I-US
ubuholi kanye nezicukuthwane zimi ngomumo, zizimisele, futhi zivame ukulangazelela ukuwisa amabhomu kwabancane
abantu bomhlaba. Bangakwenza lokhu ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuziphindiselela ngenxa yobukhulu
inzuzo yezempi yamandla amakhulu kanye nokuzithoba "kwamazwe ngamazwe
umphakathi." Abaholi base-US futhi abavinjwa yinoma yimuphi umuzwa wokuphoxeka noma
amahloni okusebenzisa izikhali ezithuthukile ngokumelene nabantu abangenakuzivikela.
Injabulo ingene
Amabhomu
Esinye isici esichaza lokhu kulungele ukuqhunyiswa kwebhomu
umuzwa we-elite wesikhathi eside wokuphakama kohlanga namasiko, nokuzicabangela bona
ukucatshangwa kwelungelo lamaphoyisa, ukubusa, nokuqothula. Inkulumo yayo yakudala yayi
Isimemezelo sikaNobhala Wezwe uRichard Olney sika-1895 sokuthi "i-United States i
empeleni inobukhosi kuleli zwekazi, futhi isisekelo salo siwumthetho phezu kwezihloko elibhekene nazo
ihlanganisa ukufakwa kwayo." Kodwa ukusuka ku-Teddy Roosevelt kuya ku-Lyndon Johnson nowakhe
abalandela esikhundleni, ukuzidla kuka-Olney kufaniswa nokulandelana kobandlululo
"ama-niggers" kanye "nama-gooks" sasibulala futhi sithulisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho,
kuzo zonke izimpi zangemva kobukoloni benkathi yethu, inhloko-dolobha ekhulayo yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu
impi enzima esiyiqashile yakhelwe ngokusobala ukunciphisa abalimala bethu,
ngenkathi kwandisa inani labantu abangamasosha kanye nenani lezempi elibekwe ezitheni zethu. Isitha
abalimala banikezwa isisindo esiyiziro kuzibalo zabahleli bezempi nezombusazwe base-US, a
inqubo elulaza ubuntu ebonakala ezikhathini zokubala izisulu zempi
ungazinaki ngokuphelele ezesitha.
Lesi simo sengqondo
kwenza ukuqhuma kwamabhomu kube lula, kodwa isici esibalulekile ekukhuthazeni umsebenzi wokuqhuma kwamabhomu ngokungangabazeki
Indima yombuso wase-US. Amabutho ezempi anokufinyelela emhlabeni wonke, njengoba kuboniswa ngokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu, ayakhonza
izintshisekelo zezinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe azinze e-US ezihamba phambili ekuhwebeni kwembulunga yonke
inqubo, ngokubonisa ukuthi yini engenzeka emazweni aphuzayo ukuvula izimakethe noma
faka imibuso enobungane emandleni. Ukusebenzisa ama-boycotts namabhomu ukujezisa "ama-rogues"
abathi ngandlela thize balawula izimakethe zabo kanye nezinsiza kube yinto ebalulekile
isici senqubomgomo yase-US neyasentshonalanga kusukela ngo-1917. Ukuhlaselwa kwamabhomu ngezikhathi ezithile nakho kusiza ukuthethelela
ukusungulwa kwezempi enkulu futhi uyivumele ukuthi inciphise i-inventory endala futhi ibonise futhi
zama ngezikhali ezintsha.
Okunye futhi
isici esihlobene nokulungela ukuqhunyiswa kwebhomu ukuthi ukuqhuma kwamabhomu kuwumnqobi wezepolitiki ekhaya,
njengoba abezindaba behlezi bethola i-chauvinistic bandwagon, kanye nomphakathi njalo
sizungeza ifulegi futhi sisekela abafana bethu. Izilinganiso zokuvota zikaGeorge Bush zenyuka njengoba yena
yaqhumisa i-Iraq ngo-1991, izintatheli nomphakathi wajabula ngempi yethu entsha ehlanzekile.
