelo lwe-post-cartel" zisisiza ukuba senze izinguquko embonini ye-cocaine. Thatha ukufa kukaPablo Escobar, inkosi yezidakamizwa yaseColombia. Njengoba ababhali bebhala, ukufa kwakhe kumemezela: โIzindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi zokukhiqiza nokusabalalisa kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe (ezandisa ukusebenza kahle.โ
Ngaleso sikhathi, amafemu ase-US athumela ku-Crystal Triangle cishe amaphesenti angama-90 amakhemikhaliโokungukuthi, i-acetone noma i-etherโadingeka ukuze kusetshenziswe izidakamizwa ezifana ne-cocaine. U-Villar no-Cottle balandela ukugxeka kuka-Marx konxiwankulu njengephrojekthi yesigaba yokulawula umnotho phezu kwenqubo yabasebenzi yokukhiqiza izimpahla nezinkonzo ezithengiswayo. Babeka izinguquko ekukhiqizweni kwe-cocaine, ukushintshaniswa, nokusatshalaliswa kwe-cocaine kwezinye izimboni. Okusho ukuthi, amaketanga asheshisiwe nahlanganisiwe awela imingcele ukuze andise futhi andise ukuhwebelana kwempahla kanye nokuqongelela imali.
Ukwenziwa kwesimanje embonini ye-cocaine kwenzeka njengoba inkathi yangemva kwempi yokuphakama komnotho wase-US yancipha futhi ukuncintisana komhlaba kuya kukhula. I-"Plan Colombia" ngaphansi kukaMongameli uClinton igqoka njengempi yokuqeda ukushushumbiswa kwe-cocaine, kodwa sifunda ukuthi le mpi ngokuyinhloko iwumkhankaso wokuqhubeka nokulawula isigaba sobunikazi bemboni ye-cocaine ezandleni ezimbalwa, ekhaya naphesheya.
E-Colombia, le ngxabano ikhubaza futhi ibulale abalimi nabaphikisayo. I-Stateside, impi efanayo yezidakamizwa ikhuthaza ukwanda okukhulu kwabantu ababoshelwe ukuzibandakanya ne-cocaine-ababhali bebengawuqeda lo mkhuba kancane. (Labo abagcinwe e-American gulag bangabantu abangebona abelungu ngokulinganayo futhi banemali ephansi, abantu bagcina ukuxoshwa futhi baqashwa kuqala izinkonzo zabo zabasebenzi abangakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwazo.)
Abanye baye babiza iColombia ngokuthi โintando yeningi yokuqothula uhlanga.โ U-Villar no-Cottle baqinisekisa indima yemishini yesifunda sase-USโnjenge-CIA kanye noMnyango Wezweโekulwisaneni nokuvukela izinyunyana zabasebenzi base-Colombia, izintatheli kanye nabakhiqizi abampofu. Umalume uSam uxhasa lolu dlame ngezizathu zenzuzo namandla.
Uma abafundi befuna ukufunda ukuthi โimpi yezidakamizwa nobushokobezi iyingxenye yesu lokuphikisa eliklanyelwe ukunakekela kunokuba kuqedwe izimo zezomnotho ezivumela ukuhweba ngezidakamizwa ukuthi kuthuthuke,โ incwadi kaVillar noCottle isivula amehlo.
Z
USeth Sandronsky uhlala futhi ubhala eSacramento.
Amandla Awakuvumi Lutho:
Ukufuna Kowesifazane Oyedwa Kobulungiswa Bezenhlalakahle eMelika,
kusukela eNkantolo kuya eZindaweni Zokubulala
Ibhalwe nguConnie Rice
I-New York: Scribner, 2012, 339 amakhasi
Isibuyekezo sikaKristian Williams
Isikhumbuzo sikaConnie Rice, Amandla Akavumi Lutho, isithombe somuntu wesifazane ohlakaniphile, onekhono, oqhutshwa ngendlela emangalisayo. Ilandisa ngezigigaba zakhe esebenzisa umthetho nepolitiki ukubhekana nezinye zezinkinga ezingaxazululeki ezibhekene nezakhamuzi ezimpofu kakhulu zase-Los Angelesโamaphoyisa akhohlakele, izikole ezingaphumeleli, nodlame lwamaqembu ezigelekeqe. Le ncwadi iwucwaningo lwencwadi yokufunda ye-co-option, inqubo lapho izibalo eziphikisayo zihlanganiswa nesakhiwo esikhona samandla ukuze kuqukethwe futhi kunciphise usongo lwazo.
