I-Republican Party ayiqisi ngokwanele. Zisho kanjalo izelamani zakwaKoch, ezisabisa ngokubamba imali engu-$400 million abathembise ukuyijova emjikelezweni wokhetho luka-2018.
Amalungu e-US Congress athole imiyalo yawo yokumasha: Susa uMthetho Wokunakekelwa Okuthengekayo (ngamanye amazwi, buyisela i-“Obamacare” ngokuthi “Trumpcare”) kanye nosozigidigidi abadla izambane likapondo ngokuncishiswa kwentela okukhulu. “Indawo yokuhlehla yabanikelayo” yangoJuni enkompolo yabazalwane baseKoch eColorado yayihanjelwe abantu abangu-400, futhi “inani lokwamukelwa kwabaningi laliyisithembiso sokunikeza okungenani u-$100,000 kulo nyaka kunqubomgomo ebanzi yakwaKochs kanye nenethiwekhi yezombangazwe,” The Guardian kubika.
Izelamani zakwaKoch zibhalwe ukuthi zenza imali efinyelela ezigidini ezingama-400 okhethweni oluzayo lwamaphakathi nonyaka, kodwa ubuningi obunjalo abunazintambo. The Guardian ucaphune inhloko yophiko lwezepolitiki lwezelamani zakwa-Koch, i-Americans for Prosperity, u-Tim Phillips, ecasulwe ukubambezeleka komthetho oweqisayo ofika kuCongress. "Kukhona ukuphuthuma," kusho uPhillips. "Sikholelwa ukuthi sinewindi lezinyanga ezingaba ngu-12 ukuze kufezwe okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba kumiswe umgomo wokhetho luka-2018."
Njengesibonelo salokho okulindeleke ukuba kwenziwe, omunye umnikeli ocebile utshele umbuthano ukuthi “i-Dallas piggy bank” yakhe ivaliwe okwamanje. "Yenza i-Obamacare isuswe futhi ishintshwe, thola ukuguqulwa kwentela kuphasiswe. Yenze futhi sizoyivula ibuye ibuye,” usho kanje The Guardian, wengeza ngokuthi usekhuthaze abanye abaxhasi abacebile ukuthi ngokufanayo bagodle imali baze bathole lokho abakulindele.
Akukho okusha lapha, ngaphandle nje kokuthi kujwayelekile ukuthi kuvulwe noma yiliphi iwindi ekusebenzeni okuyimfihlo kwamanethiwekhi ka-Charles no-David Koch. Ukusebenzisa kwabo imali enkulu ukuthenga iCongress kanye nezishayamthetho zombuso (babeke isabelomali sezigidi ezingu-900 zamaRandi okhethweni lwango-2016), uxhaso lwabo olusabalele lokuphika ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke, ukuzimisela kwabo ukucekela phansi imvelo ngokuphishekela inzuzo engapheli, nokugxila kwabo ngokungaphezi ekuhwebeni kwempahla yomphakathi kuyimfihlo. owaziwayo. Impahla yabo yaseMelika yeProsperity nayo yayikhona umxhasi obalulekile ngomnyakazo we-Tea Party oxhaswe yinkampani. Mhlawumbe okuncane okwaziwayo ukuthi babhanga umzamo wokubhala kabusha uMthethosisekelo wase-US.
Ukuchibiyela uMthethosisekelo ukuze uvumelane nawo
Kunemibono emibili eyehlukene mayelana nengqungquthela yomthethosisekelo. Phakathi ku Ngaphandle umbiko, u-Alex Kotch uyabhala:
“Omunye angazama ukwenza umhlangano wokuchibiyela isabelomali esilinganiselwe kuphela, kanti omunye uzama ukuvikela umhlangano ovulekile ngenhloso yokukhawulela amandla namandla kahulumeni wobumbano. Kodwa uma umhlangano usuqalile, konke ukubheja kuyavalwa. Umhlangano ungabhala eyawo imithetho, okuholela esivumelwaneni esivulekile noma 'esibalekayo' esingenza izinguquko ezinkulu kumthethosisekelo futhi, abanye baphikisa, siguqule nenani lezifundazwe ezidingekayo ukuze kugunyazwe lezo zinguquko."
