Ngolunye usuku ngoNovemba 2005, amaMarines eHaditha anquma ukuziphindiselela ngokufa komngane wabo we-IED ngokubulala ngamabomu amadoda angama-24 abangenacala, abangahlomile, abesifazane nezingane. Bangena ezindlini zabo babadubula eduze. Abantu abadala bancenga futhi bencenga futhi bezama ukusindisa izingane zabo ngokuzivikela ngemizimba yazo, bethandaza kunkulunkulu ofanayo namasosha athandaza kuye.
Ngemva kwalokho, Amasosha Asolwandle aqamba amanga ukuze afihle izenzo zawo. Amadoda ayisishiyagalombili angenakuzisiza awabulala aba โamavukela-mbuso.โ Abanye abangu-15, ngempela โabayizakhamuziโ ngenxa yobudala noma ubulili, baqale bathi nabo babeyizisulu ze-IED efanayo; kamuva, amanye kwakufanele abe โumonakalo wesibambisoโ okuthiwa โukudubulanaโ โnabashokobezi.โ
Ngeshwa labo, umfundi wezobuntatheli uthwebule i-video yezidumbu emakhazeni aseHaditha, enezithombe ezikhombisa izisulu zidutshulwe emakhanda eduze kokubulawa kwabantu. Ngokusho kuka-Rep. John Murtha, ekhuluma ngesonto eledlule nabezindaba kanye ne-Hardball noChris Matthews, uphenyo lwamasosha ngalesi sigameko luzovumelana nezimangalo ezingenhla.
Nakuba uMurtha ayethanda kakhulu ukubeka izaba kuMasosha ngenxa yesimo esicindezelayo ababebekwe kuso kunokukhuluma ngesigameko sangempela, ibutho elidala lifanelwe udumo. Ngesikhathi uMatthews ezama ukuphenya lesi sigameko, uMurtha wamlungisa ngomoya ophansi wathi, cha, akukho ukulwa, akukho kuqhuma kwezibhamu, nokuqhuma - amasosha abulale abantu abangu-23 "ngegazi elibandayo." Lapho uMatthews embuza ukuthi ngabe lokhu kufana ne-My Lai, uMurtha washo ngokwethembeka ukuthi kunjalo.
Ngempela, ukufana nesibhicongo saseMy Lai eMpini YaseVietnam, lapho amasosha aseMelika abulala abantu abangaba ngu-500 baseVietnam, afaka amadoda, abesifazane, nezingane ukuze adutshulwe ngomshini, akunakugwenywa. Isilinganiso sincane futhi cishe abekho abesifazane abadlwenguliwe ngalesi sikhathi, kodwa ukulala nesilwane kwesibhicongo saseHaditha kuyalingana.
Manje akusona isikhathi sokukhala โngokusekelaโ kwethu โamasosha.โ Laba babulali abonakele bafanelwe ukunakekelwa okungcono kakhulu uma befika ekhaya - kodwa kufanele bakuthole ejele.
Nakuba kubantu abaningi baseMelika i-My Lai ngandlela thize isiphenduke igama labo bonke ubugebengu baseMelika eVietnam, iqiniso liwukuthi i-My Lai yayimane nje iyisihloko sentaba yeqhwa. Ukubulawa kwabantu ngezinga elincane kwakuvamile; kwezinye izindawo, ukubulawa ngokungakhethi kweVietnam kwakuyinqubo evamile yokusebenza.
UHaditha futhi uyisihloko sentaba yeqhwa. Izingxenye ezimbili zesigameko zisikisela ukuthi kungenzeka kube nabaningi abafana naso. Okokuqala, ukuzama ukuvala, ngezindaba mayelana nomlilo kanye nomonakalo wokubambisa. Ukube bekungengenxa yobufakazi bevidiyo obuphikisana nalokhu, mancane amathuba okuthi uphenyo lwezempi lube okuthile okungaphezu kwesitembu senjoloba.
Okwesibili, umzamo wokudlulisa amadoda ayisishiyagalombili njengamavukela-mbuso. Lokhu, vele, kuhlanganisa ingqondo yezempi yase-US ezindaweni ezimbi kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa kwesibili kwe-Fallujah, isibonelo, isimiso sokusebenza sasiwukuthi noma yimuphi "owesilisa oneminyaka yezempi" edolobheni wayengumuntu oshayayo futhi ngaleyo ndlela engase ahlaselwe. Tshala isibhamu endodeni oyibulele, noma, uma kunjalo, ifosholo, bese kuba โumhlubukiโ khona manjalo.