Ngosizo lwe-right-wing kanye nemidiya evamile
demonize noma ubani omi endleleni yethu, omongameli base-US nabo njalo ngaphansi kwengcindezi
lahla amabhomu njengendlela yokubonisa "umlingiswa" kanye "nobuholi." Buthaka
omongameli bathambekele kakhulu ekuqhumeni amabhomu ukuze bathulise abagxeki babo futhi bavikele futhi
ngcono izilinganiso zabo zenhlolovo. Ukuhlasela kukaClinton ngo-1993 eBaghdad kulandela izinsolo
Uhlelo lokubulala lwase-Iraq olubhekene noGeorge Bush lwaluyisibonelo sokuphendula ngamabhomu
ingcindezi yezombangazwe yabezindaba/yesokudla. Ukusabela okusheshayo kwamabhomu ekuhlaselweni kwe-US
Amanxusa ase-Afrika ngo-August 1998 nawo ayesekelwe kakhulu esidingweni sokwenza okuthile
ngamandla ukuvimba ukugxekwa kwezepolitiki. Yiqiniso, ezincazelweni ezisemthethweni kanye
kwabezindaba ezijwayelekile amabhomu kusolwa ukuthi adedelwa kuphela ngemuva "kokukhetha okubuhlungu,"
kodwa lena inkulumo-ze exolisayo efihla ipolitiki kuphela
ukucatshangelwa okuhilelekile ezinqumweni kanye nesisindo esincane esinikezwe "isibambiso
umonakalo" kanye nomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe.
Lapho
ubufakazi obuqoqwe ngemuva kokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu kwemboni yemithi eSudan ngo-1998
ibonise ukuthi izimangalo zase-US ezithethelela ukuhlasela zingamanga futhi zisekelwe ekungafanelekeni
idatha eqoqwe futhi yahlolwa, bekukuncane kakhulu ukugxeka okujwayelekile
abezindaba. Kwabezindaba, i-US inelungelo lokuqhumisa elinye izwe uma icabanga ukuthi linalo
uhlobo lwecalaโakudingeki ukuba liqiniseke ngamaqiniso, noma lijahe ukunxephezela abahlukunyeziwe
emaphutheni ayo, ngaphezu kokuba iphoqelekile ukuthobela umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe.
Rules
yoMdlalo wokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu
Imithetho yomdlalo wamabhomu ilula: uma wena
ungumngane futhi ungumlingani owusizo, ngokuzenzakalelayo uphatha "ukuphepha" okusemthethweni
ukukhathazeka" futhi angawela imingcele, abulale, futhi acekele phansi, ngaphandle kosongo lokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu; kodwa uma
uyisitha noma uvimbe ukufezwa kwezinjongo zethu, ukuwela kwakho
imingcele kanye nokubulawa, ekhaya noma phesheya, akukwazi ukubekezelelwa futhi wena ibhomu.
Kukhona futhi
ukuthambekela okuphoqelekile nokwenza ihaba kobugebengu nezinsongo zamabhomu.
Ngakho, ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuhlasela kwe-US kanye nokuhlasela kommeleli eGuatemala ngoJuni 1954, i-
UMkhandlu Wezokuphepha Kazwelonke uchaze izwe eliyizisulu ezicishe zaphucwa izikhali njenge
"yakhula [insimbi] yobudlova baseSoviet" eLatin America, njengokungathi
kunokuba i-US yayizongenela ukuhlasela kuhlonyiwe. Ngokufanayo, iNicaragua encane,
ngaphansi kokuhlasela kwe-US ngeminyaka yawo-1980, kwakusolwa ukuthi yenze "uguquko ngaphandle
imingcele," nalapho ijahe amaphekula axhaswe yi-US yawela umngcele ingena
IHonduras, yamenyezelwa nguhulumeni wase-US (kanye nabezindaba) ukuthi bazokwenza
"ukuhlasela." Awekho kulawa mazwe aqhuma amabhomu ayevunyelwe ilungelo lokuzenzela
ukuzivikela. Ohulumeni babo bobabili basuswa amabhomu aseMelika nezinye izinhlobo zodlame,
nakuba ukuphuma kokugcina kukahulumeni waseNicaragua kwenziwa ukhetho olubanjwe ngaphansi
izimo zokungathembeki ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yokuhlasela kwamaphekula.
