UJulio Lopez, uLuciano Arruga, uSilvia Suppo - amagama amathathu asanda kufakwa ohlwini lwabahlukunyezwa yizisulu zengcindezelo yase-Argentina, okuyifa elasala ebushiqela bezempi obachitha igazi lango-1976-1983. Lawa magama amathathu ashiye izikhumbuzo ezibuhlungu zepharadigm yokunyamalala kanye nendlela inhlamba yomphakathi yobugebengu obenziwa ngesikhathi sobushiqela bulilimaze kanjani i-Argentina nezinye izizwe ezasinda ekubuseni kobushiqela bezempi.
I-Argentina isanda kugubha iminyaka emine yokunyamalala kukaJulio Lopez, ukuze ifune ukuthi owasinda ekuhlukunyezweni kanye nesishoshovu samalungelo abantu atholakale ephila. Ngemva kweminyaka emine yokufuna, imashi, nokungajeziswa, ukukhalela ubulungisa nokujeziswa kubonakala kungatholi mpendulo kuhulumeni ongenandaba othi uvikela amalungelo abantu. Izishoshovu ziphinde zafuna imininingwane yokuthi ukuphi uLuciano Arruga, oneminyaka engu-16 ubudala owanyamalala ngenkani ngoJanuwari, 2009 kanye nophenyo ngokubulawa kuka-Silvia Suppo, isishoshovu samalungelo abantu nowasinda ekuhlukunyezweni ngo-2010 efakaza ecaleni eliyingqophamlando lamalungelo abantu.
Iminyaka emi-4 ngaphandle kukaJulio Lopez
UJulio Lopez ubizwe njengendoda wanyamalala kabili. Wagcina ukuduka eminyakeni emine edlule ngoSepthemba 18, 2006 endaweni yangakubo eLa Plata. Wanyamalala ngosuku okwagwetshwa ngalo umephulamthetho wakhe nowayeyisikhulu samaphoyisa uMiguel Etchecolatz udilikajele ngamacala okuhlukumeza abantu nokubulala abantu. U-Julio Lopez ubengekho enkantolo, ukuze azobona isigameko esiyingqopha-mlando ecaleni lokuthunjwa kwamahora adlule.
U-Lopez wayengufakazi obalulekile ecaleni lamalungelo abantu lika-2006 lapho u-Etchecolatz atholwa enecala lokuthumba, ukuhlukumeza kanye nokubulala izishoshovu ngesikhathi sombuso wobushiqela wezempi. U-Etchecolatz uhlanganise izikhathi zokuthumba nezokuhlukumeza kunethiwekhi yezikhungo zokuboshwa eziyimfihlo e-La Plata, amamayela angu-30 ukusuka e-Buenos Aires. Kwesinye salezi zikhungo zokuhlushwa, u-Lopez waqala ukuhlangana no-Etchecolatz ngesikhathi eboshiwe kusukela ngo-1976-1979.
UJulio Lopez yilapho kanye abacindezeli bemfuna khona, kwalasha wokungajeziswa amasosha aye ajabulela iminyaka engu-34 edlule. UJulio Lopez akakwazanga ukulalela isigwebo sabacindezeli bakhe. Wathunjwa ngosuku ngaphambi kokuba umenzi wobubi uMiguel Etchecolatz agwetshwe udilikajele kwathi uLopez waba ngomunye wanyamalala.
"Ukunyamalala okuphoqelekile kukaLopez kubizwa ngokuthi ukungajeziswa," kubhala inhlangano yamalungelo abantu i-HIJOS enkulumweni yabezindaba ngonyaka wesine wokunyamalala kuka-Lopez. Ukungajeziswa kokuhlukunyezwa kwamalungelo abantu kube yifa elimnyama lase-Argentina. Kusukela ngo-1999, lapho ukuqulwa kwamacala amalungelo abantu kuvalwa ngenxa yemithetho kashwele, inhlangano yamalungelo abantu i-HIJOS yaphuma yangena emigwaqweni nasezindaweni zalabo ababeyizikhulu zezempi ukuze yazise umphakathi ukuthi babehlala eduze komuntu ohlukumezayo. njengokuthumba, ukudlwengula, ukuhlukunyezwa kanye nokunyamalala ngenkani. Ngonyaka wesine wokunyamalala kuka-Lopez i-HIJOS ikhumbuze uhulumeni ngemiphumela yokuvumela amasosha ukuba aqhubeke nempilo yawo evamile iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi kulandela ukuphasiswa kukashwele ovikela amasosha ekushushisweni ngobugebengu. "Kungumphumela wezinsalela ezimbi ezivela embusweni wobushiqela owaqhubeka nentando yeningi, okwengezwe ekungaphenduleni kukahulumeni ngobumbi balokho okwenzekile."
Umphumela wokungajezisi
Manje ubulungisa sebungenzeka ezinkantolo zobugebengu, kulandela ukuqedwa kwemithetho kashwele ngo-2003 eyayivikela amalungu kahulumeni wezempi ekushushisweni ngokuhlukumeza amalungelo abantu. Amalungu amaningi ayeboshiwe akhululwa ngeminyaka yama-80’s lapho kuphasiswa umthetho kashwele. Lo shwele uvumele amalungu angaphambili ebutho elihlomile ukuthi agcine amandla futhi abambe izikhundla ezinamandla njengamajaji nabaphathi emafemini onogada azimele. U-Etchecolatz wayengomunye wabacindezeli abanjalo owaquliswa icala futhi wagwetshwa ngeminyaka yama-80s ngokuhlukumeza, ikakhulukazi ngamacala angama-91 okuhlukunyezwa, kodwa wabuye wadedelwa. Owake waba ngumphathi wamaphoyisa wakha itulo namaphoyisa endawo ukuze bakhe amaqembu alwela ilungelo lobuzwe. “Kwakubonakala kusengaphambili ukuthi abacindezeli babengeke bame lapho kufika isikhathi sabo sokuhlala ebhentshini lasegumbini lenkantolo futhi baphendule ezinkantolo nakubantu base-Argentina,” kusho iqembu i-HIJOS.
