Nikos Raptis
"Iklayenti
izwe: izwe elithembele kulo ngokwezomnotho, ngokwepolitiki, noma ngokwezempi
elinye izwe" (Webster's 10th). Leyo kwakuyincazelo ephucuziwe ngokuthi
izikhulu zezombangazwe cishe ngo-1918. Ezweni langempela lanamuhla izinkulumo
"i-vassal state" noma "indawo ethathiwe" zithembeke kakhulu. Ngisho
igama elithi "vassal" (oncike othobekile) alinamandla. "Occupied" ngu
eduze neqiniso. Icala laseGreece "njengendawo ethathiwe" yase-US,
kusukela ngo-1947, uyisibonelo esikhanyiselayo (bona i-Commentary kaJuni 16, '99). Asi
thatha isibonelo sakamuva: uLieutenant Colonel Michael Ellerbe, "The
umkhuzi webutho lezempi (laseMelika) elashaya, lasongela futhi lahlukumeza izakhamuzi
I-Kosovo (kusukela ngo-September 1999 kuya ku-March) ikhethelwe iplamu
umsebenzi wakhe e-Army War College, okumgcina esendleleni yokukhushulelwa esikhundleni
kuya jikelele." (International Herald Tribune, IHT, Oct. 20, '00). Lokhu
ukuziphatha okuyisici ngebutho elihlezi. Noma yimaphi amanye amazwana awabalulekile.
Kungani
ingabe i-US elite ilwela ukuthatha umhlaba? "UMongameli uBill Clinton kanye
UNobhala Wezwe uMadeleine Albright ufanelwe udumo ngokusebenzisa okungokoqobo
umgomo wokuthi amandla okukhiqiza ayisidingo sokuqala ekusakazeni komuntu
amanani. Ngawo-1930, kwakungamaNazi ayesebenzisa ukucindezela kwezempi futhi
basekela amaqembu ezombusazwe endawo eBalkans ngemali, ubuhlakani,
imishini yokunyathelisa nolunye usizo. Akumangalisi ukuthi kwakunemibono yobufascist ngaleso sikhathi
phezulu." (URobert D. Kaplan, umlingani ophezulu we-New America Foundation,
ku-IHT ka-Oct. 7-8, '00). Ingabe okuqukethwe umbhalo kaMnu. Kaplan (hhayi kuya
khuluma ngesibonelo esikhethiwe) engakholeki? Lutho neze. UGeorge Kennan, wase-US
UMnyango Wezwe, uveze "imibono" efanayo ngo-1947! Ukuvumelana
"kwemibono" ye-US intellectual elite iyancomeka.
Ngakho,
ingabe konke kumayelana namanani (US)? Hhayi impela.
Between
120 BC kanye 146 BC amaRoma akha i-Egnatia (ebizwa ngokuthi:
iqanda-nah-tee-a, elinegama elithi -tee-). I-Egnatia yayiwumgwaqo ngokuyisisekelo
waxhuma iRoma neConstantinople (Istanbul), ingxenye yayo encane, e-Adriatic
ulwandle, lwawelwa ngesikebhe. echwebeni lase-Albania i-Durres futhi ukusuka lapho bafinyelela
Salonica futhi ekugcineni Constantinople, emhlabeni.
Emhlabeni
Ngo-1970 i-junta yamaGreki esekelwe e-US yaqala umklamo we-New Egnatia, owathi
manje waqala kusukela Igoumanitsa, itheku lamaGreki eningizimu Durres, wafinyelela Salonica futhi
ukusuka lapho, ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi, kwalandela ukuqondanisa kwe-Egnatia yaseRoma. I
umklamo weNew Egnatia, onguthelawayeka wesimanje onezindlela eziningi, wabelwa uMcDonald
Ubunjiniyela, inkampani yobunjiniyela yaseMelika. Eqinisweni, umklamo wenziwa ngesiGreki
onjiniyela, njengosonkontileka abancane, ngaphansi kokulawulwa yifemu yase-US. Ezimbalwa ezilandelayo
iminyaka i-New Egnatia izobe isilungile.