U-Connie Rice (okungafanele adideke nomzala wakhe, u-Condoleezza Rice) wenza umsebenzi wakhe futhi wazakhela igama emangalela uMnyango Wamaphoyisa wase-Los Angeles ngokunganaki kwawo amalungelo abantu abamnyama, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ngokucwasa abantu bebala, abesifazane, kanye izitabane ngaphakathi kwezikhundla zabo. Kodwa ekupheleni kwencwadi, unikeza uChief William Bratton kanye noSheriff u-Lee Baca imiklomeloโfuthi wamukela ngenjabulo isipho sikaBratton sebheji eliyikhophi ye-LAPD Chief eqoshwe igama lakhe.
Ilayisi iqala ukulwa namacala esigwebo sentambo nge-NAACP Legal Defense Fund. Ube esehamba ngokwemvelo ezinkantolo ezinonya ukuze abhekane nesihluku samaphoyisa futhi, ngemuva nje kwezibhelu zeNkosi uRodney, wacelwa ukuthi asize ngezingxoxo phakathi kwamaqembu ezigebengu ayizimbangi ahlela isivumelwano. Lesi sivumelwano sehlise kakhulu isibalo sokudubulana futhi uRice wazithola esesikhundleni sokuba umlamuli njengoba amaqembu ezigebengu esebenzela ukuphoqelela imigomo yawo. Ngo-2000, uSheriff Baca washayela u-Rice ucingo wamcela ukuthi asebenzise abantu ayexhumana nabo ezigebengwini ukuze basize ukuqeda isiphithiphithi e-Pitchess Detention Centre; waletha amalungu ezigelekeqe ukuthi axoxisane futhi waqeda uthuthuva ngempumelelo. Ngawo lowo nyaka, inhloko ye-Police Protective Leagueโโinyunyana yamaphoyisa abaholi bayo bajivaza izikhulu zethu zesifazane nedlanzana futhi bake bangixosha endlunkulu yayoโโnayo yacela usizo lwayo. Ubhale ngokuhlanganyela umbiko weNhlangano ngodaba lwaseRampart, ekhombisa ukuthi inkohlakalo yalesi sigaba yafinyelela ezikhundleni eziphezulu kanye nakubaphathi.
Isifundo uRice asithatha kulokhu okuhlangenwe nakho sasiwukuthi ungazuza okwengeziwe ngokusebenza neziphathimandla kunokubhekana nazo. Uqhubekile nokubhala uhlelo oluyisibonelo lokuvinjwa kwamaqembu ezigelekeqe, wakha isikole sokuqeqesha amaphoyisa ngamasu okulwa nezigelekeqe, futhi, ekugcineni, weluleka uMnyango Wezokuvikela mayelana nempi yokulwa nabavukeli. Encwadini, ujabulela ithonya leqembu lakhe: โEzinyangeni eziyisishiyagalombili zokuqala kulandela umbiko wethu, uMbusi u-Arnold Schwarzenegger wayenababhali abangochwepheshe abayisishiyagalombili endize eSacramento bayotshela abasebenzi bakhe. Ngemva kwalokho wabeka umbusi wakhe weqembu lezigelekeqe, uPaul Seave, nami sajoyina ibhodi yakhe yabelulekiโฆ. Umholi woMkhandlu Kazwelonke u-Karen Bass ucele usizo lwethu ekubhaleni umthetho nehhovisi likaSomlomo WePhalamende u-Fabin Nunez ukuze kufuneke abamukeli bezimali zokunciphisa amaqembu ezigelekeqe kahulumeni baxhumanise izinsiza ngamasu apheleleโฆ. [Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi] ukuhlangana kwethu kwezempi kanye namazwe ngamazwe kwakhula, kuhlanganise nemihlangano nabasebenzi basekolishi lempi, ukuya eMelika Ephakathi nochwepheshe beqembu le-FBI; izinkulumo noCondi [Rice], ujenene osewathatha umhlalaphansi uStan McChrystal, kanye noJenene Robert Holmes.โ