I-Iraq, vele, yaduma kakhulu ngemuva
ukuhlasela kwayo iKuwait ngo-1990. Yayisidlulile, futhi kwakunezinye izizathu ezibalulekile
ukuqhumisa amabhomu: osolwazi abaphiko lwesokudla babekhalela igazi, uBush wayesenkingeni yezepolitiki,
futhi ukusungulwa kwezempi kwakudinga isisekelo sesabelomali sezempi se-post-Soviet futhi kwadingeka
iqoqo elikhulu lamabhomu azokwehla nezikhali ebifuna ukuzibeka obala. Nge
usizo lwabezindaba, ukushweleza isikhathi eside nokusekelwa kukaSaddam Hussein akunakwa, futhi
imizamo eminingi yokumvumela ukuba ahoxe eKuwait ngesizotha yashayelwa eceleni. Ngakho
amabhomu kude.
Ikona
ekhanyisa ukuthi i-Iraq ayizange iqhunyiswe ngamabhomu ngaphambi kokuhlasela kwe-Kuwait ngo-1990, naphezu kwayo
ukwenza ezinye izinto ezimbi kakhulu, njengokuhlasela i-Iran nokusebenzisa izikhali zamakhemikhali ngokumelene nayo
amaKurds omdabu ngo-1986. Njengoba uSaddam Hussein wabe engumngane wase-US, owamukela i-US
usizo, nokwenza umsebenzi ofisa ukuwenzaโukubulala abantu base-Irani, ngenkathi i-Iran yayisezingeni eliphezulu
isitha-lezi zindaba singazinaka yithi kanye "namazwe ngamazwe
umphakathi." Ungalokothi uvumele ukuthi kuthiwe umgomo kanye nesidingo sokungaguquguquki kwenqubomgomo
singama endleleni yokuphishekela izithakazelo zethu zesikhashana.
Okunye okuphawulekayo
ngaphandle kokuqhuma kwamabhomu kwenzeka kulandela ukuhlasela kuka-Suharto ngo-1975 nokuhlala eMpumalanga
I-Timor. Lokhu kwakuhilela ukuhlanzwa kohlanga ngaphezu kwanoma yini amaSerb noma uSaddam Hussein
abake benza. Kodwa njengomngane wethu, ngomnyango ovulekile futhi unikeza abatshalizimali
ipharadesi, hhayi nje ukuthi u-Suharto akazange aqhunyiswe ngamabhomu, wanikezwa izingalo zokubulala, i-diplomatic
ukuvikelwa, kanye nokuzondwa kwamehlo okudingekayo e-US nakwamanye abezindaba asentshonalanga.
igalikuni
no-Israyeli
Phakathi nengxabano yasentshonalanga phezu kwamaSerbs in
E-Kosovo, ngo-Okthoba 1998 amasosha aseTurkey aqala omunye umkhankaso wokulwa nempi
AmaKurds eMpumalanga Turkey. Ngo-1995 i New York Times wavuma ukuthi iTurkish
"Bebesebenzisa ama-F-16 nezinye izikhali zaseMelika ukuhlasela iTurkey
ibulala izinkulungwane zabantu futhi ishiya izigidi zingenamakhayaโ (umhleli.,
Okthoba 17, 1995). ITurkey iphinde yahlasela inyakatho ye-Iraq kaningi emikhankasweni eyandisiwe
yokuthula, hhayi nje ukubulala okusolwa ukuthi "amaphekula" angamaKurd kodwa nawo
amasosha "ayevame ukubikwa ukuthi abulala abantu baseKurdish nomaphi," ehlanganyela
"ukushaywa, ukuphangwa nokucekelwa phansi kwemizi nempahla" yezakhamuzi
inani labantu (Izikhathi Zezezimali, Agasti 8, 1995). I-Turkey nayo idume kabi
ukusetshenziswa ezikhungweni zokuhlukumeza eziboshweni zazo zonke izinhlobo.