The
I-Egnatia entsha le eksisi yezokuthutha yaseNtshonalanga-East ibaluleke kakhulu ngokwayo. Nokho,
uma i-New Egnatia ixhunywe eksisi ekhona eNyakatho naseNingizimu, umgwaqo omkhulu
enqamula ngokulandelana iSlovenia, iCroatia, iSerbia, iMacedonia futhi ihlangana
I-Egnatia eduze kwase-Salonica, bese kuba uhlelo lokuthutha oluwumphumela
kubaluleke kakhulu (e-US) njengendlela yokufinyelela kuwoyela waseMpumalanga Ephakathi, kanye
mhlawumbe amafutha eCaspian. Okuwukuphela kwengxenye yesistimu eyayingekho kwakuyi-
eyodwa ngeSerbia. Akusenjalo.
The
ukuqedwa kohlelo lwe-Egnatia kungaba enye "yezinzuzo" lokho
inzuzo yase-US kusukela ekuzalweni kwezwe elisha leklayenti laseYugoslavia. Ngaphezu kwalokho,
kubonakala sengathi iSalonica, "ichweba elisenyakatho yeGreece (eli)
sibe yisikhungo sezohwebo namasiko samazwe angomakhelwane,"
emazwini kaGeorge Papandreou, uNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle waseGreece, kubonakala sengathi a
ingxenye ebalulekile ye-US (grand) ihlela "ukuqeda i-Balkan,"
ngaphandle kokugcinwa kwamafutha. Ngokwemvelo, amagugu amasiko we
debalkanized Balkans kungaba labo George W. Bush, Al Gore, Madeleine
Albright, njll.
The
isigaba sokuphetha se- Commentary ka-June 16, 1999 sathi: “Lapho i-US
unquma ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuba 'nokuthula' e-Kosovo-Yugoslavia, khona-ke lokhu kusho
ukuthi i-US isilungele ukuqalisa imijikelezo evamile yomsebenzi onzima
yalezi zindawo. Ubuholi bezempi be-PROXY kanye nabaphathi bezepolitiki be-PROXY
KUNGENZEKA ukuthi usukhethiwe yi-US. Ukubhujiswa ngokomzimba kwazo zombili izindawo
kusukela ekuqhunyisweni kwamabhomu kakade kuyadabukisa. Nokho, elicindezela ngokufanayo liyiqiniso
ukuthi lezi zibalo zizolahlekelwa isithunzi ngokushesha ngokungena emjikelezweni wase-US
umsebenzi.” (Kugcizelelwa.)
Is
U-Kostunica, noma u-Djindjic, noma uGeneral Pavkovic, njll "ummeleli okhethiwe"?
Lokho akubalulekile. Izinhlelo ezinhle zase-US kufanele zilandelwe, isikhathi. Noma kunjalo
U-Kostunica, "umshisekeli wezwe omaphakathi," umemezela ukuthi "I-United
Amazwe angenele kakhulu ezindabeni zethu zangaphakathi (zeSerbia)," noma
lokho. "Abantu baseYugoslavia (bafuna) ukuhlala esimweni 'okungesona
i-vassal," lokho akunancazelo. Futhi, isibonelo esifanelekile somlando siyeza
kusukela kokuhlangenwe nakho kwamaGreki; U-Andreas Papandreou, ubaba kaGeorge, ngenhla, uwine umqhudelwano
ukuzethemba kwamaGreki (kanye nokhetho lwango-1981) ngokusebenzisa amandla awo aqinile
anti-Americanism, ngenkathi inikeza lokho okufunwa yi-US (izisekelo zempi, njll).
Nokho, uma uKostunica engumuntu othembekile, usenkingeni. Ngeke ahlale
eside.
If
lokhu okungenhla kwakha isilinganiso sezindima ze-US kanye ne-Yugoslavia elite, yini
kwakuyindima yabantu baseYugoslavia (ikakhulukazi yaseSerbia) futhi iyini
kuzoba kusukela manje kuqhubeke? BabenoMilosevic kanye nokuqhuma kwamabhomu e-US; banele.