Ngaphansi komthetho wase-US, uma izishayamthetho zezifundazwe ezingama-34 (izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zezifundazwe) zibiza umhlangano womthethosisekelo, iCongress iyadingeka ukuthi iyibize. Isinqumo sesabelomali esilinganiselwe siphasiswe yizifundazwe ezingama-29, Ngaphandle imibiko. Uma isithangami sesibiziwe, singabhala iziphakamiso zayo, okuhlanganisa nokushintshwa kwenani lezifundazwe ezidingekayo ukuze kuphasiswe ukuchitshiyelwa komthethosisekelo ukuze kube lula ukuthi izinhlu zezifiso zezinkampani ezeqisayo ziguqulwe zibe umthetho waphakade. Kodwa noma ngabe ukuchitshiyelwa kwesabelomali esilinganayo bekungaba yingxenye yoMthethosisekelo wase-US, ukuchitshiyelwa okunjalo bekungafaka ukuqina okuqinile ngokusebenza okuncane noma okungekho nhlobo.
Isikhungo Sesabelomali kanye Nokubalulekile Kwenqubomgomo ikubeka kucace lokhu:
“Ngokudinga isabelomali esilinganayo minyaka yonke, kungakhathaleki ukuthi isimo somnotho sinjani, lesi sichibiyelo singavusa ubungozi obukhulu bokufaka umnotho obuthakathaka ekuwohlokeni komnotho nokwenza ukwehla komnotho kube isikhathi eside futhi kujule, okudale ukulahleka kwemisebenzi okukhulu kakhulu. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi lesi sichibiyelo sizophoqa abenzi benqubomgomo ukuthi banciphise ukusetshenziswa kwemali, bakhuphule izintela, noma kokubili lapho umnotho untekenteke noma usuvele untenga. … [T]ukuchitshiyelwa kwakhe kuzophoqa abenzi benqubomgomo ukuthi banciphise ukusetshenziswa, bakhuphule izintela, noma kokubili. Lokho kungadala inqwaba yenqubomgomo embi yezomnotho neyezimali: umnotho obuthakathaka ungaholela ekushoda okuphezulu, okungaphoqa abakhi bezinqubomgomo ukuthi banciphise ukusetshenziswa kwemali noma banyuse izintela ngaphezulu, okungase kwenze umnotho ube buthaka kakhulu.
Uhlaziyo oluningiliziwe ngabacebisi be-Macroeconomic Advisers lulinganisela ukuthi, ukube bekukhona isichibiyelo sesabelomali esilinganiselwe ngesikhathi sokuwohloka komnotho ka-2008, bekungaba nokunye okwengeziwe. Bangu-11 million abantu abangasebenzi ngo-2012 futhi isamba somkhiqizo wasekhaya besizokwehla ngamaphesenti ayi-12 ngalowo nyaka. Ngenxa yokwehla kwemali yentela lokhu obekungadala, enye imali eyizigidigidi ezingama-500 zamaRandi ibiyokwengezwa esileleni salowo nyaka, futhi kuhambisana nokwehliswa kwemali obekungagunyazwa ukuchitshiyelwa okunjalo, ukusetshenziswa kokuzikhethela kukahulumeni wase-US bekuzokwehliswa kube ngu-zero. . Njengoba empeleni lutho.
Abafowethu bakwa-Koch kanye nezinhlangano zabo zezigidigidi bazobe benza kahle, nokho, futhi yilokho kuphela okubalulekile. Iwebhu yezinhlangano ezixhaswe yi-Koch ukuxhasa ngezimali nokuphromotha lezi ziphusha umhlangano womthethosisekelo.
Umoya ohlanzekile namanzi? Ubani ozidingayo?