Izinto ezixakayo lapha ziningi, kodwa mhlawumbe okukhulu phakathi kwazo ukuthi i-Rice ayiboni imiphumela njengenketho yokubambisana, kodwa njengempumelelo engahlanganisiwe. Uyabhala: โAkuzange kube nezibalo ezimbi: ukungena ngaphakathi kwe-LAPD ukuze uthole ukuthi kwenzekani; ukuzuza ukwethenjwa kwabo ngenkathi bephinda baphenya ihlazo likaRampart; ukubhala ngokuguqulwa kukaCharlie Beck e-Rampart Division; ukufunda ukwehla kwamaphoyisa emakhulwini amaphoyisa; ukubhekana nokwesaba kwabo; ukwakha ubuhlobo phakathi kwamaphoyisa nokungenelela kwamaqembu ezigelekeqe; ukuphoqa idolobha kanye nesifunda ukuthi kuqinise imizamo yokunciphisa udlame lwamaqembu ezigelekeqe; ukuqeqeshwa kokungenelela kwezikhulu kanye nezigelekeqe; ukusiza uBaca noBratton bahlanganyele; nokusiza uBratton ukuthi aqale kabusha umsebenzi wamaphoyisa nokubuyisana ngokwezinhlanga.โ
Ubonakala ecabanga, kuyo yonke inkumbulo yakhe, ukuthi ukungena kwakhe esikhungweni kubonisa ushintsho, hhayi kuyena, kodwa esikweni lomsebenzi wamaphoyisa. I-naivetรฉ enjalo iyaxaka, njengoba yaqaphela, ekuqaleni komsebenzi wayo, ukuthi izinkinga ngohlelo lwezobulungiswa lobugebengu baseMelika zazigcwele yonke indawo futhi zihlelekile: โUkuhlukaniswa okumsulwa kwezimiso zomthethosisekelo kwesikole somthetho, imibono ephakeme yenkululeko, kanye nezinto ezithintwayo ngobungcwele besikole. inqubo efanele yayingahlangene nhlobo nesiphithiphithi engangisibone kumjikelezo wokufaโฆ. Uma besinquma isinqumo esibaluleke kunazo zonke sanoma isiphi isimiso sezomthethoโukuthi ubani okufanele abulaweโngalesi simiso esichemile, esonakele, esigcwele amaphutha, khona-ke isimiso sethu sezomthetho singaba nobuqotho obungakanani ngempela?โ
URice wayefunde nokuthi izenzo ezinhle zinemiphumela engahlosiwe. Wayesezisola, ngokwesibonelo, ukusebenzisana kwakhe okulinganiselwe neGrape Street Crips kanye neqhaza lakhe ezingxoxweni zokuvala isivumelwano, ebona ukuthi โizinto ezilungele umphakathiโ azisizanga nje ukunciphisa udlame kodwa futhi โnokuqinisekisa[e] isimo seqembu lezigelekeqe.โ Kodwa ngandlela thize akakuboni ukufana lapho umsebenzi wakhe weqembu lezigelekeqe wakamuva uthola โukusekelwa okunamandla okuvela emigwaqweni eqinileโ kanye โnokwesekwa kwawo okunamandlaโฆokuvela kwabomthetho,โ kuyilapho abasekeli bakhe abakhululekile behlehla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba enolwazi ngethiyori ye-counterinsurgency, kufanele aqonde isu lokukhetha ukuphikisa ukusiza ukwenza umbuso ube semthethweni futhi andise amandla awo. Ngokuqinisekile uyazi ukuthi โumbusi wezigelekeqe wedolobha ufuna ukubambisana namaqembu ezigelekeqeโ ukuze anciphise ubudlova. Nokho akasoli ukuthi uphathwa ngendlela efanayo.
