Ngo-1776 amakoloni aseMelika alwela inkululeko ngokumelene nombuso onamandla, isenzo sokuzibusa sisasigubha ngolwesine kuJulayi. Kodwa futhi sisebenzisa Okwesine ukuze sigcine inganekwane mayelana nendima yethu emhlabeni, okuthi, nakuba iyiqiniso ngo-1776, ingamanga ngokuphelele eminyakeni engama-226 kamuva.
Ngo-2002, siwumbuso.
Uma usuku lwesine lukaJulayi luzoqhubeka luba nanoma iyiphi incazelo, kufanele siluguqule lube umgubho wamagugu akhona emhlabeni wonke ngempela, ngokuwenza ukugubha ilungelo lokuzibusa labo bonke abantu kunokuba kube esinye isenzakalo sokusebenzisa inganekwane. lokho kufihla indima yethu yangempela emhlabeni namuhla.
Ukwenza kanjalo kudinga ukuthi sivumelane neqiniso eliyisisekelo - kusukela ngesikhathi i-United States iqongelele amandla anele okwenza lokho, yaqala ukukhawulela ukuzimisela kwabanye.
Izindlela zabakhi benqubomgomo base-US ziye zavela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa umqondo oyisisekelo usafana: I-United States ifuna ilungelo elikhethekile lokwamukela izinsiza zomhlaba wonke ngebutho lezempi noma ngempoqo yezomnotho ukuze idle isabelo sayo esiphindwe kahlanu ngomuntu ngamunye. lezo zinsiza, indiva umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe endleleni.
Kuyiqiniso elidabukisayo, kanye nombono omuhle, ukuthi izakhamizi zase-US zinesibopho sokulwa nazo nganoma yisiphi isine kuJulayi, futhi ikakhulukazi manje njengoba uhulumeni wethu eqhubeka nokwelula amandla kanye nokubusa kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi impi yobuphekula.
Impi yaseSpain-American ka-1898 ivame ukuthathwa njengomcimbi obalulekile kuphrojekthi yombuso waseMelika. Nakuba abanye abantu baseMelika beqaphela ukuthi sabusa iPhilippines isikhathi esithile, bambalwa abaqaphelayo ukuthi salwa impi enesihluku nabantu basePhilippines, ababekholelwa ukuthi ukukhululwa kwabo eSpain kwakufanele kusho inkululeko yangempela, kuhlanganise nokuzimela ngaphansi kombuso waseMelika. Okungenani abantu basePhilippines abangu-200,000 babulawa amasosha aseMelika, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi bafinyelela esigidini esisodwa ngesikhathi sokunqoba.
Ekhulwini leminyaka elalandela, i-United States yasebenzisa imithetho efanayo emizamweni yokuzibusa eLatin America, ixhaphaza njalo ezombangazwe, iceba ukuketula umbuso, noma amazwe ahlaselayo njengeCuba, iDominican Republic, iNicaragua, iMexico neHaiti. Ukuzinqumela kwakukuhle, inqobo nje uma imiphumela yayihambisana nezithakazelo zebhizinisi lase-U.S. Uma kungenjalo, shayela Amasosha Asolwandle.
Ukungqubuzana okuningi kwephrojekthi yaseMelika, yiqiniso, akukho mfihlo. Ngisho neningi lezingane zesikole liyazi ukuthi indoda eyabhala iSimemezelo Sokuzimela futhi yamemezela ukuthi “bonke abantu badalwe balingana” nayo yayinezigqila, futhi akunakwenzeka ukugwema ukuthi isizinda somhlaba sase-United States satholwa ngesikhathi cishe ukuqothulwa ngokuphelele kwabantu bomdabu. Siyazi ukuthi abesifazane abazange bazuze ilungelo lokuvota kwaze kwaba ngu-1920, futhi lokho kulingana okusemthethweni kwezombusazwe kwabamnyama kwatholakala kuphela ekuphileni kwethu.
Yize abantu baseMelika abaningi benenkinga yokwamukela lowo mlando omubi, iningi lingakuvuma - inqobo nje uma izikhala phakathi kwemibono eshiwo kanye nezinqubo zangempela zibonwa njengomlando, izinkinga esizinqobile.
Ngokunjalo, abanye bazothi uhlobo lobudlova obunyantisayo bombuso nalo luphephile esikhathini esedlule. Ngeshwa, lona akuwona umlando wasendulo; futhi kuyindaba yenkathi yangemva kweMpi Yezwe II - ukuketulwa umbuso okuxhaswe yi-US eGuatemala nase-Iran ngeminyaka yawo-1950, ukubukela phansi izivumelwano zaseGeneva ngasekupheleni kwawo-1950 kanye nokuhlasela kweNingizimu Vietnam ngeminyaka yawo-1960 ukuvimbela uhulumeni ozimele wezenhlalakahle, ukwesekwa kwebutho lamaphekula iContra ngeminyaka yawo-1980 kwaze kwaba yilapho abantu baseNicaragua ekugcineni bevota ngendlela i-United States eyayithanda ngayo.
KULUNGILE, abanye bazovuma, ngisho nomlando wethu wakamuva awumuhle kangako. Kodwa ngokuqinisekile ngawo-1990, ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union, sashintsha inkambo. Kodwa futhi, izindlela ziyashintsha futhi umdlalo uhlala ufana.