Ukuhlukunyezwa kwaseTurkey, ukuhlanzwa kobuhlanga kanye nokuhlasela
kube "ihlazo" kubalingani bayo (NYT, September 7, 1992), owathi
banxuse iTurkey ukuthi ibe muhle. Nakuba ukuhlasela kweTurkey kumaKurds kubangele kude
ukufa nokubhujiswa okukhulu kunokucindezelwa kwama-Serb kwamavukela mbuso ase-Albania e-Kosovo
iminyaka iqhubeka, futhi iye yahilela nokuhlasela okuphindaphindiwe kwelinye izwe
(Iraq), akukaze kube khona ucingo lokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu noma ngisho nokuqapha iTurkey
izenzo ezenziwa yi-US noma umphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe. Ngokuhambisana nemithetho yokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu
umdlalo, njengamandla anobungane, onomnyango ovulekile futhi olalela njalo imiyalo, iTurkey inakho
"ukukhathazeka kwezokuphepha" okufanele kuvunywe, futhi akugcini nje ngokuqhunyiswa,
iyaqhubeka nokuthola usizo lwase-US kanye nokusekelwa ngamanxusa. Phakathi kokuqhubeka kwayo
ukuhlaselwa kwamaKurds, i-European Commission iphakamise ukunikeza iTurkey iphakethe losizo
$182 million "ukuyisiza ilungiselele ubulungu be-European Union futhi iqinise a
inyunyana yamasiko" (Financial Times, Okthoba 23, 1998). Ukuphathwa kukaClinton
ayizange ibe nengcindezi nakancane eTurkey ukuthi iyeke ukubulala amaKurds. Nakanjani
ukuthi abezindaba abajwayelekile base-US banikeze ukunaka okuncane kokuhlanzwa kohlanga lwaseTurkey
kanye nokucasuka futhi behlulekile ukuqaphela izinga eliphindwe kabili elimangalisayo.
U-Israyeli, kunjalo, usondelene kakhulu naye
futhi ivikelwe yi-US kuneTurkey, futhi isakhululekile ukuzibandakanya ekuhlanzweni kohlanga
kanye nokuhlasela nokugasela emingceleni, ngaphandle kokwesaba unswinyo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Amashumi eminyaka
U-Israel ubelokhu exosha abantu basePalestine ezindlini zabo bethanda izifiki ezingamaJuda, futhi
uye wagcina uhlelo lwezindlu olubandlululayo kanye nobunikazi bomhlaba obe
uma kuqhathaniswa ngokungafanele nobandlululo lwaseNingizimu Afrika kumaphephandaba akwa-Israel (kodwa hhayi e-US) (bheka Ha'aretz,
February 10, 1991). Izindlu zababhikishi basePalestine abajikijela amatshe zihlala njalo
wabhidlizwa, kodwa kulandela ukubulawa kwakhe kwabasePalestine abangama-29 umuzi kaBaruch Goldstein wasala
iphelele. Ukuhlukumeza kusetshenziswe ngendlela ehlelekile amashumi eminyaka, i I-New York Times
sivuma ngokudlula (August 14, 1993) ukuthi amaPalestina angama-400-500 ayephathwa kanjalo.
ngenyanga. Kwafa abantu basePalestine abangaphezu kwenkulungwane kwathi abangaphezu kuka-130,000 balimala ngesikhathi
I-Intifada imibhikisho ephikisana nokucwaswa, lapho uNgqongqoshe Wezokuvikela u-Yitzhak Rabin
wayala ibutho lakwa-Israel ukuthi likhululekile ukungena ezindlini zasePalestine futhi lishaye amadoda,
abesifazane, nezingane ngaphandle kokwesaba ukushushiswa. Akukho sinyathelo ngokumelene no-Israyeli esathathwa ngu
umphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe ekuphenduleni le ngcindezelo enonya.
Isimo se
I-Israel iphinde yahlasela iLebanon ngokuphindaphindiwe, iqhumisa amabhomu futhi yabulala abaningi
izinkulungwane zezakhamuzi futhi ebalekela amakhulu ezinkulungwane. Kuye kwabaningi
iminyaka yagcina ibutho lamaphekula eNingizimu Lebanon ukuze lifeze izithakazelo zalo zokuthula
Lapho. Futhi u-Israyeli uzizwe ekhululekile ukwenza ukuhlasela ngezikhathi ezithile okujezisa eLebanon nokuqhumisa amabhomu
izwe ngokubona kwalo.