Futhi uRice ugcina le ndawo eyimpumputhe, njengoba ebona indlela abaholi bamaphoyisa abasebenzisa ngayo izinguquko ukuze bakhulise amandla abo: efunda umlando we-LAPD, uRice wayephawule ukuthi enye induna yezinguquko, uWilliam Parker, โyawuguqula kanjani umbutho ngomqondo omusha wobungcweti obumangalisayo, โ kodwa futhi โyayishaya indiva imithetho yezakhamuzi, yashaya indiva izinqumo zeNkantolo Ephakeme, futhi yalahla uMthethosisekelo wase-US njengesivikelo sezigebengu.โ Uzibonele mathupha enye induna, uBernard Parks, efuna ukubolekwa ngezinguquko ezaphoqwa kuphela ngokumangalelana, futhi wasebenzisa izinguquko ezigunyazwe yinkantolo ukuze akhe ukwesekwa kokubusa kwakhe. Kamuva wayebone amaphoyisa amasha eNkosana uWilliam Bratton โanesihawu futhi ahambisana nomthethosisekeloโ ehlasela ngokungenanembeza umbhikisho wamalungelo abantu bokufika eMacArthur Park, โegijima ehlisa ogogo ngezinqola, ejaha abapristi ababalekayo, futhi eshaya izintatheli ngamakhamera.โ Ngandlela-thile akukho nesisodwa salezi zifundo esidlulela ezimweni zakhe zamanje. Umbuzo uwukuthi, kungani kungenjalo?
Enye impendulo iwukuzazisa nje. Wonke umuntu unelungelo lokuba umlingiswa oyinhloko emlandweni wakhe siqu, kodwa uRice ngezinye izikhathi uthatha ubude obungenangqondo-eziqhathanisa, ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, noMartin Luther King, uNelson Mandela, kanye no-Elizabeth I. Kungenzeka ukuthi isidingo sakhe esingokwengqondo kufanele okubalulekile kumholele ekubeni afise ukuqinisekiswa yiziphathimandla futhi uma lokho kuqinisekiswa sekunikezwe, njengoba ezizwa ezuza ithonya lomuntu siqu, iziphathimandla okukhulunywa ngazo kanye nezikhungo bona (futhi manje, yena) eziyingxenye yazo ziqala ukubonakala zisemthethweni ngokwandayo. Ngamanye amazwi, njengoba imizamo yakhe yokuguqula lezi zikhungo iqala ukuba nomthelela, uRice wazithola esetshale imali kuzo nasezikhungweni zegunya ezamnika ukuqashelwa okuthile.