I-Haditha iphinde ixhumane ngokuphila nochungechunge lwezindlela ezahlukene zokubulala izakhamuzi - ukubulawa kwezindawo zokuhlola ngamasosha ajabule, ukubuyisela umlilo ngokungakhethi ezindaweni ezigcwele umphakathi, ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali zendawo njengamabhomu angama-2000 "kubasolwa abavukela umbuso," kanye nojenene " dubula kuqala ubuze imibuzo kamuvaโ inqubomgomo - evame ukufana, uma kungekona ukubulala ngamabomu, ukungabi nandaba okonakele ngempilo yase-Iraq. Bese wengeza kulezo zigameko ezifana nokuhlaselwa okubili kwe-2004 ku-Fallujah, lapho "umonakalo wesibambiso" wezakhamuzi usakazeke kakhulu ukuze ube isici kunokuba ube bug.
Umphakathi waseMelika ongenakubalwa futhi ongenazwelo awuzange ukwazi ukuqonda ubukhulu bobugebengu okwakuyiMpi YaseVietnam. Kuze kube namuhla, abantu balinganisela ukuthi mhlawumbe i-100,000 Vietnamese - 3 kuya ku-5% yenani langempela - babulawa. Ngenkathi kuqhubeka, ukuqhuma kwamabhomu okukhulu, ukucekelwa phansi kwesimiso sezinto eziphilayo nendawo yazo ezungezile, ukucekelwa phansi okuhleliwe kokuphila ezindaweni ezithile zasemaphandleni, akuzange kubhaliswe ngokugcwele neningi labantu baseMelika. Kwaba isibhicongo saseMy Lai kuphela esaletha ekhaya kubo ukuziphatha okubi okunonya kwempi. Nakuba uTet aphawula inguquko ngokuphathelene nokunqoba kwempi, kwaba yiMy Lai eyenza umphakathi wayiphikisa impi.
Isikhathi sesivuthiwe senguquko efanayo mayelana ne-Iraq. Kuze kube manje, unya lwezingxenye zokuvukela umbuso ngakolunye uhlangothi kanye nokuhlonishwa kwamasosha ngakolunye kwenze kwaba nzima ukuba kwenziwe noma yiliphi icala lokuziphatha elimelene nempi (kunzima ngokwengqondo noma ngokomzwelo ukuhlobanisa izenzo zokuziphatha okubi namaqhawe kanye namaqhawe. amakwaya, ake niyeke ama-choirboy amaqhawe ahlezi ethulwa kithi). Lokho kumele kushintshe manje, futhi isibhicongo saseHaditha sikhombisa indlela. IHaditha, empeleni, isi-Arabhu se-My Lai.
Izifundo Esizifundayo
Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule, isibhicongo sikaHaditha simbozwe ngokujulile yiNew York Times, iWashington Post, iLos Angeles Times, kanye nomagazini i-TIME, kanye nokuthola izindaba zenethiwekhi. Kuze kube manje, amaphepha endawo nawesifunda awazange alandele.
Uma kukhishwa imiphumela yophenyo lwamasosha, okuthiwa ngesonto elizayo, izinga lokusakazwa kwabezindaba kufanele lenyuke ngokuqhubekayo.
UJohn Murtha kanye noRiphabhulikhi uJohn Warner weSenate Armed Services Committee bathi kube nokufihlwa kwalesi sigameko esithinta ngokusobala izikhulu eziphezulu eMarines. Ngokusho kukaMurtha, โKuze kube uMashi, belungekho uphenyo olunzulu. Kube nophenyo ngemuva kwalokho, kodwa lwavinjwa.โ Ukube bekungengenxa yevidiyo yezidumbu zomfundi wentatheli wase-Iraq, ephendulwe iphephabhuku i-TIME kuziphathimandla zezempi, ngabe alukho uphenyo nhlobo. Ngaphandle kobunye ubufakazi bevidiyo, njengesithombe sikamakhalekhukhwini sasolwandle sabantu base-Iraqi beguqe ngaphambi kokuba badutshulwe, isiphetho sokuqala sabaphenyi, ukuthi lesi sigameko besiyisibonelo nje โsomonakalo owenzelwa isibambiso,โ cishe besizoqhubeka.
Imithombo yezindaba yase-US isize ngempumelelo ukugcina indaba ifihliwe. Yize i-TIME, i-Independent, kanye neminye imithombo yezindaba yakwamanye amazwe yayikushicilele ezinyangeni ezedlule, kwaze kwaba uMurtha ekhuluma esithangamini sabezindaba sangoMeyi 17, empeleni akekho omunye owayelusukumele lolu daba - yize ukubulawa kwabantu abaningi ngamasosha aseMelika kuyindaba ngokungangabazeki.
