Ufuna amagama nezisusa zabashintshi bezikole zomphakathi? Funda I-Chronicle of Echoes: Who's Who in the Implosion of American Education ka-Mercedes K. Schneider (Information Age Publishing, Inc., 2014).
Umbhali unesikhumba kulo mdlalo. Unguthisha wesikole sikahulumeni ngokumelene nokunqotshwa kwebhizinisi kwemfundo yomphakathi esekelwe emphakathini. USchneider uvula ngesahluko esikhuluma ngoJoel Klein, owayeyinhloko yoMnyango Wezemfundo waseNew York City, manje osehola uRupert Murdoch, ongumnikazi wemithombo yezindaba eyibhiliyoni. Esikhathini sokukhula kokungalingani kwemali engenayo, labo somabhizinisi kanye nabashintshi bezinguquko bayizinhlangothi ezimbili zohlamvu lwemali olufanayo, ngokusho kukaSchneider.
Ubufakazi bakhe balokhu kugomela buyaphoqa. Imiphumela iyamangalisa.
UKlein akasiye uthisha. Ewashini lakhe, izikole zomphakathi ze-Big Apple zaba yizisulu zezinguquko ezizuzisa izithakazelo ezizimele, okuwumkhuba osebenzisa umugqa obomvu kuyo yonke incwadi ka-Schneider yokushaya ikhwelo.
Ulandela isibonelo samazwi abashisekeli benguquko aphakeme kanye nezenzo eziqhutshwa yinzuzo ngokungazenzisi. Engaqeqeshiwe njengentatheli ephenyayo, u-Schneider ukhanyisa izibani ezikhanyayo esakhiweni esitholwayo sokukhohlisa nokuhlanekezela okuyinguquko yanamuhla yemfundo yomphakathi.
Okwenza abashisekeli benguquko baphumelele akuwona amaqiniso angokoqobo kodwa inqwaba yamagciwane avela ezithakazelweni ezicebile. U-Schneider ulandelela lawa madola athenga ithonya lezepolitiki, ngamakhasi angama-88 we-Endnotes.
Biza le mpi yekilasi. Futhi ngokusho komtshali wezigidigidi uWarren Buffet, ikilasi lakhe liyawina. Abaxhasa ngezimali lokhu kungqubuzana amaventure philanthropists uBill noMelinda Gates, u-Eli no-Edythe Broad, kanye neWalton Family foundation. Baxhasa ngezimali abenzi bomthetho be-Democratic and GOP, izikhungo zokucwaninga (i-Fordham Institute) kanye namaqembu amelelayo (UMkhandlu Kazwelonke Wekhwalithi Yothisha), uhlu oluyingxenye lwabamukeli.
Laba baxhasi abathathu bezigidigidi bayizintshisekelo ezinamandla. Emphakathini wonxiwankulu, banamadola okuthola abakufunayo futhi bafuna lokho abakutholayo.
E-NYC, u-Eva Moskowitz, ukhipha ukheshi kubaxhasi bezimali base-Wall Street nabakhokhi bentela ukuze andise i-franchise yakhe yesikole esiqashwe ngasese. Ukwenziwa kwezikole ezizimele kanye nokuxhasa umnotho ngokwezimali kuyahambisana, kuyilapho uMoskowitz, owayenguprofesa, efuna futhi ethola usizo lukahulumeni. U-Wendy Kopp wasungula i-Teach for America, i-ejensi yenkontileka ehlinzeka othisha ngamaviki amahlanu okuqeqeshwa ukuze bazibophezele ekilasini leminyaka emibili. NjengoMnu. Klein, u-Kopp akanalo ulwazi lokufundisa ekilasini, kodwa uthuthukisa uhlobo lwebhizinisi lakhe lezinguquko zesikole, kuyilapho eqoqa amashumi ezigidi emalini aluhlaza evela kubakhokhi bentela kanye ne-Walton Family Foundation, uphiko oluwusizo lwabanikazi be-Walmart Inc. ., umdondoshiya womhlaba wonke wabasebenzi abathembele osizweni lomphakathi ukuze baphile.
U-Schneider ukhohlisa isazi sezomnotho u-Erik Hanushek, osekela inqubomgomo yezinguquko yezinzuzo zezimali zothishanhloko nothisha ukuze bakhuphule amaphuzu abafundi ezivivinyweni zempumelelo. Ucabanga ukuthi ochwepheshe abanjalo bangabantu abazikhulisayo abakala izinsiza zabo ngesisekelo senzuzo yezindleko.