Isizathu esijulile kungase kube umbono wakhe oqhubekayo. URice uyisishoshovu samalungelo omphakathi, kodwa ikakhulukazi, ungummeli wamalungelo abantu, futhi ingqondo yommeli wakhe ibonakala ingacasukile ngokucwasa nonya lwe-LAPD kunokungabi namthetho kwayo. Uma ubona ukuthi inkinga ingeyomsebenzi wamaphoyisa angenamthetho, kusho ukuthi kunengqondo ukucabanga ukuthi ukusebenza kwamaphoyisa okusemthethweni kumele kube yisixazululo. Ngokufanayo, uRice ungumuntu okhululekile, kodwa unenkululeko yomthetho nokuhleleka. Ngokwesibonelo, ubiza โukukhululeka ebudloveniโฆumthetho wokuqala wempucukoโ kanye โnokuphephaโฆngelungelo lokuqala lomphakathi.โ Kamuva uyanezela, โUkuphila, inkululeko, nokuphishekela injabulo kuyize ngaphandle kokuphepha.โ Ekugcineni, uphetha ngokuthi, โOkuwukuphela kwento embi kakhulu kune-LAPD yobandlululo nenesihluku kwakungeyona i-LAPD. Kodwa-ke, umbono wokuthi noma yimuphi uhulumeni ungcono kunokuba akekho uhulumeni ube yi-alibi yokugunyazwa kusukela uHobbes abhala. uLeviyathani.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyini imbangela, umphumela uba ukuthi uRice akawaphikisani namaphoyisa. Kunalokho, ufuna ukubasiza ngendlela yakhe. (Njengoba uSherifu uBaca antela, โuConnie ukumangalela ukuze akwazise ukuthi ufuna ubuhlobo.โ URice ngokwakhe uthi: โUmnyango [wamaphoyisa] wanyakaza onqenqemeni lokuhlakazeka. Umsebenzi wami wawuwukusiza ukuwusindisa kwalasha.โ) Ufuna ukulungisa lezi zinhlangano eziphukile, ukuzenza zibe ngcono kulokho ezikwenzayo. Kufanele, mhlawumbe, kume kancane achaze lokho okwenziwa amaphoyisa โnjengokugcina abantu bephephile โezindaweni ezilungile,โ [ukugcina] abantu โezindaweni ezimbiโโฆkuqukethwe,โ bese ecaphuna esinye isikhulu: โEsikwenzayo lapha ezansi. ukucindezelwa; akukona ukuphepha, wukubamba ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akusabalali ezindaweni ezinhle.โ Yebo, uRice ufuna ukushintsha lowo mkhankaso, kodwa ucabanga ukuthi indlela yokuwenza iwukuthuthukisa isu lamaphoyisa. Okusho ukuthi, uthatha ngokuthi inkinga isezindleleni zamaphoyisa, hhayi iziphetho. Ngakho-ke usekholelwa ukuthi angakwazi ukufeza okuningi ngokusebenzisana kunokuphikisa.
Ngalokhu engqondweni, isihloko sencwadiโAmandla Akavumi Lutho- kuba yindida. Kuyinkomba yenkulumo kaFrederick Douglass ka-1857 emayelana nokuqedwa kobugqila eBritish West Indies. UDouglass waphikisa: โLokho uWilberforce ayezama ukukuzuza esigungwini sesigele saseBrithani ngobugagu bakhe bomlingo izigqila ngokwazo ezazizama ukukuzuza ngokugqashuka nobudlovaโฆ. Ngenkathi eyodwa ikhombisa ukuthi ubugqila abulungile, enye yakhombisa ukuthi iyingozi futhi ayilungileโฆ. Akungabazeki ukuthi ukwesaba imiphumela, ukwenza ngomqondo wokuziphatha okubi kobugqila, kwaholela ekuqedweni kwabo.โ
UDouglass wabona indima yokuphikisana ngokuziphatha kanye nenqubo yePhalamende. Kodwa wabuye wabona ukuthi wukumelana nezigqila ngokwazo okwenza lesi sikhungo sibonakale singabambeki. Uma nje ubugqila babungalungile, babuyosinda. Kwaphela lapho iba yingozi kubanikazi bezigqila lapho yashiywa khona.
Kulokhu okuphawuliwe, uDouglass wengeze isimiso esijwayelekile: โUma ungekho umzabalazo ayikho inqubekela phambiliโฆ. Amandla awavumeli lutho ngaphandle kwesidingo. Akukaze kwenzeke futhi ngeke kwenzeke.โ
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UKristian Williams ungumbhali we Izitha Zethu Eziluhlaza: Amaphoyisa Namandla eMelika futhi Izindlela zaseMelika: Ukuhlukunyezwa kanye Nomqondo Wokubusa (zombili zivela eSouth End Press).
Gaza kuCrisis NguNoam Chomsky no-Ilan Pappe
Ihlelwe nguFrank Barat
I-Haymarket Press, i-240 pp.