Lobuzwe
ukuhlanzwa kwa-Israyeli, ukwephula ngokuqhubekayo umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe kanye Nokuphepha kwe-UN
Izinqumo zoMkhandlu, kanye nokuhlasela okuvamile kanye nokuhlaselwa kwemingcele ngokumelene neLebanon,
azikaze ziholele ekutheni u-Israyeli asatshiswe ngokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu. Ayikaze ngisho iphathwe
kunoma yikuphi ukuncishiswa kosizo lwase-US noma ukugeleza kwamabhomu nezinye izikhali okufanele ziphathwe
ukucindezelwa nokuhlasela kwayo. Nakuba u-Israyeli uye waba nokuphakama okukhulu kwezempi
phezu kwamaPalestine kanye nomakhelwane eliye lahlasela ngezikhathi ezithile, kwa-Israel
ukuziphatha kuvunyelwa "izinkinga zokuphepha" okusolwa ukuthi zibucayi, kuyilapho kunjalo
izisulu azikho. I-Israel iphinde imenyezelwe njengesisulu "sobuphekula" kanye nobubi bayo
ukuhlanzwa okukhulu kobuhlanga kanye nokucwasa, kanye nokuhlaselwa kwemingcele, kukhona
ukulwa nobuphekula nokuziphindiselela, ngenxa yesimo saso njengezwe leklayenti lase-US (noma ngabe
icala lapho umsila utshikizisa inja). Lawa maqiniso asungulwa e-US
abezindaba ezijwayelekile, ukuze u-Israyeli akwazi ukuthola uxhaso lokwenza izinto ezingenza i
amandla esitha amabhomu ngokwedlulele.
Ibhomu
Serbia
eYugoslavia
Ama-Serbs angakamuva kulayini omude wamabhomu anamademoni. Umongameli wayo uSlobodan
U-Milosevic ugxekwa ngolaka ngabahleli njengesidlali somhlaba, futhi
abadwebi bamakhathuni bangaveza "amaSerb" njengezingulube ngaphandle kokukhuzwa
ukucwasa ngokwebala. Nokho, amacala okufanele ajeziswe kanzima ngawo amaSerb, avamile
elilingana noma lidlulwe yileyo yezwe lamakhasimende ase-US, angakwazi ukuhlala eyizindlalifa
usizo lwasentshonalanga ngisho nalapho ihlanganyela ekuqothulweni kohlanga endaweni ehlaselwe (iSuharto yase-Indonesia
umbuso eMpumalanga Timor). Ukubulawa kwabantu abaningi kukodwa akwanele ukuthi kufanelwe wubudemoni kanye
ukubhomba. Ngemuva kwentukuthelo eqondiswe ngokucophelela kunentshisekelo ye-geostrategic ye
I-US kanye nabalingani bayo abahamba phambili baseNtshonalanga.
Nakuba kuhle
ukuqonda kuboniswa "kokukhathazeka ngokuvikeleka" okushayela amaklayenti ase-US
udlame, izehlakalo zodlame ngamabhomu zibangelwa umuntu odelelayo futhi
isifiso esiphendukezelwe "sokuhlola ukuzimisela" kwabaholi baseNtshonalanga. Lesi sizathu esingenakwenzeka
kudlalelwa phezulu, kuyilapho noma yikuphi ukwesaba kwangempela kwezwe elizithola likhethekile
Ukwelashwa kwe-pariah akunakwa.
eYugoslavia
Umholi wangemva kweMpi Yezwe II uTito kungenzeka ukuthi wayengumashiqela wamaKhomanisi, kodwa ukuxabana kwakhe naye
U-Stalin wamguqula waba umngane waseNtshonalanga. IYugoslavia yayivulekile futhi ichuma,
futhi bathole amakhredithi aphezulu aseNtshonalanga. Umthwalo wezikweletu owaba umphumela wawuyimbangela enkulu ku
ukuhlukanisa izwe ngokomnotho kanye nezinhlanga ngeminyaka yawo-1980. Kwake kwaba yiSoviet Union
yawa, iYugoslavia yalahlekelwa isithakazelo sayo e-US IJalimane esanda kuhlangana,
kanye ne-Austria, ingase iqale kabusha ubutha bayo bendabuko eYugoslavia ebumbene,
ukuxhasa ubuzwe baseCroatia nase-Albania ngokumelene namaSerb. Ukuqina kweJalimane kwaphoqelelwa ngokushesha
ukwamukelwa kwamazwe ngamazwe kokuhlukana okungaxoxiswana ngakho kwe-Slovenia ne-Croatia, ukuguqula
Ibutho laseYugoslavia libe "umhlukumezi" endaweni yalo. KwabaseSerbia, ababenakho
wabona abanqobi baseJalimane abangamaNazi beqopha iYugoslavia izingcezu ezihlukene ngo-1941, kwakuyi-deja vu
kuphinda futhi.