Bafinyelela iphuzu elithi 'inat', isimo sengqondo "esithinta
ukuthukuthela, ngisho nokumelana nokuzilimaza', (ngokokuhumusha kwe
igama likaSteven Erlanger we-NY Times, IHT, Oct. 4, '00). (Qaphela; Igama elithi 'inat',
Igama lesiTurkey, 'liyifa' ezilimini zabantu baseBalkan by
ama-Ottomans, phakathi namakhulu eminyaka ehlala lezi zizwe. NgesiGreki
'inat' inencazelo efanayo naleyo engenhla.) Abantu baseSerbia babethukuthele futhi
wavukela.
Ini
okuzokwenzeka kusukela manje akunzima ukuqagela. Futhi, isiGreki
isibonelo, sezwe leklayenti lase-US, ukuqagela okuhle, noma ngabe kwenzekani
abantu baseSerbia bafuna. Futhi lokho abantu baseSerbia abakufunayo kucacile
kuvezwe isiqubulo esisenkinobho egqokwe osemusha waseSerbia: "ne dam popedu"
(Ngeke nginike muntu ukunqoba kwami).
A
umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu uwukuthi: Kungani ibutho laseSerbia namaphoyisa aseSerbia engazange
umlilo ngokumelene nababhikishi? Ngo-1973 ibutho laseGreece namaphoyisa aseGreece
wabulala abafundi abavukela umbuso kanye nezakhamuzi. Ungaba yini umehluko? I
abantu (emhlabeni jikelele) abakhetha amasosha noma amaphoyisa njengomsebenzi,
empeleni, bangabantu "abavumelana nezimo" kakhulu futhi abanosomathuba
unembeza. (Faka ngolimi olunemibala eminingi, izingulube izingulube yonke indawo
emhlabeni.) Nokho, kunomehluko phakathi kwamaSerbia namaGreki.
AmaGreki asevele amtholile umxhasi wawo; i-US (okubonakala kungapheli
umbuso). Ngakho-ke, bangakwazi ukudubula futhi babulale, uma lokho kuyisithakazelo
umxhasi, njengoba kwakunjalo ngabafundi baseGreece ngo-November 17, 1973
Ama-Serbian asezinhlelweni zokuthola umusa womxhasi wase-US, benze njalo
bangadubuli, ngoba babazi ukuthi lokho kuthakazelisa abaqonyiwe
umxhasi. (Qaphela: Umbono wami ukuthi i-US isivele isingenile ngesi-Serbian
amabutho ezokuphepha.)
Enye
isici esibalulekile ekuzalweni kweYugoslavia US client state indima
inkolo, okuyiSonto Lobu-Orthodox LamaKristu LaseSerbia kanye nezibalulekile
isisindo sezepolitiki saleli Bandla. Kubonakala sengathi kunesidingo esiphuthumayo sokwenza kanjalo
cwaninga indima kanye nabaxhasi bamaSonto Obu-Orthodox YamaKristu e
I-Balkans, iqala ngesiGreki.
Ekugcineni,
izingxenye ezimbili zolwazi ezingase zibonakale zibalulekile esikhathini esizayo:
-
Ngomhla ziyisi-7 kuMfumfu, ezinsukwini ezimbili ngemva kokuvukela umbuso eSerbia, umYugoslavia ogama lakhe linguHama
kaVladimir Bokan, wabulawa e-Athens ngezinhlamvu ezingu-29. Ukubulala kwathatha
beka ngemuva kwamahora amabili nesigamu uBokan egxeke esidlangalaleni umbuso kaMilosevic
esiteshini se-TV yamaGreki.l. U-Bokan, i-multimillionaire eneminyaka engu-40, ngokusho kwesiGreki
press kwaba umngane oseduze Yugoslavian pathological killer Arcan kanye
umphathi wempahla enkulu kaMarko, indodana kaMilosevic.
-
Nakulokhu ngokombiko wamaGreki, uCarla del Ponte (isipelingi?), umshushisi
weNkantolo Yobulungisa eHague, wavakashela e-Athens ngasese phakathi nesonto lika-October
23 -29, 00, futhi wacela usizo lweNkantolo Ephakeme yaseGreece emizamweni yakhe yoku
thola imali uMilosevic ayifice eGreece naseCyprus.
ekugcineni,
umuntu angasho ukuthi uMilosevic wayekholelwa enanini eliphakeme kunawo wonke aseNtshonalanga
Isikhulu Esiphezulu Senkampani: inzuzo, okungukuthi inzuzo yomuntu siqu.