Bekungeke kubekwe isikhathi esingcono. Inkinga yokudla emhlabeni wonke isiphenduke umsindisi embonini yebhizinisi lezolimo. Ukuhwebelana kwamahhala okwengeziwe kanye nokwamukelwa ngokushesha kwezitshalo eziguqulwe izakhi zofuzo kuhlongozwa njengesixazululo esingase sibe khona.
UMengameli waseMelika uGeorge Bush, ebuzwa ukuthi yini okwaxoxwa ngayo phakathi kwakhe noNdunankulu uManmohan Singh eNgqungqutheleni ye-G-8 esanda kuphothulwa, uthe: โSixoxile ngesidingo sokuphothulwa ngempumelelo kweDoha Development Round yeWorld Trade Organisation. (WTO). Isitatimende sakhe sibalulekile uma kubhekwa izinkinga ezimbalwa ezingakaxazululwa kwezolimo kanye nezivumelwano zokufinyelela ezimakethe ezingezona ezolimo (i-NAMA) okungenzeka zivele ngaphambi kongqongqoshe be-WTO obuzayo obuhlelelwe uJulayi 21-25 e-Geneva.
Ukugcizelela kukaGeorge Bush ekuxazululeni izinkinga zohwebo ezibangayo kuza ngesikhathi lapho i-WTO ijahe kakhulu ukufinyelela esivumelwaneni ngaphambi kokuphela konyaka. Isikhulu se-WTO uPascal Lamy sithi: "Ukuhweba mahhala yikhona kuphela impendulo enkingeni yokudla emhlabeni wonke," futhi ubelokhu efuna ukuphothulwa kusenesikhathi Umjikelezo Wokuthuthukiswa Kwe-Doha. Isikhulu seBhange Lomhlaba uRobert Zoellick naye ubelokhu egcizelela emazweni asathuthuka ukuthi anikeze ukufinyeleleka okwengeziwe kwemikhiqizo yezolimo emazweni acebile nathuthukile.
Ngenkathi iBhange Lomhlaba kanye ne-WTO bephusha kanzima ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokuvula izimakethe zamazwe asathuthuka ngokusobala ukuze kuzuze izinkampani zebhizinisi lezolimo, iNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene ayiqinisekanga. Kuhlolo lwayo lwakamuva oluthi "World Economic and Social Survey 2008," i-UN ithi kunalokho uhlelo lokuvikela ezolimo emazweni athuthukile olukhule eminyakeni engu-40 edlule lube yingozi ekuthuthukisweni kwezolimo emazweni amaningi asathuthuka, futhi. ingenye yezici eziningi eziye zaba nomthelela ekuntulekeni kokudla kwamanye ala mazwe.
Lo mbiko uza ngemuva kwenkinga yokudla engakaze ibonwe emhlabeni wonke. Amazwe angaba ngu-37 aye abhekana nezibhelu zokudla onyakeni owodwa odlule, futhi i-UN ibeka amazwe angama-55 njengasengozini enkulu yokuntuleka kokudla.
Okuxakayo ukuthi, ngenkathi i-WTO ixoxisana ngokufinyelela okwengeziwe kwezimakethe emazweni asathuthuka, i-UN ithi la mazwe (asathuthuka) asekhokhe inani kusengaphambili e-Marrakesh (lapho kwavunyelwana khona ngokusungulwa kwe-WTO ngo-1994), yengeza ngokuthi kukhona empeleni asikho isidingo sokuthi amazwe asathuthuka anikeze izivumelwano zokufinyelela ezimakethe ezengeziwe. Ngakho-ke kusobala ukuthi umqondisi jikelele we-WTO u-Pascal Lamy kanye nesikhulu se-WB u-Robert Zoellick balwela kuphela izintshisekelo zezohwebo zezinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe.
Kakade, inzuzo ine-MNCs ye-agribusiness akhombise izinzuzo ezimangalisayo ngekota yokuqala yalo nyaka. Ngesikhathi lapho umhlaba ubhekene nokukhuphuka kwamanani entengo okudla, akhuphuka ngamaphesenti angama-300 kule minyaka emihlanu edlule, inzuzo yezinkampani zamabhizinisi ezolimo idlule kukho konke obekulindelwe. Ngamanye amazwi, ngenkathi indlala iphindaphindeka (IBhange Lomhlaba lilinganisela ukuthi abanye abantu abayizigidi eziyi-100 babulawa yindlala), ibhizinisi lalezi zinkampani lasondeza.