I-Koch Industries ingenye ye abangcolisi bezwe ababi kakhulu womoya namanzi kanye nomthombo omkhulu wamagesi abamba ukushisa. Ngakho-ke akumangazi ukuthi uCharles noDavid Koch, abaphethe inkampani, nabo bangabaxhasi abakhuthele bokuphika ukufudumala komhlaba, futhi laba bobabili bazuza kakhulu ekuzuzeni itiyela e-Alberta. Bangabanikazi bamahektha acela ezigidini ezimbili okuthi, uma lowo mhlaba uxhashazwa ngokugcwele, ungaphonsa omunye 19 billion metric tones ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni emkhathini. I-International Forum on Globalization ilinganisela ukuthi abazalwane bakwa-Koch kumele benze okungaphezu kwalokho izikhathi eziyisigidi ngaphezulu kunesilinganiso somsebenzi wamapayipi we-Keystone XL phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwepayipi, ngokusekelwe enzuzweni engaba khona yezigidigidi eziyi-100.
Abazalwane bakwaKoch bangabaxhasi abakhulu koweqisayo I-American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) ebhala umthetho ukuze kuzuze ubulungu bayo bebhizinisi obuvamise ukuphasiswa izishayamthetho zezifundazwe nezwi nezwi; futhi wazama ngisho nokuthatha ukulawula i-Cato Institute, "i-think tank" ye-libertarian ekude kwesokudla, okuthi, naphezu kokuyaluza ngenxa yokuphela Kwezokuphepha Komphakathi, ngokusobala ayizange ibe ngokwedlulele ngokwanele kubo.
Engagculisekile ngokulawula iCongress kanye nezishayamthetho zezwe, uDavid Koch unikele ngama- $300,000 kumabhidi ePhini likaMongameli waseMelika uMike Pence, futhi uPence uye wasebenza ngokuzikhandla. waphika ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke. I-2014 I-Politico kubikiwe isihloko:
“Idlanzana labasebenzi bakaPence baphambilini kusukela ezinsukwini zakhe kuCongress babambe iqhaza elikhulu emkhakheni wezinkampani nezepolitiki zabazalwane. Futhi i-Americans for Prosperity, iqembu lezepolitiki eliphakeme lama-Kochs, belibambe iqhaza likaPence e-Indiana njengophawu lwe-ajenda yezinguquko elandelanayo abazama ukuyenza ezweni lonke. … UPence usebenzele ukugqamisa izindaba zezimali eziphilisa ukupha kwabakwa-Kochs kwezombusazwe. Abantu abasondelene nabazalwane bathi waqala ukuthakaselwa yinethiwekhi yabo ngeminyaka kaGeorge W. Bush, lapho ephikisana nemigomo kaHulumeni Omkhulu esekelwa iqembu lakhe, okuhlanganisa i-No Child Left Behind kanye nokunwetshwa kwe-Medicare, futhi waxwayisa kaningi ukuthi I-GOP yayiphuma endleleni. "
Njengoba ngike ngaphawula ngaphambili, lesi isililo sokuthi abaphathi bakaBush II/Cheney babekhululekile kakhulu!
National Parks in the cross hair
Ubutha obukhulu bezelamani zakwa-Koch kunoma yini esesidlangalaleni - okungukuthi, noma yini engasetshenziselwa ukuphangwa kwezinkampani - selufinyelele ezingeni lokuthi baphikisane neziqiwi. Ngeshwa, lokhu akulona ihlaya. Impahla ehambisana nezelamani yakwa-Koch ezibiza ngeProperty and Environment Research Centre igqugquzela ukuthi idayiswe. UReed Watson, umqondisi omkhulu walesi sikhungo, uphikisa ngokuthi “izinhlangano zokuphatha umhlaba [kufanele] benze inzuzo” ngokususa imikhawulo ekuthuthukisweni kwamapulangwe namandla.
