Incwadi ka-Antonio A. Santucci; I-New York: I-Monthly Review Press, 2010, 176 pp.
Isimo siyachuma esikhathini sedijithali kulo lonke elase-US ngo-2010, sibhebhezela isiphuzo esinobuthi sokwesaba nokucasuka okudumile. Ngabe u-Antonio Gramsci (1891 kuya ku-1937), isishoshovu saseSardinian kanye ne-theorist, angamangala? Nginokungabaza. Ukufunda i-biography yombhali, intatheli, kanye ne-theorist ka-Antonio A. Santucci, isazi se-Gramsci, kuqhuba leli phuzu. Uletha ekugxilweni okubukhali kwe-Gramsci kanye nemibhalo yakhe yezombangazwe neyejele.
Incwadi uGramsci ayibhalela umkakhe isinika umuzwa wesimo sakhe sokuzigxeka. Esigamekweni esibuhlungu, uGramsci uhlangabezane nokwehlukana e-Italy phakathi kwamasosha nabasebenzi enyakatho (emadolobheni) naseningizimu (yasemaphandleni). I-Santucci ihlola ukuthi uGramsci waqonda kanjani izinhlangothi zombili ngesikhathi sezingxabano zabasebenzi. Ikhomanisi laseSardinia livela njengomcabango oqinile. Ngokwesibonelo, uphenya izimbangela nemiphumela yemibono yabahlanganyeli ngomunye nomunye nakwabo ngokwabo njengesisekelo sesu lesikhathi esizayo. "Nalapha futhi, singakwazi ukubona isici esibalulekile sendlela kaGramsci," kubhala uSantucci. "Isenzo kanye nokuvutshelwa kwezombusazwe kuyabuyekezwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi kuphenduke into nemodeli yophenyo lwesayensi."
Umbono kaGramsci mayelana nokuhleleka nokuphazamiseka ngaphansi konxiwankulu kanye nesocialism uyaphawuleka. Lesi sigaba sihambisana nesikhathi samanje. Cabanga ngesimangalo esiphindwa kaningi sabantu abaningi sokuthi ezinye izindlela zebhizinisi njengenjwayelo zizohluleka. "Ubufakazi" ukwehluleka kwemizamo yangaphambilini. Izwe elaliyiSoviet Union kanye neCuba manje sekuyizinto ezibizwa ngephuzu. Kunoma ikuphi, ngokubhala ithiyori kanye namasu esocialist, uGramsci unxusa abasekeli ukuthi babe nesibindi, ukuze baqinise ukulwela kwabo umphakathi omusha onikeza amalungelo abantu amakhono. Uyaqhubeka, ebhala ngabasekeli abamelene nonxiwankulu: "Isimiso esingokomthetho abafuna ukusiqonda siwukwenza ukugcwaliseka okuphelele kobuntu bomuntu kwenzeke kuzo zonke izakhamuzi." U-Gramsci ucabanga kakhulu. Eqinisweni, ufanekisela ukunyakaza komphakathi eLatin America manje, okungukuthi, iBolivia ngaphansi kukaMongameli u-Evo Morales. Okusho ukuthi, umqondo wabo bonke abantu abaphila kahle, abanezisu ezigcwele, isikhathi esikhululekile, nomsebenzi onenjongo.
Iphrozi kaGramsci ngemuva kokuboshwa kobushiqela bukaMussolini kuyinqolobane. Thatha i Izincwadi Zasejele. Ikakhulukazi izigebengu zikaGramsci kumalungu omndeni wakhe nabangane abaseduze. USantucci weluka izincazelo zakhe zempilo kaGramsci ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima nobudlelwano bakhe bomndeni. Abangane baphinde bakhulisa izifundo zika-Gramsci ezinezigwegwe njengesiboshwa sezombusazwe esivalekile esasifunda futhi sibhale ngokuchichimayo. Omunye umngane kwakunguPiero Sraffa, umbhali odumile nosomnotho wezepolitiki. Yena nodadewabo kadadewabo ka-Gramsci banikeze isikhuthazo sokuhlakanipha ukuze alwe nokuhlukaniswa kwakhe nonya nokweswela ezandleni zikahulumeni wase-Italy.
In the Izincwadi Zasejele, u-Gramsci umba ngokujulile emibonweni eye yangena olimini lokuphikiswa namuhla, kusukela emphakathini kanye ne-hegemony kuya kumbono. Cabanga ngokuhlaziywa kukaGramsci ngemibono ebusayo yomphakathi. Esikhathini sethu, omunye umbono wokuthi imakethe isebenza kahle kakhulu lapho uhulumeni evikela futhi elawula amafemu ezezimali nezimboni ngokwezintshisekelo zabo. I-Gramsci ibambana nokuqonda okucacile kwale nqubo, okuthi e-US ibone isigaba esiphezulu sichoboza abantu abasebenzayo, kuyilapho amaqembu aqinile esikhwama esinezithende ezimelene nabafuduki kanye ne-anti-Muslim hysteria ukuze aqinise kangcono ukulawula kwe-elite ngokuvamile.
I-Santucci isilethela isithombe esicacile sokuthi ukugxeka kukaGramsci ngokushintsha isimo kusuka emazingeni aphansi kubiza kanjani "impi yezikhundla." Le mpi idinga isineke nokuzibophezela ekufundeni ukuze unqobe. Lapha nakwezinye izindawo zokufunda kwakhe, u-Gramsci unaka imininingwane yansuku zonke. Thatha imibhalo yakhe ngesiko. Isibonelo, u-Gramsci wabamba izincazelo zomuntu siqu nezombusazwe zokuduma komculo wase-Afrika-waseMelika phakathi kwabaseYurophu cishe eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule. Khona-ke njengamanje lezi zinhlobo zobuciko zingase zenze abantu babe nonembeza wokulwela ikusasa elinobuntu. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Gramsci kunikeza umongo ongokomlando ekuthandeni kwanamuhla okusabalele kwengubo ye-hip hop egqugquzelwe mnyama, amagama engoma, nezigqi kwabancane bezizinda eziningi.
I-Santucci iphetha ngezithasiselo ezimbili. Enye iwukulandelana kwezikhathi ze-Gramsci. Enye ihlanganisa umlando wabantu abakhulu bezombusazwe. Ugoqa ngamanothi kanye nenkomba. Kulabo abasha nabandala be-Gramsci, incwadi ka-Santucci ifundeka kahle.
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USeth Sandronsky uhlala futhi ubhala eSacramento.