Isibuyekezo sika-Azhar Ali Khan
Noam Chomsky kanye no-Ilan Pappe baye bakhiqiza incwadi enembile, ecabangelayo, eyakhayo nenobuntu. Nakuba kugxilwe eGaza, lapho abantu abangu-200,000 behlala ngaphansi kwezimo ezingaphansi komuntu ngenxa yokuvinjezelwa kwe-Israel esekelwe yi-US kanye nokuhlaselwa kwezakhamuzi ezingenakuzivikela, lolu cwaningo lunikeza umbono womlando mayelana nokungqubuzana. Idweba isithombe esifiphele. Ngakolunye uhlangothi kukhona ama-Israel, aqiniswa ukusekelwa okungenamkhawulo kwezomnotho, ezempi, ezokusebenzelana nezobunhloli zase-US. Ngakolunye uhlangothi abantu basePalestine abangenakuzisiza, abancishwe ithemba nendlala abaphikisi babo, kodwa bejabulela ukusekelwa ngokokuziphatha kweningi lezwe.
Le ncwadi iyakuphika ukuthi amaPalestine abaleka ezindlini zawo ngo-1948 ukuze amabutho ama-Arab akwazi ukunqoba u-Israyeli. Ithi uTheodor Herzl, umsunguli weZionism, noDavid Ben Gurion babeshilo kudala ngaphambi kokudalwa kuka-Israyeli ukuthi amaPalestina kwakuzodingeka asuswe. Futhi babenjalo.
I-UN Partition Plan, yavuma ngaphansi kwengcindezi ye-US ngenxa yokuthi uMongameli uHenry Truman wayethembele kubeluleki bakhe abangamaZiyoni ukuze akhethwe, yanikeza amaJuda angu-660,000 2โemphakathini oyizigidi ezimbiliโamaphesenti angu-56 omhlaba. AmaJuda amaningi ayesanda kufika ePalestine, kuyilapho ama-Arabhu ayesehlale lapho izizukulwane ngezizukulwane.
Ukuhlanzwa kohlanga okwakuholwa uHaganah nokuxhaswa umbuso kwaqala ngoDisemba 1947, ngaphambi kokuba u-Israyeli adalwe, futhi kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngu-1954. Kubantu basePalestine abayizi-900,000 ababehlala kulokho okwaba u-Israyeli kwasala i-100,000 kuphelaโabanye baxoshwa futhi izinkulungwane zabulawa.
Ama-Arabs akwa-Israel agcinwe ngaphansi kombuso wezempi iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabili. Ngisho namanje, imithetho eminingi kwa-Israyeli ibandlulula ama-Arabhu angama-Muslim namaKrestu futhi iwenza izakhamuzi ezisezingeni lesibili. Kodwa bajabulela inkululeko yezombangazwe futhi baze bamelwe naseKnesset. Ama-Arab aba ngaphansi kombuso wakwa-Israel ngemva kwempi ka-1967 awatholi amalungelo anjalo. Abaholi bakwa-Israel, beholwa uJenene Moshe Dayan, banqume ukuthi bangabaxoshi, kodwa babanqabele amalungelo ezepolitiki, ezomphakathi, namanye futhi benze izimpilo zabo zibe lusizi ngokubavimba, isikhathi sokufika ekhaya, ukuboshwa, nokuvalelwa iminyaka ngaphandle kokumangalelwa nokunqatshelwa kwezimvume zokwakha. nezinye izinsiza. Lezi zenzo zaziklanyelwe ukubakhipha ekugcineni.
Kusukela ngo-1967, inqubomgomo yakwa-Israel, ethathe amaphesenti angama-80 ePalestine, bekuwukuthatha izingxenye ezinkulu zamaphesenti angama-20 aseleโamaPalestine angaba nezwe elincane kwamanye amaBantustan awomile, nawo azolawulwa ama-Israel. I-Israel iphinde yenqaba ukwamukela isibopho ngalokho eyakwenza kubantu basePalestine phakathi kuka-1948-1954 futhi iphikisana nokubuyela kwabo ezindlini zabo. Kodwa amaJuda avela noma yikuphi angangena kwa-Israyeli futhi athole ubuzwe.