Ukudambisa lokhu kushisekela ngokweqile, isikhungo sidinga ukuthi kuthengiswe ezinye izindawo zombuso kunokuba sikhulume ngokukhululekile ukuthengisa amapaki kazwelonke - umbono ongathandwa kakhulu kuwo wonke umkhakha wezepolitiki - kodwa yilapho umqondo wokushiseka kwawo ukhomba khona. Ephepheni isikhungo esikhiqize, “Kanjani Futhi Kungani Kufanele Wenze Kwangasese Umhlaba Womphakathi,” iqembu likwenza kucace izinhloso:
“Zine izindlela okufanele ziqondise imizamo yokulungisa izinguquko: umhlaba kufanele wabelwe ukusetshenziswa okunenani eliphakeme kakhulu; izindleko zokuthengiselana kufanele zigcinwe zincane; kufanele kube nokuhlanganyela okubanzi enqubweni yokukhishwa kwempahla; kanye namalungelo 'ama-squatter' kufanele avikelwe. Ngeshwa, iziphakamiso zokubuyiselwa komhlaba ezisetafuleni namuhla ziyehluleka ukuhlangabezana nezinye noma zonke lezo zimiso. Ngakho-ke, sinikeza ipulani yokuthengisa zonke izindawo zomphakathi phakathi neminyaka engu-20 kuya kwengu-40.”
Qaphela ukuthi ithi "bonke" ngaphandle kweziqu. Izinsimbi zokugaya uwoyela nokusebenza kwe-fracking esikhundleni sendawo yemvelo ukuze wonke umuntu azijabulele ngoba kuzoba nenzuzo enkulu esikhathini esifushane. Lo mcabango usufinyelele ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu likahulumeni njengoba kuboniswa yizinhloso zokuphatha kukaTrump zokuvula imihlaba izimayini namafutha ngamanani okuthengisa umlilo ngaphandle kokubheka, noma ukuwathengisa.
Hhayi sengathi izelamani zakwaKoch azazi ukuthi isigidigidi sazo esilandelayo siqhamukaphi. Zihlangene, zombili zihlangene kubiza cishe u- $ 97 billion. Ngamunye ungomunye wabantu abayisishiyagalolunye abacebe kakhulu eMhlabeni, futhi bobabili banengcebo engaphezu komuntu ocebe kakhulu emhlabeni, uBill Gates. Babebiza amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-32 ngo-2009 - cishe baphinda kathathu ingcebo yabo kusukela ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphatha kuka-Obama.
Konke lokhu kungumkhiqizo we-libertarianism, aa ifilosofi yamandla yenza kahle. Inkolelo yenkululeko ephelele yezohwebo, yokubamba iqhaza okuncane kukahulumeni emnothweni noma ezindabeni zomphakathi, akuyona into engaphansi kokuvumela “imakethe” ukuthi inqume imiphumela yezomnotho nezenhlalo. Umphumela ophusile walokhu awusewona umholo omncane, awusekho ukuvikeleka komphakathi, ayisekho imithetho emelene nokubandlululwa emsebenzini, ayisekho imithetho yokuphepha, ayisekho imithetho yokuvikela abathengi, ayisekho nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Lokhu ngempela lokho ama-libetarians akushumayelayo, kuhlanganise nabazalwane bakwaKoch noRon Paul.
Ikabani le “nkululeko” yomuntu ngamunye? “Kuyinkululeko” kosozimboni nosozimali ukuthi babuse, balawule futhi baxhaphaze abanye. “Ubulungisa” buba yikhono elingenamingcele lokujabulela le nkululeko, ubulungisa obubonakaliswa ezakhiweni zomthetho. Abantu abasebenzayo “bakhululekile” ukuncintisana emjahweni oya phansi omiswe ngonxiwankulu.
Ezindaweni zokudlala ngisho, unya lwezinhlelo ezivezwa abazalwane bakwa-Koch kanye nozakwabo bezigidigidi be-libertarian ngeke baphumelele uvivinyo lokuhleka. Kodwa uma unamakhulu ezigidi zamaRandi ongawajikijela njalo ngemva kweminyaka emibili, kanye noxhaxha lwezinhlangano “kanye namathangi acabangayo” ukuze kuthuthukiswe i-ajenda yakho yokuzicabangela, unamandla okwenza imibono eyichilo kakhulu “ivamile.” Kukusiphi isisekelo okufanele ubudlelwano bamandla obuhlangothi olulodwa buthathwe njengentando yeningi?