Cabanga ngendaba yakamuva yaseVenezuela, lapho kusobala khona ukubandakanyeka kwe-United States emzamweni wokuketula umbuso. I-National Endowment for Democracy - inhlangano ezimele engenzi nzuzo yoMnyango Wezwe esevele ithinteka ekusetshenzisweni kwemali ukuze kuncishiswe ukhetho (eChile ngo-1988, eNicaragua ngo-1989, naseYugoslavia ngo-2000) - yanikeza ama-dollar angu-877,000 ngonyaka odlule ukuze abantu ababephikisana nabo. ku-Hugo Chavez, izinqubomgomo zakhe zobuntu ezimenze wasekelwa kabanzi phakathi kwabampofu bezwe kanye nentukuthelo yase-United States. Imali engaphezu kuka-$150,000 yaleyo iye kuCarlos Ortega, umholi weConfederation of Venezuelan Workers ekhohlakele, osebenze eduze nomholi wokuketula umbuso uPedro Carmona Estanga.
Izikhulu zokuphatha zikaBush zihlangane nojenene nosomabhizinisi baseVenezuela ababengeneme eWashington emasontweni andulela ukuketulwa umbuso kukaBush, kanti uMsizi kaNobhala kaBush wezindaba zaseNtshonalanga yeNkabazwe, u-Otto Reich, kubikwa ukuthi ubexhumana nenhloko yombutho wezempi. usuku lokuketulwa umbuso. Lapho abantu baseVenezuela bengena emigwaqweni bevikela umongameli wabo othandwayo futhi uChavez ebuyiselwa emandleni, izikhulu zaseMelika zavuma ngokukhulu ukudabuka ukuthi ukhethwe ngokukhululeka (ngamaphesenti angama-62 wamavoti), nakuba omunye watshela intatheli ukuthi “ukuba semthethweni kuyinto enikezwayo. hhayi nje ngeningi labavoti.”
Ngale kokungenelela kwezempi nezamanxusa, kukhona ukuphoqwa kwezomnotho. Phakathi kwezinto ezibonakale kakhulu kule minyaka engamashumi amabili edlule kube ukusetshenziswa kweBhange Lomhlaba kanye ne-International Monetary Fund ukuze kuvalwe amazwe e-Global South “ogibeni lwezikweletu,” lapho izwe lingakwazi ukukhokhela inzalo.
Bese kuba nezinhlelo zokulungiswa kwesakhiwo - ukunciphisa amaholo kahulumeni kanye nezindleko zezinsizakalo ezifana nokunakekelwa kwezempilo, ukubeka izimali zabasebenzisi bezemfundo, kanye nokuqondisa kabusha imboni ekukhiqizeni ukuze kuthunyelwe ngaphandle. Lezi zinhlelo zinikeza amabhange e-First World amandla amakhulu phezu kwezinqubomgomo zamazwe kunohulumeni abakhethiwe.
Izivumelwano “zohwebo lwamahhala” zinomphumela ofanayo, zisebenzisa usongo lokuxoshwa ohlelweni lwezomnotho lomhlaba ukuze ziphoqelele abanye ohulumeni ukuba bayeke ukuhlinzeka ngemithi eshibhile kubantu babo, balinganisele ukulawula kwabo izinkampani, futhi bayeke amalungelo abantu ayisisekelo ukuthi bayeke ukuhlinzeka ngemithi eshibhile. nquma inqubomgomo. Isinqumo sakamuva se-G8 sokusebenzisa usizo ukuphoqa amazwe ase-Afrika ukuthi athengisele amanzi angasese siwukucasula kwakamuva nje.
Ngakho-ke, ngalolu suku Lwesine kuJulayi, sikholelwa ukuthi ukukhuluma ngokuzibusa akukaze kubaluleke kakhulu. Kodwa uma lo mbono uqonde noma yini, kumelwe usho ukuthi abantu bakwamanye amazwe bakhululekile ngempela ukuzilolonga ikusasa labo.
Futhi ngomunye umqondo, kuyisikhumbuzo sokuthi izakhamizi zase-U.S. zinamalungelo okuzinqumela ngokwazo. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi uhulumeni wethu uphendula kakhulu ezidingweni zengcebo namandla agxilile; kungase kubonakale sengathi iWashington ibiza isibhamu, kodwa umdlalo uqondiswe ku-Wall Street.
Kodwa futhi kuyiqiniso ukuthi abantu abavamile banenkululeko engenakuqhathaniswa yezombangazwe nezwakalisayo kuleli zwe. Futhi njengoba leso siMemezelo esisigubhayo sisikhumbuza, “noma ikuphi lapho noma yiluphi uhlobo lukahulumeni lubhubhisa lezi zinjongo, kuyiLungelo Labantu ukuthi basiguqule noma basiqede.”
Uma singacabangi kabusha Okwesine - uma kuqhubeka nokuba usuku lokugomela okungalawuleki kwe-American ehlukile - nakanjani ngeke kube into engaphezu kwamandla abhubhisayo akhuthaza ukusekelwa okungaboni ngempi, ukungalingani komhlaba wonke, kanye nepolitiki yamandla yamazwe ngamazwe.
Robert Jensen, an associate professor of journalism at the University of Texas at Austin, is the author of Writing Dissent: Taking Radical Ideas from the Margins to the Mainstream. He can be reached at rjensen@uts.cc.utexas.edu. Rahul Mahajan, Green Party candidate for governor of Texas, is the author of “The New Crusade: America’s War on Terrorism.” He can be reached at rahul@tao.ca. Other articles are available at http://uts.cc.utexas.edu/~rjensen/home.htm and http://www.rahulmahajan.com.