Ngakho-ke lokho okubonakala ngendlela i-WTO ephusha ngayo ukuhweba okwengeziwe empeleni kuhloswe ngayo ukuletha inzuzo eyengeziwe kuma-MNC ambalwa kunokuhlinzeka ngokudla ezigidini ezilambile. Ngenxa yohwebo olwengeziwe kwezolimo, amazwe asathuthuka ukushoda kokudla kukhule kwaze kwaba yirekhodi lama-US $ 11 billion ngonyaka. Eminyakeni engaba ngu-40 edlule, amazwe asathuthuka empeleni ayethumela ukudla kwamanye amazwe futhi enensada yama-US $ 7 billion ekuhwebeni kokudla. Ukuguquka kwengcebo yokudla kuwumphumela wokukhululeka kwezohwebo.
Izinzuzo zohwebo olungalingani zithathwe idlanzana lezinkampani ezizimele. Inzuzo yeMonsanto, okuyinkampani yembewu enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, inyuke ngamaphesenti ayi-108, kanti iCargill kanye no-Archer Daniel Midlands (ADM), abadayisi bokudla abakhulu emhlabeni, babhalise inzuzo yokwenyuka ngamaphesenti angama-86 nangama-42, ngokulandelana. Inzuzo yeMosaic, enye yezinkampani ezinkulu zikamanyolo emhlabeni, ikhuphuke ngamaphesenti ayi-1,134. Akumangalisi ukuthi umthethosivivinywa woxhaso lukamanyolo e-India usuvele weqe i-Indian Rs 1,00,000-crore mark. Akukhona nje ezohwebo kuphela, i-G-8 iphinde yagxila endimeni engenziwa izitshalo eziguqulwe ngofuzo (GM) ekudambiseni indlala emazweni asathuthuka. Isilinganiso sakamuva se-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), indikimba ebusayo yezikhungo zocwaningo lwezolimo zomhlaba wonke eziyi-16, iphakamise ukuthi i-biotechnology ingaba negalelo ekuthuthukeni okukhulu ekukhiqizeni izitshalo. Ngakho-ke, i-GM ingase ikhulise amandla okukhiqiza emhlabeni wonke ngamaphesenti angama-25 eminyakeni ezayo.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ucwaningo lwe-CGIAR alwenziwa ngisho nezinkampani zeGM. UMartin Taylor, usihlalo we-Syngenta, omunye wabasekeli abakhulu emhlabeni jikelele bocwaningo lweGM, uyaziphika izimangalo ze-CGIAR. Engxoxweni abe nayo neThe Guardian, uthe: "I-GM ngeke ixazulule inkinga yokudla, okungenani hhayi esikhathini esifushane." Amazwi akhe aphikisana nesitatimende sabaholi be-G-8 ababona amathuba amakhulu ezitshalo ze-GM ukubhekana nenkinga yokudla emhlabeni.
E-India futhi, ubuholi bezepolitiki buhambisana nokuqagela okuyiphutha nokulindelwe. Ngokuchaza ukuhlaziya okunephutha kwezomnotho nesayensi okukhuthazwa osomnotho abakhulu nabakhi bezinqubomgomo bamazwe asentshonalanga, uhulumeni waseNdiya naye uyenqaba ukubuka ngale. Ikhomishini Yokuhlela kanye Nomnyango Wesayensi Nezobuchwepheshe izwakalisa ukholo olwengeziwe kulokho uThomas M Schoewe, iphini likasihlalo we-Wal-Mart International kanye nesikhulu esiphezulu se-Wal-Mart International Stores abakushoyo mayelana nokuvula ukuhweba okwengeziwe nalokho uFriedrich Berschauer, usihlalo we-Bayer CropSciences AG kufanele asho mayelana namandla ezitshalo/ukudla kwe-GM.
Ngeshwa, okungabonakali ukuthi inkinga yamanje yezolimo iwumphumela wombuso wokuhweba ongalungile kanye nobuchwepheshe obungadingeki obungahlobene kancane nezidingo zabalimi abancane nabancane.