Ngaphandle kokwethuka okuthile phakathi kwezikhulu ezisemthethweni ngale ndaba, sekuvele kunezimpawu zokuthi umphakathi waseMelika obekwe ubandlululo osekunesikhathi eside ubona ukuthathwa kwe-Iraq njenge-bellum omnium contra omnes enonya ehlanganisa ama-Iraqi angenangqondo, namasosha aseMelika azama ngokuneze ukuphoqa ukuhleleka, uzokuthola. okunzima ukucubungula indaba emayelana nezenzo zonya ezenziwa yilawo masosha ase-US, ingasaphathwa eyo ephakamisa ukuthi iyini isihluku esiphelele. Ukuphindwa okubikezelwayo kwe-Abu Ghraib - ama-apula ambalwa abolile - aphenduka asuka ohlangothini lwesokudla, kanye nokugxeka uJohn Murtha nabanye ngokuhlasela amasosha ngeke kusize; futhi ngeke futhi abaka-Murtha nabanye baqhubeke bebhikishela ukuthi abawahlaseli amasosha kodwa bayaweseka noma benxusa ingcindezi enkulu eyayingaphansi kwabasemanzini okwabaphoqa ukuthi bahambe bayodubula izingane ezincane endaweni engenalutho.
Ukuze uqonde uhlobo lwesiko lengqondo nelokuziphatha lezi zambulo ezizowela kulo, umuntu akufanele abheke ngaphezu kwekholomu yokugcina ka-Maureen Dowd. Ungumuntu ozwelayo futhi okhululekile, uphazanyiswe ngokusobala ukubulawa kwabantu. Kodwa nokho isiqephu sesiqephu sakhe yilesi: ukusebenza kwe-Iraq kusenza sifane nabo. Akufanele sivumele ukuthintana kwethu nale nhliziyo yobumnyama kusenze sibe kubo.
Kuyiqiniso ukuthi kunamaqembu e-Iraq azihlukanise ngonya olumangalisayo, olungenangqondo. Noma kunjalo, kuyadumaza ukuthi iMelika ihlasele izwe, ilidle, ichithe izinhlaka zayo, ibulale amakhulu ezinkulungwane, ibulale amashumi ezinkulungwane uqobo, idilize izwe unomphela, futhi, ngezikhathi ezithile, ibulale izakhamizi ngamabomu, futhi. Isifundo kuphela ukuthi akufanele sivumele isihluku sase-Iraq sisingcolise.
Ezinye izindaba ezimbili kuzodingeka zihlanganiswe ukuze umphakathi waseMelika wenze umqondo wale ndaba - ngaphezu kwalokho okusobala ukuthi uHaditha uyisihloko seqhwa. Okokuqala, akulona iqiniso, njengoba uMurtha aphakamisa, ukuthi ukuntuleka kokuqeqeshwa kuhlobene nalokhu. Ngokuphambene, ukuqeqeshwa kwezempi yase-US kwenza izigameko ezinjalo zingenakugwenywa. Amasosha amashela izingoma ezinjengokuthi โBulala! Bulala! Bulala! Igazi likhulisa utshani.โ Lokhu akukona ukudabuka okungenangqondo, kodwa kunohlelo olusungulwe ngokukhethekile olwakhelwe ukunqoba inzondo yemvelo yomuntu yokubulala omunye umuntu. Amasosha enziwa imishini yokubulala; isiko elizokwenza lokhu ngakolunye uhlangothi futhi ngakolunye lihlale liphakamisa โukungenelela kosizo,โ lapho amasosha kufanele avikele izithakazelo zezakhamuzi, kuyisiko lokuphika ngokujulile.
Okwesibili, ukucwasa ngokobuhlanga kanye nokutholakala okungavamile kobuzwe obunobuzwe obunobuzwe kanye nenkolo ngemva kuka-9/11. Izikhulu zaseBrithani ziphawule izikhathi eziningi ngokuthi ukusebenzisana kwe-US nama-Iraqis kubonakala kanjani ngokucwasa. Siphawula ngokuthambekela kwamasosha ase-US ukusebenzisa umlilo omkhulu wokuphindisela ezindaweni ezihlala abantu, into okunzima ukuyicabanga ukuthi angayenza, njengokuthi, eYurophu, esinye isikhulu saseBrithani sathi, โAbaboni abantu base-Iraq ngendlela esibabona ngayo. Bazibheka njengabantu abangashadile.โ Le ngxenye ibizitshiwe isikhathi eside kakhulu.
Ngisho neMy Lai, ngeshwa, ayizange ifundise abantu baseMelika izifundo ezihlala njalo zohlobo okufanele balufunde ngempela. Akungabazeki ukuthi kusezandleni zokulwa nempi ukuzama ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uHaditha uyakwenza.
Rahul Mahajan http://www.empirenotes.org/