Ngokusho kwenhlangano elwela amalungelo abantu i-CELS, bangaphezu kuka-1,500 81 ababengamalungu ebutho lezokuvikela ababhekene namacala okuhlukumeza amalungelo abantu ngesikhathi sombuso wondlovukayiphikiswa. Nokho, bangu-XNUMX kuphela abantu asebethole izigwebo.
Ngaleso sikhathi, uphenyo ngokunyamalala kuka-Julio Lopez selufinyelele kwangqingetshe. Uhulumeni walinda izinyanga ezingu-19 ukuze acabangele uJulio Lopez njengecala lokunyamalala ngenkani. Iziphathimandla ziphinde zalibazisa uphenyo mayelana nokuxhumana nokubuya nokusuka ejele laseMarcos Paz, lapho abacindezeli abangaphezu kuka-40 okwamanje beboshiwe futhi bagcinwe ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa benenkululeko yokuxhumana.
"Kuyinhlanganisela yokungaphenduli, ukubamba iqhaza kanye nokufihla," kusho u-Adriana Calvo emashini kaJulio Lopez. Akekho oseke waphenywa njengoba evalelwe ophenyweni lwamaphoyisa ngokunyamalala kukaJulio Lopez.
Ukuphepha Kofakazi
"U-Lopez usikhumbuza ukuthi izinto ezicindezelayo azikaqedwa futhi amacala ayaqhubeka kodwa ofakazi nabasindile abafakaza basengozini," kusho u-Adriana Meyer, intatheli yephephandaba likazwelonke i-Página/12. Kodwa-ke, uhulumeni nabezindaba bayishiyile indaba yokuphepha kofakazi emphakathini.
Ukubulawa kwakamuva kukaSilvia Suppo, ufakazi obalulekile ecaleni lamalungelo abantu ngamacala enziwa ngesikhathi sombuso wobushiqela wase-Argentina, sekuqubule ukwesaba ngokuphepha kofakazi abafakaza obala kulawa macala. USuppo, owasinda ekuhlukunyezweni, wagwazwa washona ngoMashi 29 esitolo sakhe semisebenzi yezandla esifundazweni saseSanta Fe esigamekweni okusolakala ukuthi siyagebenga. Ngo-2009, uSuppo wethula ubufakazi ecaleni lamalungelo abantu elibhekene nowayeyijaji ngeqhaza lakhe ekuhlukumezeni ngesikhathi sombuso wobushiqela. Izinhlangano zamalungelo abantu zisola ukuthi uSuppo wabulawa ukuze athumele umyalezo kulabo abasazimisele ukufakaza njengoba kuqhubeka ukuqulwa kwamacala abantu.
Kwabasindile kunendlela yokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kofakazi, ukuze kuqhubeke ukuqulwa kwamacala kanye nabo bonke abacindezeli. “Uhlelo lokuvikela ofakazi luyinhlakanhlaka. OFakazi ecaleni lamalungelo abantu eLa Plata bathole izinsongo ezizimele.,” kusho uCarlos Zaidman, owasinda ekuhlukunyezweni. “Sikholelwa ukuthi ukuphela kwendlela yokuvikela ofakazi ukuthi bonke abacindezeli baboshwe. Lokhu kwenze ukuthi kubaluleke kabili ukufakaza. Abazange bawumise umzabalazo ngokunyamalala ama-compañeros angama-30,000 noma ngokunyamalala uLopez. "
Ukuthula kuwukungajezisi
Ukuze intando yeningi idlondlobale, ukungajeziswa kumele kuphele. Nakuba uhulumeni wase-Argentina uye wahola ekusekeleni imizamo yokuzama amasosha namaphoyisa ngokuhlukumeza amalungelo okwenziwa phakathi neminyaka eyi-junta, ubulungiswa buye buhamba kancane. Nodaba lukaJulio Lopez selungene kwalasha lokuthula kwabezindaba nomengameli.
Umndeni ka-Lopez uthumele incwadi kumengameli umcela ukuthi aqhube uphenyo ngokunyamalala kuka-Lopez ukuze indoda enyamalale ngaphandle komkhondo kabili empilweni yayo "ingabi ngowokuqala ukunyamalala kuntando yeningi."
Lesi sicelo sifike sekwephuze kakhulu njengoba i-Argentina inenani labantu abanyamalele futhi izinkulungwane zezisulu zemishini yengcindezelo yombuso zisasebenza ngobuhlakani. UJulio Lopez, uMiguel Bru kanye noLuciano Arruga bangabathathu kuphela kulaba abanyamalala kuntando yeningi. Ukuze intando yeningi igweme ukushabalala, incindezelo yombuso kufanele iqedwe.
U-Julio Lopez umethuli!
UMarie Trigona ungumbhali ozimele kanye nomdidiyeli womsakazo ozinze e-Argentina. Angafinyelelwa ngebhulogi yakhe www.mujereslibres.blogspot.com
Source: Umhlaba Obheke Phansi