Ngaphansi kwengcindezi
kusukela kwabezindaba ngaso sonke isikhathi kubhekwe ababi, i-US yasheshe yangena kulokhu
i-bandwagon yokuqeda uzinzo, ikakhulukazi ukubuyisela indima yayo yobuholi eYurophu, kanye noku
yakha ubuhlobo obusha nabalingani bayo abaseduze base-Near Eastern (Turkey, Israel, Saudi Arabia) by
ukudala indawo entsha yokubusa emazweni aseBalkan ngezindleko zalokho okwake kwaba a
amandla azimele kanye namandla angamukeleki kangako. IYugoslavia, phela, yayaziwa yomibili
for brand yayo ekhethekile "self-management socialism," ngokungafani
imodeli yaseSoviet, kanye nendima yayo yamazwe ngamazwe njengomsunguli we-Non-Aligned Movement,
ngobudlelwano obusondelene namazwe Omhlaba Wesithathu. Lezi kwakuyizingxabano abaholi baseMelika ababeyizo
ngijabule kakhulu ukuqeda unomphela.
NjengamaSerb ezinhlanga
yayihloselwe ukuqedwa "ku-Independent State of Croatia" (okuyinto
yayihlanganisa neBosnia) eyayiqhutshwa yinhlangano yaseCroatia yase-Utasha eyayisekelwa amaNazi phakathi neMpi Yezwe II,
Ukusekelwa kweJalimane kokuhlukana kweCroatia ngaphansi kobuholi bobuzwe ngokusobala
ukuzwelana nesiko lama-Ustasha, kwabeka usongo lwangempela lokuphepha kumSerb omkhulu
abantu baseCroatia. Lokhu kungaqinisa amabutho ezizwe eSerbia kuphela. Ezihlukahlukene
izindlela, inqubomgomo yaseNtshonalanga yakhuthaza ukunyakaza kobuzwe baseCroatia, isiSlovenia, kanye ne-Albanian
funa ukuphuma esifundazweni saseYugoslavia. Ngokuvumela ukuhlonza ubuzwe njengesisekelo
ubukhosi bendawo, iNtshonalanga yakhuthaza wonke amaqembu eYugoslavia ukuba afune indawo
ukubusa-okwakuhlanganisa ukuxosha amalungu ezizwe eziphikisanayo, ngokuvamile ngokubulala
ukuze besabise abanye. AmaSerb abambe iqhaza ngobudlova kule nqubo embi, kodwa
babengebodwa. Ukushiya umbuzo wokuthi ubani oqale nini futhi ubani obulele futhi
yaxosha abantu abaningi "ekuhlanzweni kohlanga" e-Croatia nase-Bosnia phakathi
1991 kanye no-1995, okuqinisekile ukuthi abezindaba base-US bagxile ebugebengwini baseSerb futhi badlala.
phansi lezo ezenziwa amaCroat namaMuslim. Kwakungekho ukuboniswa okukhulu kokuziphatha
ukucasuka kwabezindaba nakubaholi baseNtshonalanga lapho amaSerbia ayingxenye yesine yesigidi
AbakwaKrajina baxoshwa emakhaya abo ngamabutho aseCroatia ngo-August 1995 (ngenani elikhulu.
ukubulala). Eqinisweni, lawo mabutho aseCroatia aye (ngokungemthetho) aphinde ahlonywa ngezikhali zaseJalimane,
baqeqeshwe ojenene base-US "asebethathe umhlalaphansi" futhi banikezwe ukukhanya okuluhlaza yi-US
inxusa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakunjengoba lokhu kwakwenzeka lapho i-NATO yaqoka amaSerb njengawo
umgomo wabo wokuqala wokuqhunyiswa ngamabhomu ezwenikazi laseYurophu kusukela ekupheleni kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi.
Lapho inkathazo
kuqubuke kulo nyaka esifundazweni saseSerbia, iKosovo, okuyindawo enzima kunazo zonke
i-Balkans ekhathazekile, iNtshonalanga ngokushesha yabuyela esimweni sayo e-Bosnia: amaSerb anjalo
ukusola futhi kumele kuqhunyiswe ngamabhomu. Ukwazi lokhu, iKosovo Liberation Army (KLA), efuna
ukususa i-Kosovo eSerbia futhi yakhe i-Greater Albania inesu elilula. Ncika ku
Ukucindezelwa kweSerbia ukuletha amabutho e-NATO ukuhlasela amaSerbia futhi avumele i-KLA ukuthi ithathe
ngaphezulu.