UChomsky kanye noPappe bathi inqubomgomo yakwa-Israel yokuphuca abantu basePalestine imfuyo kanye nokuxhasa abahlali abangekho emthethweniโmanje asebeyingxenye yesigidi ezindaweni ezihlaselwe abantuโyenze isixazululo semibuso emibili sangasebenzi.
Ukuze kube nendlela yayo, u-Israyeli uvame ukuhlasela iGaza Strip naseningizimu yeLebanon, esebenzisa ngokukhululekile izingalo zase-US nezikhali ezibulalayo, njengamabhomu e-phosphorus, kubantu abavamile. Izingqapheli eziningi, okuhlanganisa nowayenguMongameli we-UN General Assembly uMiguel D'Escoto Brockmann, owayengungqongqoshe wezangaphandle waseNicaragua, kanye nezingqapheli zamaJuda zichaze lezi zenzo njengokuqothulwa kohlanga.
UChomsky kanye noPappe bayagomela ukuthi lokhu kwenzeke ngenxa yokusekelwa kwezempi yase-US kanye nezokuxhumana. Kusukela ngo-1949 i-US inikeze u-Israyeli izibonelelo ezingaphezu kwezigidigidi eziyi-100 kanye namaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-10 ezibolekweni ezikhethekile. Eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-20 amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-5.5 anikezwa u-Israyeli ukuze athengwe ezempi.
Ababhali bagomela ngokuthi ukwesekwa kwe-US kwe-Israel kuncike ezigabeni ezintathu: indawo yokwamukela izivakashi enamandla i-AIPAC; indawo yezimboni zamasosha; kanye namaZionists angamaKristu. Imboni yezikhali yase-US iyazuza ekuhlolweni kwezikhali ezintsha ekuhlaselweni kwezakhamuzi ezivela emoyeni, olwandle nasemhlabeni. I-US ithengisa noma inikeza izikhali eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ku-Israel kanye nezikhali ezingabulali kwabanye. Umbiko we-New America Foundation wathi, โIzikhali nokuqeqeshwa kwezempi kwase-US kwaba nengxenye ezimpini ezinkulu ezingu-20 kwezingu-27 zomhlaba ngo-2007.โ
AmaZionists angamaKristu nawo asekela u-Israyeli ngaphandle kwemibandela ngezizathu zeBhayibheli. Bakholelwa ukuthi amaJuda kufanele azinze eZweni Elingcwele ukuze uMesiya afike futhi awaguqulele ebuKristwini, ngempoqo uma kudingekile, futhi lokho kuyoholela umhlaba ekuhlelweni. Kodwa ukusekelwa kuka-Israyeli kwehla ngokushesha phakathi kwamaJuda aseMelika, ikakhulukazi abasha.
UChomsky noPappe banomuzwa wokuthi njengoba i-intanethi kanye nenkundla yezokuxhumana iveza iqiniso eMpumalanga Ephakathi, umbono wezwe uzophendukela nakakhulu ngokumelene no-Israyeli kanye ne-US-mhlawumbe e-US ngokwayo. Ukuthi lokhu kuzokwenziwa kanjani akucaci. Mhlawumbe u-Israel ngeke abenakho okunye ngaphandle kokunika abantu basePalestine amalungelo alinganayo kwa-Israel kanye namalungelo abo ayisisekelo ezindaweni ezihlaselwe yi-Israel. Lokho kungaletha i-Israel esixazululweni sombuso owodwa lapho abasePalestine bezophinde babe ngabaningi ezweni labo.
Lena incwadi edabukisayo kodwa ecabangelayo eyabhalwa ongqondongqondo ababili abaqavile emhlabeni. Kufanele ifundwe kabanzi yilabo abakholelwa emalungelweni abantu, ukulingana, isithunzi, ubulungisa nokuthula kwabo bonke abantu.
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U-Azhar Ali Khan ungumbhali ozimele kanye nesishoshovu.