Ukuchaza โizindinganiso eziphakemeโ zabafundi nothisha kuphela ngesisekelo samaphuzu ezivivinyweni zokuphumelela kwabafundi iGrail Engcwele yabaguquli bezemfundo abanjengoMichelle Rhee, uSchneider owasika amadayisi ngeqhaza lakhe lokubukela phansi imfundo yomphakathi, okokuqala eWashington, DC. , bese kuba yizwe lonke njengenhloko ye-StudentsFirst, ithimba lokumela elincike kubaxhasi bezinkampani. Njengothisha wasekilasini obhala njalo ngezindaba zokuguqulwa kwezemfundo, intukuthelo kaSchneider yokuziphatha ngokumelene nezisusa eziqhutshwa yinzuzo yezinkampani ezizimele zokushintsha izikole zikahulumeni kuboniswe ezahlukweni zokwenzeka eChicago ngaphansi kukaPaul Vallas, u-Arne Duncan no-Rahm Emanuel. Laba abathathu abanazo izicucu zothisha nolwazi lwekilasi. Ngomkhuba ochemile kanye nethiyori yenguquko yezikole zikahulumeni, ukushoda okukabili kwabaguquleli baseChicago kuba yiziqu zokuphazamisa imiphakathi ngenduku yomlingo yokwenziwa kwangasese kwezemfundo ngezivivinyo ezisezingeni kanye nezikole eziqashiwe.
I-Vallas isiza ekwenzeni izikole zikahulumeni zibe zimbi kakhulu e-Philadelphia naseNew Orleans. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, uqoqa isinxephezelo esiphazamisa ingqondo.
UDavid Coleman, umakhi we-Common Core State Standards, akayena uthisha. Inkampani yakhe, i-Student Achievement Partners, yakha futhi yathuthukisa i-CCSS ngokubambisana neNational Governors Association kanye noMkhandlu Wezikhulu Zesikole Esiyinhloko, uSchneider uyabhala. Uchaza ngale ndlela ethandwayo yabashisekeli bezinguquko abangenaso isipiliyoni sokufundisa ekilasini, isisusa sabo senzuzo kanye nokungenelela kukahulumeni wobumbano. Endabeni ka-Coleman, ithi eyamukela i-CCSS ithola uxhaso oluvela ku-Race To The Top (umlandeli we-No Child Left Behind Act yezivivinyo ezisezingeni eliphezulu nezijeziso ezinzima).
I-CCSS ayilingwa, noma ayivivinywa. Othisha basekilasini ababandakanyeki ekuphusheleni i-CCSS, futhi โubufakaziโ bayo bokuthuthukisa ukufunda kwabafundi buyisimangaliso, ngokungafani namadola e-Gates Foundation asakazwa kuzo zombili izinhlangano zezombusazwe, izinhlangano zezengqondo kanye ne-American Federation of Teachers and National Education Association. Lokhu ukuthonya-ukuthengisa ngendlela yakudala: ukuyithenga. Imidiya evamile ye-lapdog ngaphandle kokunye iphuthelwe yile ndaba uSchneider ayilandisa kafushane. Esahlukweni sakhe sokugcina, wembula izinguquko zezemfundo ezivela kuMkhandlu Wokushintshana Kwezomthetho WaseMelika. I-ALEC iwubufakazi bendlela yokuphila yenkampani yaseMelika ngokusebenzisa abenzi bezomthetho abakhethiwe, okuphambene nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi โimakethe yamahhala.โ
Lapha, nginengxabano encane noSchneider. I-ALEC izichaza ngokuthi ilondoloza "ukugwema ukulawulwa kukahulumeni kwemisebenzi yezinkampani ukuze lokho okuyimali yomphakathi kube inzuzo yebhizinisi," uyabhala.
Ipolitiki ebizwa ngokuthi i-conservative ibumba umthetho kahulumeni ukuze kuthuthukiswe umgomo. Odabeni lwe-ALEC, ukungagunyazwa kwenqubomgomo yayo ye-CCSS kwaphela lapho u-Rupert Murdoch ema ukuze enze inzuzo ngezimfuneko zezindinganiso zikazwelonke zokuhlola nokuqoqwa kwedatha. Landela imali. Buka ukuqoqwa kwezimali kubukela phansi imfundo yomphakathi. Lokhu akuyona isayensi ye-rocket, bakwethu. Laba ngabantu baseMelika abacebe kakhulu abanqoba uhlelo lwethu lwemfundo ukuze bafake amaphakethe abo. Sekukonke, u-Schneider ufinyelela umgomo wakhe wokwandisa ingxoxo kazwelonke ngabaguquli bezikole zomphakathi. Okwakhe ukulandisa okusekelwe eqinisweni okuphikisayo kwabantu baseMelika abacasukile ngokuhlaselwa kwezinkampani kwezemfundo yomphakathi.
USeth Sandronsky uyintatheli ye-Sacramento futhi uyilungu leyunithi yama-freelancers ye-Pacific Media Workers Guild. I-imeyili: [i-imeyili ivikelwe]