Lesi simo
bekusobala futhi kubikezelwa kusukela ekuqaleni. Iminyaka eminingana i-KLA ibulawa
hhayi amaphoyisa nezikhulu zaseSerbia kuphela, kodwa nabantu base-Albania ababephikisana nalo
ukunyakaza kokuhlukana okunodlame. Ehlobo lika-1998 amabutho ezokuphepha aseSerbia ekugcineni
wathatha udobo waya emaphandleni aseKosovo ukuyosiphula i-KLA. Njengenjwayelo ku enjalo
amacala, izakhamuzi ezingenalusizi zahlupheka futhi abashokobezi bavele bahlangana kabusha. Izinkulungwane ezingenakubalwa
Izakhamuzi zaxoshwa ezigodini okukholakala ukuthi zikhoselisa ama-KLA ngaphambi kwezokuphepha
amabutho abhidliza izindonga futhi ashisa izakhi zomndeni. Baphakathi kuka-500 no-1,000 abantu
babulewe kule ngxabano. Zombili izinhlangothi ziye zabulala izakhamuzi, kanye nabanamandla
Ibutho lama-Serb cishe libhekene nesabelo esingalingani. Kodwa uhlangothi lwamaSerbia kuphela
kusatshiswa nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesenzo se-NATO.
Ngale ndlela,
ukuthambekela kwe-US ekuqhumeni ibhomu kuba ithuluzi elingase lisetshenziswe noma ngabe kuqhathaniswa
ukuhlubuka okuncane okuhlomile ukuhlakaza isizwe esaziwayo. I-KLA ingaba ngeyokuqala
"inkululeko" ukunyakaza emlandweni ukucabangela i-NATO ibutho layo lomoya elibonakalayo. Lokhu
ivula ama-horizons amasha okusetshenziswa kwe-NATO.
AbaseTurkey
amabutho ahlomile anikele ngokukhululekile ukuthatha ikhefu ekubhubhiseni amadolobhana amaKurdish
nangale kwemingcele yaseTurkey ukubamba iqhaza empini ye-NATO yokulwa nobuntu
Ama-Serbs ngokwenza cishe okufanayo, kodwa ngesilinganiso esincane kakhulu futhi ngaphakathi kuphela
ESerbia.
Ukukhetha
ukukhathazeka kobuntu baseNtshonalanga kusobala. Futhi kulokhu, inqubomgomo yaseNtshonalanga ine
empeleni yabhebhethekisa amalangabi odweshu. Nakuba ukulamula okunobulungiswa nobungane kubizelwa,
ukuchema kweNtshonalanga ohlangothini olulodwa, kanye nezimpawu eziphikisanayo zenze kwaba cishe
akunakwenzeka ukuba amaSerb nama-Albania azitholele isisombululo.
Isizwe
Abantu base-Albania bathi bafuna ukuzihlukanisa. INtshonalanga iyakuchitha lokho, njengoba kungabeka okubi
isibonelo samaSerbia aseBosnia afuna ukuzihlukanisa neBosnia. Amanye amaSerbia asikisela
ukuhlukanisa iKosovo phakathi kweSerbia nama-Albania. INtshonalanga iyakuchitha lokho, njengoba bekungenza
wabeka isibonelo esibi eMakedoniya, lapho abase-Albania nabo babeyofuna ukuzihlukanisa. I
AmaSerbia athembisa ukuxoxisana ngaphandle kwemibandela, abase-Albania bayenqaba ukuhlala phansi
ithebula, futhi iNtshonalanga ngaleso sikhathi isabisa ngokuqhumisa amaSerb "ukuze ibaphoqe ukuba baye
itafula lokuxoxisana."
Nokho
ecasukile, abezokuphepha baseSerbia cishe banecala njengoba bebekwe icala "lokusebenzisa
amandla ngokweqile." Ngentukuthelo yayo elungile, i-NATO ihlanganise i-armada enamandla
izindiza zempi, amabhomu ashubile, nemicibisholo ejikijelwayo esongela ukuqothula iYugoslavia
wonke amandla okuvikela kazwelonke, okuhlanganisa izikhungo zokulawula nokulawula. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi
I-NATO iyakwenyanya ukusetshenziswa "kwamandla amakhulu."